高考英语一轮复习练习题Unit3Inventorsandinventions(含解析)新人教版选修8

——————————教育资源共享步入知识海洋————————

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

李仕才

一、阅读理解

A new “smart bin” could mean the end of environment-conscious families spending hours sorting tins, cartons, bottles, and cardboard for recycling.

The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate. It is being trialed in Poland and is set to go on sale in UK within a few years.

The bin, designed by start-up company Bin.E, recognizes different type of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors, image recognition and artificial intelligence. Once waste is placed inside, the camera and sensor identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins. Then it compresses the waste so it occupies less space.

It is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as John Lewis, which said it is introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins. Matt Thomas, a buyer at John Lewis, gave us the reason, “We’ve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are becoming more and more focused on sustainability. In response to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winter

season-designed to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home."

Bin. E’s official release on the market will take place in 2018. However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available. The office bin will sell at ￡ 430 while customers will need to pay a ￡ 107 subscription fee for an accompanying smartphone app, which hooks them up with collection services. A spokesman at Bin. E said that home version of the bin will be cheaper and will not include a monthly payment.

They added: “After the office version, we plan to create an outdoor version and later the home version. We decided to go for the outdoor version for public areas first because it is more difficult to organize an efficient waste segregating system than

in our homes.”

1.What do we know about about a new “smart bin” from the first paragraph?

A. It works automatically.

B. It has been used widely.

C. It is easy to operate.

D. It is very expensive.

2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. The waste.

B. The camera.

C. The bin.

D. The sensor.

3.Why is John Lewis introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins?

A. To change people’s behaviour,

B. To satisfy increasing demands.

C. To popularize new technology.

D. To make them more famous.

4.Where will the first version of new “smart bin” be used according to Bin. E’s official?

A. At home.

B. In the supermarket.

C. In the open air.

D. In the office.

【文章大意】本文介绍了一款可以智能分类垃圾的“智能垃圾箱”。并对它的设计，市场应用进行了介绍。

2.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上段The invention, which can help sort rubbish into

recycling categories without needing people to operate这项发明可以帮助垃圾分类，可知it指代the smart bin，故选C。

4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章However, at first only a larger version designed

for offices will be available.最初只有一个为办公室设计的更大胆版本才可以使用。

可知最初是在办公室使用，故选D。

二、教材与语法填空

根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When the writer called 1.___________ her mother in the countryside on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed 2.___________ (make) their home near their house. The writer considered it a chance for her

3.___________ (distinguish) herself by inventing something that would catch

4.___________ (snake) but not harm them. She set about

5.___________ (research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be

6.___________ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. As

7.___________ result, she had to attempt a

8.___________ (three) time,

9.___________ helped her fulfill her aim successfully. She was so delighted that she was 10.___________ (determine) to send her invention to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.

答案：1.up 2.to have made 3.to distinguish 4.snakes

5．researching 6.easily 7.a 8.third 9.which 10.determined

三、完形填空

One day when I was 13，my family was working in the fields to clear away old brush when somehow the electric fence sparked(冒火花)and __1__ a fire.We didn't see the fire __2__ it had blocked the way to the only gate.I __3__ to jump over the fence to safety but the fire was all around us.I could only watch in __4__ as the flames continued to rise.Little did I know that my father had once been a(n)__5__ and knew

what to do. __6__ with only a pump sprayer，buckets, and his boots，he __7__ down to the nearby pond，filled the buckets and the sprayer，and began spraying the __8__ while my older brother threw water with the buckets.Soon the wind __9__，however，and with the Fire Department too far away to arrive in time，my father began to stamp(踩灭) out the flames as he moved to the __10__，so that my family was able to move inch by inch toward the gate.__11__ he arrived at the gate，he jumped into the truck，rolled up the windows，and drove __12__ the fire.Then the fire was put out，and my mother was looking at my father with her __13__ eyes.

After that，my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter，and my brother and I became __14__，asking him what other jobs he had done before he __15__.Well，it turned out that he had done just about __16__ except brain surgery!

He had been in the military as a carpenter，carpet layer，and an electrician，and had built B2 bombers before being poisoned in an accident that had __17__ him to retire.My father has a blood disorder as a result of that __18__，but that hasn't stopped him from being a full-time electrician.

To all those people whose fathers have worked in the military and in other dangerous jobs, be __19__ of them，and remember that some day their __20__ might save your life.

1．A.prevented B．permitted

C．witnessed D．started

2．A.because B．unless

C．after D．until

3．A.wanted B．managed

C．promised D．happened

4．A.anger B．horror

C．excitement D．embarrassment

5．A.carpenter B．electrician

C．firefighter D．educator

6．A.Armed B．Satisfied

C．Shared D．Identified

7．A.slid B．fell

C．dashed D．walked

8．A.trees B．grass

C．flames D．flowers

9．A.died off B．took on

C．turned out D．picked up

10．A.fence B．truck

C．furniture D．bucket

11．A.If B．Once

C．Since D．While

12．A.through B．along

C．over D．across

13．A.high B．wide

C．fast D．far

14．A.curious B．suspicious

C．concerned D．anxious

15．A.moved B．resigned

C．retired D．suffered

16．A.everything B．nothing

C．something D．anything

17．A.allowed B．encouraged

C．invited D．forced

18．A.fire B．accident

C．attempt D．explanation

19．A.afraid B．proud

C．careful D．ashamed

20．A.culture B．learning

C．skills D．languages

【解题导语】本文作者通过讲述火灾中父亲扑灭大火的故事，告诉我们曾经在部队和做过其他危险工作的父亲将来某一天可能会用他们的技能拯救我们的生命，我们应为他们感到骄傲。

【核心词汇】as a result of由于，因为(其后跟宾语)

be proud of为……感到骄傲

1．D 根据该句中的“the electric fence sparked(冒火花)and __1__ a fire”可知，此处表示一场火灾开始了。D项意为“开始，使开始发生”，符合语境。prevent“阻止”；permit“允许”；witness“目击”。

2．D 直到大火堵住了通往唯一的门的路，我们才发现大火。此处考查

“not...until...”结构。

3．A 根据语境可知，“我”想(wanted)跳过篱笆，到达安全地带，可是大火包围了我们。manage“设法做成”；promise“许诺”；happen“发生”。

4．B 由上文可知，大火包围了我们，“我”只能惊恐地看着火焰继续上升。in horror“惊恐地”；in anger“生气地”；in excitement“兴奋地”；in embarrassment“尴尬地”。

5．C 根据第二段第一句中的“my father be gan telling us about his days as a firefighter”可知，父亲曾经是一名消防员。carpenter“木匠，木工”；electrician“电工”；educator“教育工作者”。

6．A 本题考查be armed with的省略结构作状语，意为“用……装备或武装”，故选A项。satisfied“满意的，满足的”；shared“共有的”；identified“可辨认的”。

7．C 根据语境可知，父亲应该是冲(dashed)向最近的池塘。slide“滑行”。

8．C 根据上下文可知，此处指开始用水喷向火焰(flames)。

9．D 根据语境可知，此处表示然而很快，风又变强了。pick up“变大，变强”，符合语境。die off“相继死去，先后死去”；take on“呈现，开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)”；turn out“结果是，证明是”。

10．B 根据下文中的“he jumped into the truck”可知，父亲走向卡车。

11．B 考查连词。A项意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句；B项意为“一……就……，一旦”，引导时间状语从句；C项“自……以来，因为，既然”；D项“当……时候，尽管”。由上下文可知，此处指父亲一到达大门，就跳进了卡车里。故选B项。

12．A 根据语境可知，父亲开着卡车从火中穿过。through“通过，穿过”，表示运动发生在某物的空间内；along“沿着”；over“在……上面”；across“从一边到另一边，横过”，表示动作发生在物体的表面。

13．B 根据语境可知，父亲开着卡车从火中穿过，火最终被扑灭了，所以母亲睁大(wide)眼睛看着父亲。

14．A 根据下文中的“asking him what other jobs he had done”可知，我们是很好奇的(curious)。suspicious“怀疑的，猜疑的”；concerned“(与某事)有关的，有牵连的”；anxious“焦虑的，不安的，担心的”。

15．C 根据语境可知，我们问父亲在退休(retired)之前还做过其他什么工作。下文中的“to retire”也是提示。

16．A 根据第三段对父亲退休前工作的描述可知，父亲做过很多事情，所以此处指除了做脑外科手术之外，父亲几乎什么都做过。everything except“除了……之外什么都……”符合语境。

17．D 由上下文可知，那场事故迫使(forced)父亲退休。

18．B 根据上下文可知，此处指那场事故(accident)。attempt“尝试”；

explanation“解释”。

19．B be proud of “为……感到骄傲”符合语境。ashamed“(因自己所做的事而)羞耻的，内疚的，惭愧的”。

20．C 根据上文可知，此处指他们的技能(skills)有朝一日可能拯救你的生命。

四、教材与话题写作

(Ⅰ)用本单元所学知识完成下列句子。

1．大卫是一个谨慎而成功的商人，他的一项新产品获得了专利。(cautious; patent; product)

_______________________________________________

答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product.

2．这项产品很畅销，但是后来他发现这款产品没有达到标准。(criteria)

_______________________________________________

答案：This product sold well, but later he found his product didn’t live up to the criteria.

3．他没有气馁，而是抓住一切机会改善产品。(improve)

_______________________________________________

答案：He didn’t lose heart but seized every chance to improve it.

4．他希望自己的产品能经受得住市场的考验。(expect)

_______________________________________________

答案：He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market.

5．在自己的努力下，他获得了巨大的成功，自己的收入稳定增长。(stable)

_______________________________________________

答案：It was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.

(Ⅱ)将以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

五、下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。

David, whom was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold good, but later he found his product didn ’t live up to the criteria. However, he didn ’t lose his heart but seized every chance to improve it.He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts which he achieved great success and his income has a stable increase.

答案：

David, whom who

was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold good well

， but later he found his product didn ’t live up to the criteria. However, he didn ’t lose his heart but seized every chance to improve it.He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market.

Eventually, it was with his efforts which that

he achieved great success and his income has had

a stable increase.

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