实用文体翻译练习2
练习材料
第一单元地理篇
No Giant Skyscrapers
Chicago and New York are famous for their tall buildings. California cannot be. Its buildings have to be famous for their beauty or their historical importance1. California is earthquake country2.
The San Andreas Fault3 is a cause of earthquakes. It is a long crack in the earth that stretches from Southern to Northern California. Rocks inside the earth move and the earth shakes. These earthquakes make the fault bigger4.
The most famous earthquake in California happened in 1906. It destroyed most of the young city of San Francisco. People rebuilt the city. They looked at the buildings that did not fall in the earthquake5 and they learned more about building in California.
Tall buildings can be dangerous6 in earthquakes. Today California has codes7 that say how a building must be built and how tall it can be.
Los Angeles has several earthquakes each year. The tall buildings move8 a little and everyone takes a deep breath. Usually tourists and newcomers are the most frightened. People who grew up in California say, “We?re used to it!”
Earthquakes do not stop the building industry in California, but they do make architects work a little harder9. The buildings they design have to look good and stand up in an earthquake. These buildings are good examples of modern California architecture. The Bonaventure Hotel is a few city blocks from the old Mission Church. The Century City Complex is near the ocean. It stands on the site of the old Twentieth Century Fox movie studios. These buildings show that people are not afraid to build in California.
水桥
在巴拿马，有一座世界闻名的“水桥”，那就是巴拿马运河。去年暑假，我跟着爸爸妈妈去巴拿马运河游览观光，至今还记忆犹新。
我们乘机抵达巴拿马城，然后搭上了一艘游轮，从巴尔博亚港进入运河。船行13公里后，便到了运河的第一组水闸1。巴拿马运河就是通过水闸的关与开，让船舰跨越陆地的一座“水桥”2。
我们开始“上桥”了。船驶进闸池之后，厚2米，高、宽各20米，重数百吨的钢闸门便缓缓地关闭，闸池里开始注水。几分钟后，水涨船高3。游轮在两岸电力机车的牵引下缓缓前进。这样连升两级之后，船已经升高了16米。出闸后，再驶过一个小湖，又到了第二组水闸。经过这座水闸，船又升高了9.5米。这样，船已高出海平面26米，进入“桥顶”4。我们的游船驶进了长达13公里的主航道，只见5两岸山6如刀削，绿树红花，景色十分秀丽7。
游船出了峡谷，驶入了宽阔的加通湖。湖水倒映着远山白云，美丽的小岛时隐时现8。在湖中悠悠航行38公里之后，船来到了加通水闸，从此进入了“下桥”段。这座水闸共有三级，犹如三个巨大的台阶。游船经过加通水闸后，已经降到了与大西洋水面相同的高度。当船驶入利蒙湾时，美丽的加勒比海便出现在眼前9。
我们从太平洋来到大西洋10，彼此隔离的大洋因为有了巴拿马运河而相通。运河全长81.8公里，宽度由150米到304米不等。5万吨级的巨轮，日夜畅通无阻。它无愧于“世界桥梁”的称誉。我由衷地赞美人类改造自然的智慧和勇气!我敬佩你，巴拿马人民!
导游告诉我们，巴拿马人民是有志气的。他们一方面正在改造现在这条运河；另一方面，还准备新建一条更长的运河，预计工程需要10年才能完成，它将成为人类有史以来最大的工程11。我们期待着它早日完成。
第二单元人物篇
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth president of the United States, was born in Kentucky in 1809, and died in Washington in 1865, the day after he had been shot1 by a Southern2 sympathizer3. He is classed with Washington in greatness of deeds, but is nearer the hearts of all Americans4 because he sprang from the ranks of the common people, and rose from the log hut of birth to the White House5. Because his family were pioneers in the newly settled West, he had practically no regular education6, but he held firmly to his purpose to secure knowledge in every possible way. Stories are told of how he walked miles to secure a book7, and studied by the light of the hearth fire8 at night after a hard day at farm work. After a hard struggle as clerk, village postmaster, and surveyor, he succeeded in passing the bar examinations9, and became a lawyer in Springfield, Illinois. In 1846, he was elected to Congress. In 1858, he might have gained his place in the United States Senate had he not taken his stand against slavery in the famous debates which he entered with Stephen A. Douglas. These debates spread his fame throughout the country and led the way for his election10 to the presidency in 1860. Very shortly after his election the secession of certain Southern states led to the Civil War, which in turn induced Lincoln to free the slaves11 on January 1, 1863, by the Emancipation Proclamation. His second inaugural speech12 gave his plan for building up the peace of the nation, but he did not live to accomplish his desire. Many comparisons have been made of Washington and Lincoln. Each was in the highest sense13a providential man14 raised up for his era, and filled with those eminent qualities that enabled him to do the great work of the hour15.
京剧大师梅兰芳
梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家。可他小时候却被认为是“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料1。
梅兰芳小时候是个没人管的野孩子2。他八岁开始学戏，由于天资不出众，学了多时还
不能开口唱戏。他平时寡言少语，见了人也不会说话3，总是无精打采的，眼睛也没有一点儿神4。姑母说他不行，连老师教了一段时间后也丧失了信心，不愿意再教下去了。
梅兰芳人虽小，但挺懂事5，也有股倔强劲儿。“你们说我不行，我偏要学。”梅兰芳暗暗下了决心。
从此，梅兰芳一有空就站在院子里的空地上朝天上看6。蔚蓝的天空，常有鸽子飞过，梅兰芳就拼命地7抬起眼，盯住鸽子，目送它向远处飞去，眼睛一眨也不眨。开始很难受，眼睛又酸又累，还不住地流眼泪，眼皮也挺吃力的。但是梅兰芳不怕苦和累，一直坚持不断地练习。就这样，梅兰芳的眼睛变得越来越有神，为日后演戏奠定了基础。
……*
就这样，梅兰芳从一个不是唱戏的料，成长为有独特风格的京剧表演艺术家。
梅兰芳唱红了8，自然点名要他唱戏的人就多了，当时有不少社会名流、巨商富豪想用金钱收买他，利用他的名望笼络人心，赚大钱。然而梅兰芳面对金钱从不动心。
一天，梅兰芳演完戏正在后台卸装9，一个有名的巨商走了进来，满脸堆笑地对他说：“梅先生演技高超，我实在佩服。这是一点小意思，聊表敬意。”说着递过来一张l万元的现金支票。梅兰芳知道那人另有企图，接过支票后看也不看，就划了根火柴把它烧了。他对那人说：“艺术是不能用金钱收买的，你走吧。”那个巨商碰了一鼻子灰10，向梅兰芳赔礼道歉后，就灰溜溜地走了。
第三单元风土人情
The Isle of Achill(1)
H. V. Morton
Seven thousand people, connected to Ireland by a narrow bridge, live on the Isle of Achill in the shadow of blue mountains and in the gloom of brown peat bogs. They think in Irish, and they speak Irish. When the sun shines they inhabit a paradise of colors. Titian-blue hills, blue skies, seas that rival the blue of Naples; but in bad weather the Atlantic waves scream on every side of them, and the winds from the east1 go tearing2 round the mountains like forty thousand3 devils.
Their little white cabins cluster incredibly4on rock ledges; their small potato patches are scratched with heroic industry5 in the hard rock. They love dancing and music. The sound of their fiddles is like the twittering of sparrows. And6 they are all in debt to the grocer!
There is no money to be made in Achill, so that twelve months? credit is the easy-going custom. The whole island7lives on credit. It is in debt from harvest to harvest. In the spring every able-bodied man, and many a sturdy girl, leaves Achill for England or Scotland, where they sell their strong arms8 to foreign farmers. They put in9five months? hard labour a nd return with their savings to pay last year?s bills.
There is nothing in this country of farewells10 quite like the regular evacuation11 of Achill in the spring. Special boats put in12 from Glasgow and Liverpool. The male population troops down to the sea, waves good-bye to its women-folk, and departs overseas on its gold rush13.
“And how much do you make in England ?” I asked a young giant14.
“Sure I saved ten pounds last year! 15” he replied proudly.
Ten pounds for five months? hard work in another man?s fields! 16
苗族龙船节(一)
龙船节，是黔东南清水江上1苗族人民最盛大的节日。节日里，聚会2的苗族同胞，每年有三四万人。
龙，在苗族人心目中是吉祥如意的象征。苗家姑娘最爱将龙形图案打制成3银饰装点在头上，或刺绣、编织在衣裙中4。苗族人民制作的龙船，十分精巧、美观，龙身由一只母船和两只子船5捆扎而成，皆为独木镂空。两米多长的龙头，用水柳木雕刻，装有一对一米多长的龙角。龙头以主色不同，分为赤龙、青龙、黄龙。
从施秉县的平兆到台江县的六河，每个苗族寨子都建有“龙篷”，用来保护龙船。因龙船身长二十五米，“龙篷”建成七格，每格将近四米长，当地又称之为“七间房”。
每年农历五月二十四日至二十七日，几十个村寨相继举行龙船节。当地习惯，从十六日开始，只要全寨薅完秧，本寨的龙船便可下水。因此，从龙船下水的早晚，可以看出各寨的农事生产进度。在勤劳的苗家人民心中，龙船节到了，地里的秧还未薅完，这是莫大的耻辱。
节日期间，家家户户酿米酒，包粽粑，走亲访友，宴请宾朋。出嫁的姑娘必须携带粽粑，鹅鸭等礼物回娘家，同父母兄妹团聚。
龙船出发之前，一位歌师6唱首吉祥歌，祝愿船只平安。
每只龙船都有一位鼓头。他是一切活动的主持者7，由全寨推选出来的德高望重的老人担任。鼓头身着长袍马褂，坐在龙颈上击鼓发令8，男扮女装的鼓锣手，由十岁左右的孩童充任。四十位水手，头戴特制的马尾斗笠，身着青布上衣9，士林蓝裤子，腰系银饰花带，手握五尺木桨，整齐划一，甚是威武。那马尾斗笠，原是清水江上游苗族姑娘出嫁时的陪嫁品，却成了龙船节水手们必备的一件装饰物。
第四单元体育
Basketball Legend1 Michael Jordan Retires
Chicago?s most famous figure2before the 1980s was the gangster, Al “Scar-face” Capone. But in the last two decades Chicago Bulls basketball star Michael Jordan has knocked the legendary crime boss3 from his pedestal. 4 Almost single-handedly, Jordan turned Chicago?s image on its head, 5 as the city on the shore of Lake Michigan moved from crime capital to basketball capital of America.6Jordan is widely regarded as the sport?s7 greatest player, and his retirement announcement in early 19998 came as a blow to the sport and to his millions of fans in America and around the world.
His athleticism and fierce competitiveness frightened his opponents, but his graciousness made him an American and international icon. He is most famous as the face9of Nike, the athletics shoe and clothing company whose products he has endorsed10 for the past decade.
Jordan quickly became a multi-millionaire, thanks to lucrative product endorsement deals11
such as his Nike promotion. As his fortune grew he put money back into the community, creating a foundation12to fund athletics facilities and other projects for children from the inner city of Chicago, his adopted home 13 . Jordan is reported to be the celebrity with whom most American children feel most comfortable, and American adults once placed him fifth on a list of all-time “most respected news-makers”. 14
Over his career, Jordan captured 10 consecutive scoring15 titles. His jumping ability at goal was matched by16 excellent court and team play. Jordan retired from the club and the game17 in 1993, in pursuit of a dream to play baseball18, but he returned to the basketball court and the Chicago Bulls in 1995.
In 1996 he was named one of the 50 greatest players in history.
我对于运动会1的感想
胡适
我到美国入大学校后，第一次去看我们大学和别的大学的足球竞争(Football，此系另一种很激烈的足球，与中国现行2的不同)。入场券卖每人美金二元3，但看的人竟有几千人之多。每到紧要关头，几千人同声喊着本校的“呼声”(yell)以鼓励场中的武士4。有受伤的球员，扶下场时，大家也喊着“呼声”祝贺5他，安慰他。我第一次观场，看见那野蛮的奋斗6，听着那震耳的“呼声”，实在不惯；心里常想：这真是罗马时代的角抵和斗兽7的遗风，很不人道的。
但是场中叫喊的人，不但是少年男女，还有许多白发的老教授，——我的植物教习罗里教授就坐在我的附近，——也拼命的喊着助威的“呼声”! 我心里更不明白了!
但是我以后还去看过几次，看到第三次，我也不知不觉的站起来，跟着8我们的同学们拼命的喊那助威的“呼声”!
难道我被那野蛮的遗风同化了吗? 不是的；我渐渐把我从中国带去的“老人意态”丢开了；我也变少年了!
我在北京大学住9了五年，不知不觉的又被中国学生的“斯文样子”同化了，我的“老人意态”又差不多全回来了。
今天忽然听说北京大学要开一个运动会，这个消息使我很高兴。我的记忆力使我回到十二年前跟着大家10大呼大喊的时候11，我很想再有同样的机会使我弹去一点“老态”。我希望许多同学都来这运动会场上尝尝少年的高兴，——把那斯文的老景暂时丢在讲堂上或寄宿舍里!
第五单元名胜古迹
The Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower was built for the International Exhibition of Paris of 1889 commemorating the centenary of the French Revolution. Of the 700 proposals submitted in a design competition, Gustave Eiffel?s was unanimously chosen. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII of England, opened the tower1.
However it was not accepted by all at first, and a petition of 300 names—including those of Maupassant, Emile Zola, Charles Garnier (architect of the Opéra Garnier), and Dumas the Younger—protested its construction.
At2300 metres (320.75m including antenna), and 7000 tons, it was the world?s tallest building until 1930.
It was almost torn down3 in 1909, but was saved because of its antenna—used for telegraphy at that time. Beginning in 1910 it became part of the International Time Service. French radio (since 1918), and French television (since 1957) have also made use of its stature4.
During its lifetime, the Eiffel Tower has also witnessed a few strange scenes, including being scaled by a mountaineer in 1954, and parachuted off5in 1984 by two Englishmen. In 1923 a journalist rode a bicycle down from the first level. Some accounts say he rode down the stairs, other accounts suggest the exterior of one of the tower?s four legs which slope outward6.
However, if7 its birth was difficult, it is now completely accepted and must be listed as one of the symbols of Paris itself.
黄山
黄山位于安徽省南部，是国家重点风景名胜区。1
黄山占地约154平方公里，有72个重要山峰。2自古以来，无数游客被她的美丽和奇观所吸引，人称“天下名景集黄山”3，“黄山归来不看岳”。
黄山前山以三主峰为首，分别是莲花峰、光明顶和天都峰。天都峰是最险峻的山峰，最险处在“鲫鱼背”，它实是一块狭长石岗，长约20米，宽约1米。纯石无土，中央隆起，形如鱼背。岗上山风强劲，两侧万丈深渊，时有迷雾扑来，颇多险中之趣4。登顶可见大字石刻：“登峰造极”5！
莲花峰海拔1,873米，是黄山最高峰。此峰状如莲花，登上峰顶，直觉顶天立地6。光明顶海拔1841米，是黄山第二高峰，山顶平旷7，视野开阔，幸运之时可看到“日华”奇观——云海之上，一轮内紫外红的美丽光环显现在太阳周围，由于这轮光环，光明顶也因此得名。
狮子峰、始信峰和西海群峰是黄山后山诸峰中最精彩的景点。狮子峰好像是上苍的杰作8，有“天然图画”、“面面受奇”的石刻，有“说也不信，到者方知”的名联，有“不到狮子峰，不见黄山踪”的评语。始信峰小巧秀丽，奇松挂壁，雾漫峰尖，云飘谷底。西海群峰千姿百态，云雾飘渺、万壑深渊，似有群仙游荡，变幻莫测。9
黄山还以奇松、怪石、云海、温泉“四绝”闻名中外。
第六单元新闻
Al-Qaeda Plotted1 New Attacks on the US
Key A1-Qaeda officials, possibly including Ayman al-Zawahiri, the No. 2 to Osama bin Laden, were present in the fortified Shah-i-Kot caves of this region just before the recent US attacks.
Local villagers, who spoke on2the condition that their village not be identified3, provided details on how they were recruited to blast4 a new network of caves for these fighters—who were formulating plans for additional terrorist attacks on the US—and to provide an escape route for later use.
If the villagers are to be believed, the A1-Qaeda base that was attacked but not destroyed by Operation Anaconda included computers, satellite phones, maps of major American cities, and pictures of huge US bridges. 5
The tales6 that A1-Qaeda?s temporary labor force tell are unsettling on many levels7. They suggest that some US intelligence sources have been double-dealing them8. They suggest that the local population—who will be crucial in any campaign to route out A1-Qaeda from this harsh and formidable mountain range—is feeling torn between the US and their Muslim brothers who are calling them to join in a jihad9 against the dominance of infidels.
Several of the men interviewed say that the fighters were extremely deferential to the apparent leader on site, a portly, bespectacled man who was referred t o as either the “sheikh” or the “doctor.” A local mullah here, who served as a foreman for several of the villagers he helped recruit, says the leader was probably Mr. Zawahiri, an Egyptian doctor who is Mr. bin Laden?s right-hand man, because his face matches the picture on flyers10 that were dropped over this area by American planes a while back11.
The men also say that they overheard a live address12—via satellite phone —to all the A1-Qaeda troops by a man they referred to as “al Qaed,” or the leade r. The workers13 believe it was bin Laden, but cannot be sure.
“When we were there, they were joking with us, saying: …We will strike the Pentagon from these mountains?,” says Ahmad Wazir, an unemployed father14 in grime-blasted clothes.
The apparent ease15with which the A1-Qaeda and Taliban fugitives built themselves a comfortable new network of hideouts—embedded in rocky mountainsides that will be much more difficult to destroy than the caves of Tora Bora—raises questions about the effectiveness of allied intelligence in a war that many Afghans say the US is far from winning.
密云县踩死挤伤游人事故死者身份确定
信报讯2月5日19时40分许，在密云县密虹公园举办的第二届迎春灯展活动中发生踩死挤伤游人事故。
事故发生后，在市委市政府的组织下，市公安局局长马振川等领导立即赶往现场组织先期处置工作1，调动足够警力维持秩序，全力疏散群众，并协助相关部门抢救受伤人员以及做好其他善后处理工作2。同时，立即依法展开了相关调查工作。经工作了解3，本届灯展于1月31日开展后，每日约有2000名群众前往游园观灯，现场秩序良好4。2月5日晚因元宵节游人大量增多，19时许有人传言在灯展现场要燃放礼花，因此吸引密虹公园白河东岸的游人争相通过公园内仅3米宽的彩虹拱桥，造成过桥游人骤增。在公园维护秩序的执勤民警和城管大队人员5立即封闭拱桥两侧，并疏散桥上游人。19时40分许，桥面西侧6的
台阶上一游人突然摔倒7，引起桥上大量游人拥挤发生踩踏，造成60多名游人跌倒，致使拱桥两侧的栏杆变形。事后，在现场勘查时发现游人摔倒处的台阶金属护角因磨损已翘起8。目前其他各项调查工作仍在进行中。
这次事故共造成52人伤亡。在死亡的37人中，本市密云县25人，顺义区1人，外省11人（河北省8人，河南省、安徽省、黑龙江省各1人）；受伤的15人全部为本市密云县人。死亡者男9人，女28人，其中14岁以下未成年人7人，60岁以上老年人4人。
第七单元环境
Our Planet Faces Meltdown1
John Ingham
Global warming is heating the planet twice as quickly as previously feared2.
Temperatures could soar by nearly 6℃this century—faster than at any time in the past 10,000 years, warns a UN report released recently.
In the past 100 years the Earth?s temperature rose by only 0.6℃. But the last decade of the 20th century was the warmest on record.
Talks to cut emissions3by five per cent collapsed in the Hague several months ago. The report warns that a temperature rise of up to 5.8℃, with the warming of the oceans and melting of polar icecaps, will force sea levels to rise by as much as 3ft, making tens of millions of people in Bangladesh and Egypt homeless4. Parts of lowland Britain are also at risk.
Scientists believe the predicted rise, which will bring storms, floods and droughts, will be partly due to a reduction in air pollution.5 The report was issued at a meeting in Shanghai attended by experts from 99 countries.
A pollution clean up will be partly to blame for such a temperature rise. A reduction in emissions of sulphur dioxide, which causes acid rain, has increased the impact of greenhouse gases. These gases trap the sun?s heat whereas su lphur dioxide cools the atmosphere.
The UN?s International Panel on Climate Change called on governments to step up efforts to curb global warming by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, which are produced by burning fossil fuels6.
British scientist Professor Sir John Houghton said: “The six degrees7depends on just how much fossil fuel we burn this next century. If we burn less, then the increase will be less.”
Roger Higman, spokesman for environment campaigners Friends of the Earth, said the report was “terrifying”.
绿化未来1(一)
在中国，每个青年要求每年种一棵树。我年年参加这一活动。每到春天，我外出植树时，都沉浸在美丽的大自然中。我瞧着2蓝天，瞧着远处的青山，瞧着绿叶反射过来的灿烂的阳光。我们开始干活时，把每一棵小树苗都看作一条生命。我们小心地在树苗的根部培土，让它喝足水3。在我心目中，大自然就是我们的母亲；我们是她的儿女，应当热爱她，照看她。
去年夏天，长江流域发生的特大洪灾祸及整个中国东南部，淹没了成百上千座村庄，夺去了成千上万人的生命4。然而，与此同时，北方黄河流域的人民正遭受着空前的干旱。一连两百多天，黄河没有一滴水流进大海5。就在这年夏天，我乘火车从南向北，跨过这两大河流。在长江，大雨滂沱，波涛汹涌，小船在狂涛中颠簸6。而在跨越黄河时，只见河床干涸，渡船静静地搁在河床上。我见了这两河流域截然相反的景象，感到痛心疾首。造成洪涝与干旱的原因相似：数十年来，我们一直在两大河流的中上游砍伐树木。
大自然造就了我们的文明。我们来自大自然，在她的哺育下成长，然而我们却常常喜欢将自己看成大自然的主人。我们一直试图征服她，让她成为我们的奴隶。结果，大自然痛苦地痉挛，空气不再新鲜，水源不再清洁，土壤不再肥沃。我们虐待大自然，现在正在受到惩罚7。我们明白了8，我们不应再继续虐待大自然，不应再将我们的财富建筑在她的赐予上。相反，我们应该照看好我们的母亲大自然，就像她照看我们一样。
实用文体翻译
学习心得：翻译——找到原语的所指 在顾维勇教授的引领下，我们共同学习了这篇对“十一五”规划教材《商务英语翻译》误译译例进行批判性研究，翻译——找到原语所指此篇论文。突出强调的是在学习的过程中，我们大家在对实用文体翻译有了更深层次的认识。即实用文体翻译是一项十分严肃的工作，倘若在翻译的过程中没有找到真正的原语所指，只是对其字面意思的解释，那么译者也就会和原语作者想要表达的语气、问题、语用含义等相背道而驰了。 在顾维勇教授的这篇论文中，他选择在“十一五”规划教材《商务英语翻译》中三个大方向（1、同意词语叠用2、句子结构的理解3、复数问题4、专业术语和行话）出现严重误译的30个误例，强调了在实用文体翻译过程中，找出原语“所指”是至关重要的。以下是本人通过学习了翻译——找到原文的所指，结合实例后表达的个人的拙见。 在英汉两种语言都有同义词叠用现象。这些同义词的叠用是为了表达趋同或者趋异的意思。 例1As part owner, you benefit by receiving part of the profits or dividends and sharing in the growth of the values of the company. 原译：作为该公司的部分拥有者，你的道德实惠就是，收获公司的部分利润和红利。（李明，2011：71） 很明显此处的profits or dividends属于同义词叠用“趋同” 现象，表示利润的含义。而译者没有在专业术语的层面上准确表达原文作者想要表达的真正语义，将这对在意义上“趋同”的一对同义词独自分开，翻成了利润或红利。 例2Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 原译：商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动，创造利润和经济盈余。（李明，2011：94） 同样，原文译者对此处profit or economic surplus的理解仅仅停留在其字面意思，并没有结合真正的商务情景和商务专业知识找到原文的所指。此处同样是属于同义词叠用中意义“趋同”现象。都是表达
实用文体翻译
实用文体翻译 期末整理根据老师PPT整理而成供学弟学妹们复习使用~~ 一、翻译标准 1、以译出语或译入语为取向的翻译原则 2、直译与意译 重点难点： A，He had the agility of a man half his age.他像岁数比他小一半的人那样敏捷。B，Every dog has its day.人人皆有得意之日。 C，Cast pearls before swine. 对牛弹琴 D，They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼命逃跑，连吃奶的力气都用上了。 二、英汉差别 1、真朋友&假朋友 2、转换：译者将大脑中分析好的语言材料——具有原语深层结构形式的一串词语——转换为具有译语深层结构的一串词语。 3、重构：将已经转换为译语深层结构的一串词语，为着符合译语惯用的表层结构形式、更好地表达原文内容、更好地体现原文功能与风格的目标，重新排列、连接或删除。 4、英汉差异 ——句子扩展模式 中：句首开放性和句尾封闭性英：句首封闭性，句尾开放性 ——形合和意合 中：意合英：形合 5、“核心句分析法”，即把英语复杂句分解为语义相对完整的只包含单个主谓框架(即只包含一个谓语动词)的多个句子——核心句，分析各个核心句间的语义逻辑关系，然后用合乎译语表达习惯的排列方式对各核心句进行重构。 按照汉语（一）先发生先说后发生后说，（二）先说事实，后说评价，（三）先说因后说果（以及先说条件后说推断、先说手段后说目的、先说反面后说正面等）的原则，并使用适当的省略、重复、代称等，把核心句翻译成汉语。 重点难点： A,阴（the soft, inactive, female principle or force in the world）
实用文体翻译1 (5)
浅谈对实用文体翻译的理解 商英转本1班 13020706 蔡来银 通过前几节顾老师实用文体翻译课上的讲解，我对翻译的理解又上升了一个层面。语言是传递信息和交流情感的手段，是现如今人们实现社会交际的工具。所谓“文体”是指在语言交际中，随着交际环境、交际方式、交际对象和交际目的等因素的变化，各交际方会选择具有不同功能的表现手段。由于各国语言上的差异，翻译成为必不可少的环节，它使世界上不同语言的人得以相互交流，相互了解。翻译，是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。它是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另外一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。 上两节课顾老师重点给我们讲解了实用文体翻译的“文体意识”，可分为术语对等意识，复数意识，专业知识意识和词语组合意识。顾老师特别指出在商务文体的翻译过程中，文体意识尤为重要，这一点很值得即将毕业步入社会工作的我们给予重视。翻译商务文体时，我们必须具有过硬的商贸业务知识，包括原语和目标语言。否则翻译后的不仅文章不准确不够专业，给读者以困扰，甚至会对现实商务交易中造成不好的影响及结果而影响正常交易。 顾老师特别提醒在翻译实践中，经常会遇到一些十分普通的词语，但他们常常是十分专业的术语，如果翻译时没有对等意识的话，那么就很容易译错。如：call 术语为“赎回”，call price意为赎回价格；而call的另一术语为“买权/进”，如：call of more option 多选择买权。在术语对等意识中，老师还提到了“reserves”在不同语境下的翻译，如在货物中，它译为“储备量”；而在钱物方面，就变成了“储备额”。 在商务文体翻译中，专业知识的意识也是不容小觑的。译者如果仅有扎实的语言功底，没有较好的专业知识，那么译文很有可能就不符合实用文体的表达要求。在缺乏专业知识的情况下，译者对“术语”、“行话”的表达就不可能做到地道和对应。所以，从某种意义上来说，做好实用文体翻译的核心意识是做好专业知识的意识。书中43页李月菊09年发表的论文例句中的STOWAGE INSTRUCTIONS 是外贸运输中的一个专业概念，根据原文语境可译为“配/积载指令”。英语STOWAGE有双重释义，既可指“配载”，也可指“积载”。前者一般回答where to be stowed的问题，是指将货物分配到各个船舱或舱面；而后者一般回答how to be stowed的问题，是指货物堆装。这是不同阶段中的两项不同的活动。 总之，实用文体翻译是高标准、高要求的活动。作为商英专业的学生，在提高英语能力的同时，我们也要努力学好商务专业知识，争取做一名合格到位的译者。
实用翻译教程
?T ranslation A Practical Course ?实用翻译教程 ?外贸信函措辞问题 一、汉语“请”字的英译 在中文外贸信函里，凡是向对方提出某种要求，出于礼貌往往都得用上个“请”字，因此，“请”字了也许可以说是中文外贸信函使用频率最高的词语。 说到汉语里的“请”字，凡
是懂点英语的人，都会联想到“please”。随手翻开汉英或英汉词典，“请”与“please”也似乎是绝对相等之词。但翻译并不如此简单，若不知变通，或图省力，每次“对号入座”，定出差错。高明的译者，必是依据具体的情景，采用不同的词汇和句法手段。请看下面各种不同的情况“请”字的变译法：1.请告我方交货日期与付款要求。 译文：Please let us know your delivery date and conditions of payment. 2.请将两份提单由不同的邮班寄来，同时开来30天汇票以
便承兑。 译文：Kindly send us 2 Bills of Lading by separate posts, together with your draft at 30 days for acceptance. 3.请从速办理本订单为荷。 译文：Your prompt attention to this order would be appreciated . 4.请寄贵公司产品图解目录一份为荷。 译文：It would be
appreciated if you would send us an illustrated catalog of your manufactures. 5.请报50吨花生实盘。 译文：We shall appreciate it if you will make us a firm offer for 50 tons of peanuts. 6.请告你方市场详情。 译文：We shall be grateful/ obliged if you can provide us with all possible information on your
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章 翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】
第5章翻译常用的八种技巧 5.1 重译法 一、英译汉 1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. 【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。 2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution. 【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。 3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges. 【译文】运河是交通的动脉，开运河不是为了走游艇，而是为了通行驳船。 4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’. 【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。
5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因：第一个原因是向西部的扩展，第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。 6. …for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges. These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming. 【译文】……以便建立农业和工业学院。这些学校一方面是教育机关，另一方面，也是农业科学的研究中心。 7. …This is nothing li ke back home in Colorado. We have rains there, too. Thunderstorms in spring and summer... 【译文】……这跟家乡科罗拉多的情况迥然不同。科罗拉多也下雨。春夏两季雷雨交加……【解析】原文第二句用there代替in Colorado，而译文重复“科罗拉多”。 8. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 【译文】全世界在注视着。全世界在倾听着。全世界在等待着看我们将做些什么。 9. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people.
实用文体翻译作业2
好的广告语翻译： 1. Easier dusting by stre-e-etch.（除尘布） 拉拉拉长，除尘力强。 分析：stretch一词除了作为除尘布的品牌名称“拉长”外，其拼写被别出心裁地拉长的效果，形成感觉上的延伸，这便传达出该词的本意“延伸”，真切而形象地渲染了产品的功效。 2. One good banking ideas in Canada led us to another in London. 加拿大非凡的银行概念，指引我们在伦敦再创辉煌。 分析：该口号在谚语：A good turn deserves another（善有善报）的基础上进行了较大的扩张。该广告的撰写者旁敲侧击巧妙地将加拿大银行暗含其中，而且选用“善有善报”来创新以作为银行的广告口号是再合适不过了，因为它除了本身意思以外，还承载着弦外之音：存款在银行，总会有回报。 3. All work and no play make a dull stay. （Ming Court大饭店） 只工作不玩耍，生活单调无味。 分析：这则口号套用了英语中的一句著名谚语：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy（只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻）。这家大饭店套用那句谚语，意在招徕客人，使他们逗留新加坡时去他们饭店，在那里可以尽情享受，以免旅途成为dull stay。众所周知，新加坡是通行英语的国家，而从事国际事物的人基本上都懂英语，因此，他们很容易明白这则口号个中的涵义，也就有可能投宿这家饭店。 4. One man’s sushi is another man’s steak.（日本航空公司） 寿司牛排，风味不同，任君选择。 分析：该例是日本航空公司对欧洲大陆的广告，即套用了One man’s meat is another man’s poison（一个人的佳肴却是另一个人的毒药）。“寿司”是日本风味的饭卷，而“牛排”则是欧洲的主菜。以此来宣传日本优良的餐饮服务。 5. Where there is a South，there is a way. （南方科技咨询服务公司） 有了南方，就有了办法。 分析：该广告套用了英语中常见的一句谚语：“Where there is a will，there is a way.”。译文只换了一词，但因与公司特点挂了钩，恰到好处，韵味无穷，给顾客的印象是这家“咨询公司”的办法的确不少。 不好的广告语翻译： 1. Mount Bagong Tofu is in vogue all the ages, white and jade pure, like fine-congealed grease, delicate, and tasty and secretion. 八公豆腐，老幼皆宜，洁白如玉，爽滑如油，味美可口，让人垂涎三尺。 分析：grease在英语中主要是指工业润滑油，不适合用来翻译“爽滑如油”。Secretion是一个医学用语，翻译“垂涎三尺”不适宜，不能更好地表达原意。 2. It won’t leak in your pocket and embarrass you. （派克笔） 它不会在你口袋里漏油，令你尴尬。 分析：在西班牙语中，embarrass是“使怀孕”的意思，不能替代英语“使尴尬”的意思。但是派克公司当时在墨西哥推广产品时却将其误用，导致这则广告成了笑料。
实用英汉翻译教程答案
实用英汉翻译教程答案 【篇一：大学英语实用翻译教程练习答案】 s=txt>第二章第一节 练习一：p10 一、 1．保护人类基因健康是个比较严峻的问题，但这不过是问题的一 个方面而已。 2．这些是科学家和技术专家研制的机器和产品。 3．科学已成为力量的一种源泉，不只是适宜于幻想的题材了。 4．建造和装饰宫殿、教堂和寺院的款项都由经商的富户承担支付。 5．查理一世和下议院的争吵已到了紧要关头，后来内战爆发，并 在白厅把斯图尔特王朝的君主送上了断头台。 6．在开辟第二战场之前，美国步兵精神饱满，营养充足，还没有 在战斗中受过创伤。 练习二：p16 一、 1．已经拟就一张至今已教过的所有动词的表。 2．每天从全国各地传来各行各业取得伟大成就的消息。 3．城乡之间的差别依然存在。 4．那一年，建立了旨在促进研究和试验的英国航空学会。 5．这里出版的报纸谴责侵略者屠杀大批无辜人民。 6．凡是成功的科学家常常把注意力集中在他发现尚未得到满意解 答的问题上。 练习三：p19 1．所有植物组织和动物组织主要由碳化合物、水和少量的矿物质组成。 2．他们并不认为有必要提供学生经常使用的名词化规则和构造使役句的规则。 3．各种族集团的文化特性、民间传说、神话和信仰都是根据文化进化规律起源于每一个集团的内部。 4．个别国家的科学努力可能将由跨国机构来进行统一和协调。 5．解放前，这个城市的垃圾和苍蝇一向无人过问，结果经常发生地方性病疫。
6．他是美国印第安人作家、演讲家和争取印第安人权利运动的活动家。 第二章第二节 练习一：p26 一、 1．我原先以为这部机器不过是一种没有什么价值的玩具。 2．第二天一早，饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后，他们便动身了。 3．你愿意别人如何待你，你就应该如何待别人。 4．这部打印机真是物美价廉。 5．我七岁时就会织毛衣。 6．钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。 二、 1．he who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 2．before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. 3．the ear is the organ which is used for hearing. the nose is used for smelling. and the tongue is used for tasting. 4. modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 5．as it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night. 6．internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse. 练习二：p30 一、 1．勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。 2．她苏醒过来，看见周围一张张笑脸。 3．柯达321a型微胶片阅读器操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观。 4．海洋与其说是分隔了世界，不如说是连接了整个世界。 5．他这次旅行既有军事上的目的，又有政治上的目的。 6．我希望这次会议不要开得太久，太久了只会浪费时间。 二、
实用汉英翻译教程 参考答案
Beidaihe Seaside Resort The Beidaihe Seaside Resort, a famous summer resort in China, lies 15 kilometers southwest of Qinghuangdao. With the Bohai Sea to its south and the Lianfeng Mountains to its north, the resort enjoys a long coastline, fine beaches and a calm sea, ideal for bathing. Moreover, the weather at the seaside is mild all the year round with the temperature in the hottest month averaging only 23°C. The sea wind by day and the land breeze by night make the place a best summer vacationland. The natural charm of Beidaihe is breathtaking. The East and West Lianfeng Mountains with their luxurious pines and cypresses and grotesque rocks extend far into the distance. In front of the mountains lies a vast expense of ocean stretching to the horizon while beautiful villas and buildings dot the green landscape. On the East Lianfeng Mountain, a rock looks just like a lotus flower, and two other rocks on the West Lianfeng Mountain, standing face to face, resemble two persons having a conversation. Meng Jiangnu Temple Meng Jiangnu Temple, 6.5 kilometers to the east of Shanhaiguan Pass, was first built in 1594, the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Legend has it that the husband of a women named Meng Jiangnu was sent to work on the Great Wall. To bring him winter clothes, Meng Jiangnu came to Shanghaiguan Pass from thousands of miles away. When she was told that her husband had died at work, she cried her heart out. Her tears of anguish bust the Great Wall and she jumped into the sea and died. Later, a temple was built in memory of her. It stands on the top of a hill, with stone steps leading to it. There are two halls in the temple. In the front hall stands the clay statue of Meng Jiangnu in plain white clothes, facing the sea with a sorrow look. In the rear hall is the statue of the Goddess of Mercy. Behind the hall is the “Rock of Waiting for the Husband”, the marks on which are said to be Meng Jiangnu’s footp rints. Nearby stands her Dressing Pavilion. Beijing-Toronto Hotel/Jinglun Hotel Beijing-Toronto is located on Jiangguomenwai Avenue, downtown Beijing, in the vicinity of the embassy quarters, Friendship Store and a number of major commercial buildings, with the world-famous Tian An Men Square only ten minutes away. Beijing-Toronto has 659 spacious rooms and suites, with wide comfortable beds. They are all equipped with modern facilities such as central air-conditioning, color TV with satellite transmitted programs, IDD and DDD calls and mini-bars, meeting international standards. In our room, one cannot help but feel cozy, comfortable and satisfied.
实用文体翻译1 (7)
对实用文体翻译的认识 对于实用文体翻译这门课程一开始并不了解，也并没有想到这门课程有如此深的学问，虽然到目前为止上课次数并不多，但却使我受益匪浅。 实用文体翻译这门课程对于我们商务英语专业的学生来讲更像是及时雨一般，给我们打开了商务英语翻译新世界的大门。虽然老师一开始在课堂上讲的东西我们还不怎么了解，但是在老师的讲解后，都恍然大悟。对于我来讲，实用文体翻译是一门非常具有实践性与实用性的课程，也是一门需要更多的耐心的知识去揣摩的学问。 语言是交流的工具,而翻译则是沟通的桥梁。实用文体翻译作为翻译的一种,其特点是实用性很强,不管用于什么目的,都有很强的针对性。当今世界是一个全球化的社会,信息的流通是全球性的,因此实用文体翻译的重要性由此突显了出来。由于文体的不同，翻译也具有不同的类型。文体就是在特定的交际领域。通过有目的地选择所产生的表现手段和表达方式的总体。它是在历史上形成的，同时被整个社会所接受的完整体系。它分为文学文体和应用文体。而我们专业主要涉及商务文体的翻译。 通过这门课程，我学习到学习实用文体翻译切忌不懂装懂，在翻译过程中，要学会结合实际情况和语言表达习惯，不能生搬硬套，这样不仅会使翻译出来的内容理解困难，甚至改变原文所要表达的意思。当然，实用文体翻译并不是一个只要词汇量达到完美效果的一种翻译，也就是说实用文体翻译并不是说只要勤查词典就能够解决问题的一件事情，而是需要对于你所要翻译的文体所在领域有足够的了解，甚至精通，也要从实践中理解词汇在实用文体中意思。比如我们商务英语专业，在商务文体的翻译中，文体意识尤为重要。商务文体的翻译者必须具有过硬的商贸业务知识，包括源语与译语。否则翻译后的不仅文章不准确不够专业，给读者以困扰，更甚会对现实商务交易中造成不好的影响及结果而影响正常交易。商务文体翻译需要较高的商务文体理解能力以及商务专业知识，既要理解正确，表达也要正确。切不可望文生义，理所当然的翻译出个单词的常用语义或表面字义。在翻译的过程中，我们会遇到一些非常普通常用的词汇，但是在商务文体中出现时它的意义就会发生变化，不可依旧以常义理解，一定要把词汇放在特定的句子中理解，表达出其的商务意义。这就体现了对商务知识了解的重要性。 总之，实用文体翻译对译者的要求比较高，要求翻译者有较强的专业知识和较高的文体理解意识，因此对于我们商务英语专业的学生来讲也要加强商务知识的学习和专业领域的深入了解，这样才能使我们在将来的工作中将商务文体翻译工作做到最好。
《实用翻译教程》习题
《实用翻译教程》习题库 单选题 第一章导论 1.以下不是决定翻译质量的因素的是________。 A.外语水平 B.汉语水平 C.知识水平 D.态度作风 2.翻译用________语言进行的活动。 A.一种 B.两种 C.三种 D.四种 3.在外汉翻译时，外语的重要性主要体现在________上。 A.能力水平 B.知识水平 C.理解 D.态度 4.在汉外翻译时，外语的重要性主要体现在________上。 A.理解 B.表达 C.能力 D.态度 5.所谓科学是知识，那么教学的目的在于________。 A.知识的传授 B.能力的培养 C.信息的传递 D.信息的传播 6.把________上升为理论就是翻译理论。 A.知识 B.规律 C.技巧 D.经验 7.翻译不是________。 A.技巧 B.科学 C.知识 D.艺术 8.下列情况中，不属于翻译“技巧”没有涉及的内容________。 A.用词不当 B.语言结构不同 C.词的搭配不同 D.语言不当 9.不是用来解决提高翻译质量的问题的是________。 A.知识问题 B.性质问题 C.标准问题 D.翻译过程中的实际问题 10.翻译技巧是只人们从事多年翻译工作的________。 A.知识积累 B.技巧掌握 C.经验总结 D.时间累积 11.由于翻译技巧是________，进行翻译教学应该是有理论又有实践，二者紧密结合。 A.科学 B.知识 C.经验 D.规律 12.所谓技巧，是指学习的目的是为了获得某种________。 A.科学知识 B.学习规律 C.技能技巧 D.经验总结 13.make money的准确翻译应为________。 A.造钱 B.用钱 C.花钱 D.挣钱 14.培养良好的翻译作风，即解决________问题，则是翻译课的一项重要任务。 A.知识水平 B.汉语水平 C.工作态度 D.外语水平 15.汉语水平更主要的是体现在________上。 A.汉外翻译 B.外汉翻译 C.外语能力 D.汉语能力 16.在知识水平中，所谓知识是指所译材料的有关________。
实用文体翻译1 (9)
对商务文体翻译的理解 翻译是语言交流与沟通的桥梁和纽带，把一种文字翻译成另一种文字，需要我们扎实的功底。以前翻译课上的翻译学习与练习，我们更多学习的是翻译技巧。而《实用文体翻译》让我们对实际商务中的翻译有了更好的理解，大大巩固和提高了大家的英语翻译能力，下面仅为我学习中的一些想法。 首先，我认为译文完整准确是商务翻译的基础。顾教授也认为“准确严谨”是翻译的首要标准，做不到这点就谈不上商务文体。比如，下面例（1）的翻译就不够准确，而例（2）的翻译则不够完整。 （1）The date of receipt issued by transportation department concerned shall be regarded as the delivery of goods. 译文：由有关的运输机构所开具收据的日期即被视为交货日期。 句中的concerned按其字面意思译成“有关的”显得笼统、不够严谨。根据合同内容做具体分析后，可以看出，运输机构和合同货物之间的关系是“承运”的关系。所以译成“由承运的运输机构所开具收据的日期即被视为交货日期”更能揭示其实质意义。 （2）Payment: By irrevocable L／C at sight to reach the sellers 30 days before the time of shipment. 译文：支付：不可撤销的即期信用证装船前30天开到卖方。 改译为：支付：买方应在装船前30天将不可撤销的即期信用证开到卖方。 译文完全照原文字面翻译，从内容上显得不够完整，未能恰当体现出原文中买方和卖方的关系。改译通过添加原文表面没有、实际却隐含的成分使译文完整、内容清楚，体现合同文字的严密性，便于合同读者的准确理解。 其次，译文的通顺着重体现在“条理清楚”上，特别是在处理长句、复杂句时更加如此。为了尽量容纳更多的信息量，同时提供的信息既完整又严密，商务原文中的英语句式结构一般多为复杂的长句。在不影响原文意义的条件下，译文应尽量用规范的语言表达方式，使译文通顺明晰。例如（3）： （3）The Buyer shall make a claim against the Seller (including replacement of the goods) by the further inspection certificate and all the expenses incurred therefrom shall be borne by the Seller. 译文：如果买方向卖方提出索赔（包括换货），并出具相应的检验证明，卖方将支付全部费用。 改译为：买方须凭复检证明书向卖方提出索赔（包括换货），由此引起的全部费用应由卖方负担。 译者对原文陈述的事实条理没有弄清楚，将买方提出索赔的依据“凭检验证
英汉汉英实用翻译教程
一、汉译英部分 1.道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。 ?Tao Te Ching - The Way of Life - The Wisdom of Ancient China ?The tao that can be described is not the eternal Tao. ?The name that can be spoken is not the eternal Name. The Way that can be told of is not an Unvarying Way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. 2.子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？” ?The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? ?"Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? ?"Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?" ?The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue." 曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？” The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether,in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher." 3. 子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。” ...子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。” The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men." …The Master said, "Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous." 子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。” The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others." 4. 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 In ancient times those who wanted to learn would seek out a teacher, one who could propagate the doctrine, impart professional knowledge, and resolve doubts. Since no one is born omniscient, who can claim to have no doubts? If one has doubts and is not willing to learn from a teacher, his doubts will never be resolved. Anyone who was born before me and learned the doctrine before me is my teacher. Anyone who was born after me and learned the doctrine before me is also my teacher. Since
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案
汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.
实用文体翻译整理
实用文体翻译整理扬州大学：顾维勇 031413103 张志伟 英语翻译 外国语学院
1.术语对等意识---------------------------------------------------约定俗成的行话 2.复数意识 3.专业知识意识 例如：举一些都看得懂，但是没有专业知识就翻译不出的行话 Firm offer实盘non-firm offer虚盘 Cap上限floor下限ceiling封顶 Call【术】赎回；买权/进call or put买权或卖权（COP） Particular average单独海损general average共同海损 Lot在外卖运输中是货票的意思 商务英语中handle翻译为“作业”，即装卸货作业 Less handling作业量小 Corporation和company中，corporation是比较官方的，company有合伙人的意思。但是，Ltd.co是目前责任有限公司的官方书写模式，约定俗成。-------------------------------------《实用文体翻译》顾维勇P68-69 广告体翻译特点： 1.吸引力（抓住眼球） 2.创新（陈词滥调谁要看你？） 3.说服力（骗你来，要你买，挣你钱） 4.影响力（装逼） 手法：押韵、双关、对比、夸张、拟、喻、重复 借用傲慢与偏见来装个逼： There’s no pride in prejudice(某英国报刊广告：想说本报刊公正客观) 借用An apple a day keeps the doctor away装个逼： A Mars a day keeps you work, rest and play.(Mar s相当于咬一口之类的巧克力棒，憨豆来做过广告，一咬就精力十足的说~) 旅游文本翻译的特点： 1.词汇量大（天文地理，无所不涉及） 2.知识面宽广（宗教、民俗、禁忌、神话等等） 3.文化层次多元（旅游就是跨文化交际的一种形式，遇到此类文本翻译，必须 查当地的文化背景） 4.措辞讲究（优美的大词，装逼装到飞起来） 5.语言明快幽默（不能像Chinadaily那样太官方，不过我国基本都是很官方的 翻译···坑到没话说） 6.引用古诗词（自己的话不够描述，往往引用古诗词来装逼，总是给翻译出难 题）