模拟卷(2017网上A卷整理含答案)

2017年长沙市初中毕业学业水平考试生物模拟试卷（十二）

一、单项选择题（本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分，每小题只有一个正确选项）

1.使用显微镜时，在低倍镜下物像清晰，换用高倍镜后，若视野较暗应调节

A．转换器 B．移动玻片 C．细准焦螺旋 D．反光镜

2.某同学制作植物材料的临时装片，在显微镜中观察到某些细胞中有染色体，那么观察材料最可能来自A．根尖分生区 B．叶上表皮 C．番茄果肉 D．根的成熟区

3.长沙市注重生态环境建设，其中长沙县松雅湖湿地中动植物资源越来越丰富、水体越来越清洁，在此停留的候鸟越来越多，在2016年底甚至吸引了六只小天鹅。这说明

A．生物适应环境 B．生物影响环境 C．环境影响生物 D．环境适应生物

4.某河流中重金属镉含量超标，用该河流灌溉某片农田，以下生物中镉含量最高的是

A．水稻 B．食草昆虫 C．杂草 D．青蛙

5.铁线蕨是多年生常绿观赏植物，其结构层次从微观到宏观的排列顺序是

A．细胞、组织、器官、系统、个体 B．细胞、器官、组织、系统、个体

C．细胞、器官、组织、个体 D．细胞、组织、器官、个体

6.剥开荔枝的外果皮，即可吃到甘甜的果肉，发育为果肉的是

A．柱头 B．花柱 C．胚珠 D．子房壁

7.森林生态系统具有“绿色水库”的美称，下列生理作用与之密切相关的是

A．生长作用 B．呼吸作用 C．光合作用 D．蒸腾作用

8.小明刷牙时老是牙龈出血，下列食物中，他应该多吃的是

A．馒头 B．花生 C．牛肉干 D．橘子

9.细嚼慢咽能使米饭越吃越甜，原因是

A．唾液将淀粉分解成了葡萄糖 B．唾液将淀粉分解成了麦芽糖

C．牙齿咀嚼将淀粉分解成了葡萄糖 D．牙齿咀嚼将淀粉分解成了麦芽糖

10.血液能循环往复不停流动，其动力器官是

A．心脏 B．动脉 C．静脉 D．毛细血管

11.长时间憋尿是一种不健康的生活习惯，暂时贮存尿液的器官是

A．膀胱 B．输尿管 C．肾脏 D．尿道

12.常吃海带、紫菜等含碘丰富的海产品，可以预防

A．侏儒症 B．巨人症 C．大脖子病 D．糖尿病

13.在男性生系统中产生精子的器官是

A．睾丸 B．输精管 C．附睾 D．前列腺

14.为了探究动物的行为，小明把鸡窝里正在孵化的鸡蛋全部移走，其结果是母鸡照样趴在鸡里孵卵。由此小明得出的结论是：母鸡的孵卵行为属于

A．社会行为 B．先天性行为 C．学习行为 D．后天性行为

15.“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干”。家蚕吐丝结茧后，不食不动的时期是处于发育的哪个阶段A．若虫 B．幼虫 C．蛹 D．成虫

16.紫薯淀粉含量高，口感好，比普通红薯（地瓜）更受人们喜爱，采用扦插的方式既能加快繁殖，又能A．保持品种的优良性状 B．促进发生变异 C．避免病虫害的发生 D．保持高产

17.把人的胰岛素基因连接到了大肠杆菌的DNA分子上，使大肠杆菌生产胰岛素，这个事实可以说明A．基因控制生物的性状 B．生物的性状都可以遗传 C．人与植物的基因相同 D．基因有显性和隐性之分18.滥用抗生素导致超级细菌的产生，根据达尔文的生物进化理论，这种现象是

A．上帝创造的结果 B．人工选择的结果 C．自然选择的结果 D．长期使用的结果

19.某人在水库游泳时遇到一群身体透明呈圆形的水母，水母属于哪种生物

A．腔肠动物 B．扁形动物 C．软体动物 D．节肢动物

20.杜牧写的“青苔满阶砌，白鸟故迟留”描述了青苔长满台阶的情景，青苔不具有

A．茎 B．叶 C．根 D．孢子

21.某些生物虽然种类不同，但生活在同一种环境中的某些结构具有共同形态特征，以下说法不正确的是A．海龟四肢呈鳍状，适于游泳 B．蝙蝠翼膜面积大，适于飞行

C．企鹅趾间有蹼，适于游泳 D．鲸鱼用鳃呼吸，适于水中生活

22.红绿色盲为隐性遗传病，其基因位于X染色体上（红绿色盲基因用b表示），小花（女）在婚检时发现为红绿色盲，对此，下列说法不正确的是

A．小花的性染色体组成为XX B．小花的细胞内的基因组成为bb

C．小花父亲的X染色体上一定含有基因b D．小花的孩子不一定含有基因b

23.医学上把发生伤病后的前4分钟，称为急救“黄金时间”。如果能有更多人掌握科学的救护知识，无疑会在挽救生命时抢得先机。下列关于急救的做法中，不正确的是

A．当人溺水造成呼吸停止时，可用人工呼吸的方法进行急救

B．遇到触电昏迷的人，先断电再进行心肺复苏

C．将煤气中毒的人转移到通风的地方后进行抢救

D．动脉大出血时，应及时在远心端压迫止血

24.下列关于人的青春期的说法中，正确的是

A．女孩出现月经，男孩出现遗精都是正常的生理现象 B．女孩月经期间不能参加任何体育运动

C．男孩应当穿紧身的内裤，可以防止精液流出 D．性意识开始萌动，对异性产生依恋是不健康的心理25.保护生物圈从我做起，以下做法不正确的是

A．低碳出行，尽量乘坐公共交通工具 B．参加植树活动，关爱身边的花草树木

C．垃圾分类，充分利用废旧物品 D．保持干净卫生，尽量使用一次性物品

二、识图作答题（共3题，15分）

26.下面是动物细胞和植物细胞的结构模式图，请据图回答下列问题。

(1)动物细胞和植物细胞都有③，称之为真核生物。

(2) （填序号）是细胞的“动力车间”，能进行呼吸作

用为细胞的生命活动提供能量。

(3)在制作口腔上皮细胞临时装片时，需在载玻片中央滴加一

滴，是因为动物细胞最外层没有细胞壁，细胞形态容

易发生变化。

(4)小明在观察洋葱内表皮细胞后绘制的植物细胞结构简图与图甲一样。请判断小明绘制的简图是否正确，并说明理由：。

27.生物学中一个字可以组成很多个词组，如“子”，有

子房、子宫、子代、精子等词组。请完成下面有关“芽”

的词组概念图。

①②③

④⑤

28.完成下面呼吸系统的组成图，写出相关结构名称。

(1)在图甲中，1、2、3、4、5等器官组成，其

与6代表的肺共同组成呼吸系统。

(2)当图甲中的7膈肌（选填“下降”“上升”或

“不变”）时，图乙中③容积增大，气体进入③中。

(3)在图乙中，①和②代表两种气体，其中①表示

由肺泡进入毛细血管。

(4)在剧烈运动时，人体除运动系统参与、神经系统调节

外，还有呼吸急促、心跳加快以满足肌肉对能量的需求，这说明人体是一个。

三、实验题（共3题，15分）

29.2011年1月起，中国内地的所有室内公共场所、公共交通工具和其他可能的室外工作场所完全禁止吸

(1)该实验方法属于调查法中的（选填“普查法”或“抽样调查法”）。

(2)从表格可以知道，冠心病患者吸烟比例达，吸烟容易导致系统疾病。

(3)完成下面慢性支气管炎吸烟情况的饼状图。

(4)校园作为公共场所要全面禁烟，请你为学校设计一条标语提醒进入校园的人员不要

吸烟：

30.某同学制作一个“肌肉牵动骨运动演示装置”，其装置图如右图：两根轻质杆通过

车轴杆相连，可绕车轴杆运动；注射器两端用不可伸缩塑料管与轻质杆相连，可以通过

控制器控制注射器的伸缩。

(1)车轴杆模拟运动系统中的，注射器两端的不可伸缩塑料管一端与

分）

32.开福寺放生池里的巴西龟引起了湖南师大研究外来物种的邓学建教授的注意。“2008年湖南出现罕见雪灾，我原本以为，持续一周零下4摄氏度的冰寒天气，会冻死原本属于热带生物的巴西龟。可万万没想到，在曾结了一层冰的放生池里，开春之后，半数巴西龟依然坚定地活在这块原本不属于它们的水域里。”“更让人担忧的是，一些市民还将巴西龟放生到湘江里去。现在，湘江流域有很多野生的巴西龟了。”邓教授非常担心它们将占据湘江，将湘江里的“原住居民”赶尽杀绝。

（1）湘江流域中各种生物与环境构成一个统一的整体叫做。来自南美的巴西龟占据湘江，将湘江里的“原住居民”赶尽杀绝，这种现象称之为。

（2）巴西龟生活在水中，其卵结构与鸟卵相似，由为胚胎发育提供营养物质和水分，生殖过程摆脱了对水环境的依赖，在陆地上产卵。(3)邓教授认为“持续一周零下4摄氏度的冰寒天气，会冻死原本属于热带生物的巴西龟。”邓教授作出以上假设的依据是。(4)某养殖公司申请在洞庭湖区用网箱养殖来自松花江的鲟鱼，如果由你进行评估审核，是否同意并说出理由：。33.下图为二氧化碳浓度和光照强度对某种蔬菜光合作用强度（即单位时间、单位叶面积吸收二氧化碳的量）的影响曲线。分析回答下列问题：

（1）①在a曲线的段光合作用强度差异可以说明光照

强度是影响光合作用强度的因素；②A点和B点的光合作用强度差

异说明是影响光合作用强度的因素。(2)实验中除了用

单位时间、单位叶面积吸收二氧化碳的量来衡量光合作用强度外，

还可以用单位时间、单位叶面积释放的量来衡量光合

作用强度。（3）请你依据本实验结果为大棚种植户提出一条增产建

议：。(4)某兴趣小组查阅资料发现苋菜是进行光合作用实验的良好材料，在一个阳光明媚的下午，他们来到大棚中选取了10片苋菜叶片，一半遮光处理、一半见光处理，3小时后摘取并进行酒精脱色，再滴加碘液，其现象是。34.请运用所学的生物学知识解决下列生活中的实际问题。

（1）小明经常夜晚抽筋，妈妈给他服用了大量的补钙产品，可检查后还是缺钙，医生建议可以增服促进钙的吸收。(2)小华在制作酸奶时忘记盖盖子，结果酸奶制作失败了，原因

是。（3）湖南刘某轻信他人说法，生吃活泥鳅，结果将寄生虫带入体内，出现发烧、全身发抖、肌肉酸痛等症状。从传染病相关知识的角度分析寄生虫是他所患疾病

的。(4)一位妇女脑颅内长了肿瘤，其眼睛的结构和功能完好，但却失明了。其失明的原因可能是肿瘤压迫了大脑皮层的中枢。（5）贫血和低血糖患者会出现头晕、乏力的症状。这是由于缺乏氧气和有机物，大脑和肌肉细胞无法正常进行。35.网络谣言已经给社会造成了重大损失。2016年在微信朋友圈中流传的文章称，一名孕妇买到有虫猪肉，此虫水煮不烂、高温杀不死，广东等六省猪肉大面积出现钩虫。

(1)钩虫发达，消化结构简单，运动能力弱，体表有角质层，这些结构特点与其寄生生活相适应。（2）钩虫是不是“水煮不烂、高温杀不死”，学校求真小组马上与疾控站和畜牧站取得联系开展实验。

①选取大小相似、的白鼠9只，平均分为三组，编号甲、乙、丙。

②给甲组喂养一定量未经处理、含钩虫的猪肉，乙组喂养，丙组喂养等量未感染钩虫的猪肉。

③一段时间后，检测小白鼠是否感染钩虫：甲组感染钩虫，乙组、丙组未感染钩虫。

④结论：高温可以杀死钩虫。

(3)国家食药监总局在官网发布消息称，多位专家查看网上流传的“猪肉钩虫”图片，确认大部分是猪的血管、淋巴管、肌腱以及筋膜等结构，一般很难煮烂。这些肌腱以及筋膜均属于组织。（4）请结合所学知识，说说在今后的生活中应当如何处理各种未经证实的网络信息：。

2017年长沙市初中毕业学业水平考试生物模拟试卷（十二）

1-25:DACDD DDDBA ACABC AACAC DDDAD

26.(1)细胞核(2)⑥(3)生理盐水(4)不正确洋葱表皮细胞没有叶绿体（或应用密集的点表示暗处）

27.①芽孢②茎和叶③芽④出芽生殖⑤无性

28.(1) 呼吸道 (2) 下降肺泡 (3) 氧气(4) 有机整体（或统一整体）

29.(1) 抽样调查法 (2) 61.1% 呼吸(3) 如下图所示，批数形一致、标注准确即可

(4) 为了您和他人的健康请勿吸烟

30.(1) 关节轻质杆1 (2) 缩短 (3) 不变（4）蝗虫有外骨骼支撑，可以利用杠杆

原理运动（提到外骨骼、杠杆或者运动系统发达均可，主要体现结构与功能一致）

31. （1）高温灭菌（2）接种甲乙两组均长出大量菌落实验失败（3）

结缔(4) 不轻信，不转发，不散播（意思相近即可）

2017年高考英语模拟试题 (4)

2017年高考英语模拟试题 A Assistant Professor, Musical Theatre Dance Wichita State University seeks a full-time, 9-month assistant professor, beginning in August. Applicants are required to have a degree in dance area, teaching experience at a professional or college level, ability to direct and teach stage movement. The salary depends on qualifications and experience. For complete information visit https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3518772745.html,. Full Professor in Theatre and Dance The Department of Theatre & Dance at the University of California at San Diego (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3518772745.html,) is seeking an experienced theatre artist in lighting design. Applicants must work for us for at least one year. Significant professional experience is required. This position is expected to teach at both graduate and undergraduate levels. A review of applications will start on June 1st. Application deadline: September 1st. Technical Director in Performing and Fine Arts DeSales University’s Performing and Fine Arts Department seeks a highly skilled, professional technical director. The position is a 10-month staff position with the possibility of summer employment with the Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival. Professional experience is required; MFA is preferred. Please email materials to john.bell@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3518772745.html,. Screening of applications begins immediately and will continue until the position is filled. Assistant Director— Media Resources Center Maryland Institute College of Art is seeking an Assistant Director of Media Resources Center in the Academic Affairs Division. Qualifications for the position include a degree in Art History or related fields with knowledge of art and design history, library experience, excellent interpersonal and communication skills and familiarity with photoshop and scanning. A review of applications will begin immediately; job announcements will remain open until the position is filled. Applicants are required to work for us at least 11 months. They can send emails to jobs@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3518772745.html,. The salary differs depending on your experience. Please include your desired salary in your application letter. 25. If an applicant has 9.5-month free time, he or she can pay close attention to the ad of ____. A. Full Professor in Theatre and Dance B. Assistant Professor, Musical Theatre Dance C. Technical Director in Performing and Fine Arts

2017年高考全国1卷理科数学试题和答案解析

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