英语论文 在翻译句子成分的顺序调整
The Sequential Adjustment of Sentence
elements in Translation
I. Introduction
English and Chinese, two kinds of languages are ever changing in the aspects of sentences construction, phrases' preface and arrangement and expresson habit, etc. (supgested by，Ma 152). Therefore the writer holds that in handling with translation if you want to translate English into Chinese or Chinese into English randomly and stiffly only according to the original language preface and arrargement, which easily makes translating, written language unclear and influent in understanding difficultly the meaning and which makes the written works flaw and unsuccessfuly. Under this condition, fransformation of translation is the method that adjusting the places of langnage arrangement according to the habit of expression and grammar etc. In order to complete translation task efficiently and perfectly, some discrimination between Chinese and English in grammar and expressive habit should be farmiliar to us and some sequential adjustment of sentence elements is necessary in
II. In Chinese-English translation
When Chinese is needed to translate into English, we should give some certain adjustment to the sentence elements. In translating, in order to make the writings' meaning dear and coherent, fluent and smooth, we can't copy the source language order according to Chinese larguage habit of expression. Of ourse, sometimes in Chinese, the order of places of sentence elements are similar to that in English.(suggested by Wang 120) So here We have no more to say about translating on the basis of original texts language style. Then let the writer illustrate that above with examples, when language expression ways are dissimilar, how to proceed the language preface transformation in a few circumstances
A. Places of Attributives
How to settle attributives transformation of langnage position,
when we translate Chinese into English, is a very complicated problem. If it need adjustment or not and how to transform should be decided grammaticaly by English ways of language preface. Now following examples are given to introduce.
(1)英国是第一个承认人民中国的西方大国。
Britain was the first western powor to recognise People's Republic of China.
(2)去年皖北小麦的平均产量超过了历史最高小平。
The average yield of wheat last year in nothern Anhui topped
the highest level in history.
(3)门类齐全、结构合理、能够满足社会消费和整个国民经济发展需要的先进工业。
An advanced industrial system which is complete in range and ration instructure and which meets the needs of consumers and the expansion of the whole economy 32)
(4)农林收到渔布局合理、全等发展、能满足人民生活和工业发展需要的发达的农业。
a developed agricultural system with a rational distribution and all-round development of farming , forestry,animal husbandry sideline occupations and fisheries meeting the needs of the peole and of an expanding industry.
The four exanples above all have more than 2 attributives, regardless of using of a single or several in connectiton, usually they are put in front of the heads in Chinese. But in English as a single word modifies a head, it is often placed after the noun.
1.Before heads
a. One attributive plus heads
In common we put a single attributive in front of the head in English
For example:
① It's a touching film
②He is a Chinese student
③This is a broken glass
b.A series of modifiers plus heads
when a head in a sentence need a series of attributives to modify,Chinese positions are different from English locations. Chinese attributives that are turned into English are some words or phrases or clauses. How to settle their places, putting them before or after the heads ,which should be treated in accordance with English expression ways. Ok, let's discuss these phenomena in detail.
In a Chinese sentence, when several modifiers are connected to modify the head, customarily the sequential places of them are the most substantial modifiers plus the dimensional plus the powerful. But they are completely contrary in English; Furthermore,usualy according to the relation between modifiers and the head their places are decided . The more the attribufives are seperable to the head, the more close they are; If they are hard to say "near" or "far" in relation, we have to place them in accodance with shortness or length of words. The short plus the long is the rule of sequence; Moreover, in a series of modifiers, the pron often is put bofore the others, while "all". or "both" always stand ahead of the others grammaticaly and habitually. So the following illustrations can be given.(suggested by Jia 120)
(1)社会主义的现代化强国
1 2
a modern, powerful socialist country
2 3 1
(2)国际经济新秩序
1 2 3
a new international economic order.
3 1 2
(3)极其光荣伟大的事业
1 2
a great and most glorious cause
2 1
(4) 强大的社会主义工业圆
a powerful industrial sociolist country
1 2 3
(5)马克思主义认识的，不可动摇的基本原则
1 2 3
The unshakable, foundamental marxist episfemologicd principle
2 3 1
(6)一位朝鲜的青年舞蹈家
a young Korean dancer
2 1
(7)几千朵美丽的红玫瑰
1 2 3
Thousands of red beautiful roses
1 3 2
(8)一张木制小园桌
1 2 3
a small round wooden table
2 3 1
(9)党的坚强领导
the strong Party leadership
2 1
(10)一位美国现代优秀作家
1 2 3 4
an outstanding contemporary American writer
1 4 3 2
(11)他所有的朋友
1 2
all his friends
1 2
(12)勤劳勇敢的人民
1 2
a brave hardwoking people
2 1
2. Behind heads
In Chinese-English translation, all English modfiers are not before nouns. Under some special circumstances, words as modifers can or even must be postposed. (suggested by Yu.32)
a. Some special compound prons plus adjectives
Some prons ending with "some","any","every","no"etc.are used to settle ahead of the head in a sentence
For example:
(1)他想找一个可靠的人帮助工作
He wanted to get someone reliable to help in the work
(2)今天报上有什么重要的消息吗？
Is there anything important in today's poper?
(3)咱们到一个安静的地方去。
let's go somewhere quiet.
(4)医生为救病人，尽到一切必要的努力。
The doctor did everything necessary to save the patient.
(5)这个句子没有什么不对的地方
There is nothing wrong with this sentence
(6)这里个稀世珍品
It is somehing rare in the world
b. Heads plus adjectives
Adjectives as predicatives are usually used to settle after heads. (suggested by Dai 87)
For example:
(1)他是当今最伟大的诗人。
He is the greatest poet alive
(2)到场来其中有些外国记者
The guests present included a few foreign nensmen
(3)仅这个委员会就有三名女委员
On this commitee alone there are three women
c. Heads plus special adjectives
when an attributive locating after a noun is a adjective with the end of "ble" or "able", the noun always lies between
"every" or "the only" or "ae adjective superlative" in a English sentence.( suggested by. Lu 75)
For example:
(1)我们一定要用一切可能的办法帮助他们。
We must help them is every way possible
(2)这是这儿能找到的唯一的参考书
This is the only reference book available here.
(3)工人们努力以尽可能快的速度提高产量
The workers are working to increase production at the highest speed possible.
(4)这是能想得出的最好解决办法。
This is the best solution imaginable
d . Heads plus participals or participal phrases
For example:
(1)靠南坐的那人是我们的数学老师
The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher
(2)那位老工人开的机器是上海造的
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai
(3)唱歌的学生多是女生
Most of the students singing are girls
(4)被问的许多村里人都拒绝回答
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer .(Wang272)
e. Heads plus adverbs
Some adverbs refering to direction or place are often used as modifiers after nouns
For example:
(1)这儿的书很好看
The books here are very interesting
(2)那边的那个工厂是我们学校办的
The factory there is run by our school
(3)这是唯一的出路
This is the only way out
(4)他做了一次国外旅行，刚回来
He has just returned from his trip abroad
f. Heads plus prep phrases
For example:
(1)树上的鸟儿在唱歌
The birds in the tree are singing
(2)天上的云很多
The clouds in the sky are heavy
g. In some fixed phrases ( Hua, 200)
For example:
(1)军事法庭
Court Martial
(2)（联合国）秘书长
Secretary General (of the UN)
(3)(世界卫生组织）总干事
Director—General ( of the WHO)
B. Appositives places in sentences
In addition, appositives can also be considered as a kind of attribufives in Chinese-English translation(suggested by Gu,150) The positions of appositives have the same and difference in Chinese-to-English language. The appositives in English customarily come after head words,while in Chinese grammar it is very complex,so some appositives may lie after the heads or before the heads .But when these that are used following the head words were tanslated into English, they usually agree with the original language construction and order.
For example:
(1)我们热烈欢迎你们各条战线上的先进工作者们
We warmly welcome you, advanced workers from various fronts.
(2)我们共产党人
we Communists
(3)他们全体
they all
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英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构（5种） 1、主语+谓语（s+v） 2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p） 3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物） (s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c） 二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语） 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （） He likes dancing. （） Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （） To see is to believe.（） What he needs is a book.（） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu lt. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词 组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
英语专业翻译类论文参考文献
参考文献 一、翻译理论与实践相关书目 谢天振主编. 《当代国外翻译理论导读》. 天津：南开大学出版社，2008. Jeremy Munday. 《翻译学导论——理论与实践》Introducing Translation Studies---Theories and Applications. 李德凤等译. 北京：商务印书馆，2007. 包惠南、包昂. 《中国文化与汉英翻译》. 北京：外文出版社, 2004. 包惠南. 《文化语境与语言翻译》. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司. 2001. 毕继万. 《世界文化史故事大系——英国卷》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2003. 蔡基刚. 《英汉汉英段落翻译与实践》. 上海：复旦大学出版社, 2001. 蔡基刚. 《英汉写作对比研究》. 上海：复旦大学出版社, 2001. 蔡基刚. 《英语写作与抽象名词表达》. 上海：复旦大学出版社, 2003. 曹雪芹、高鄂. 《红楼梦》. 陈定安. 《英汉比较与翻译》. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司, 1991. 陈福康. 《中国译学理论史稿》（修订本）. 上海：上海外语教育出版社. 2000. 陈生保. 《英汉翻译津指》. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司. 1998. 陈廷祐. 《英文汉译技巧》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社. 2001. 陈望道. 《修辞学发凡》. 上海：上海教育出版社, 1979. 陈文伯. 《英汉翻译技法与练习》. 北京：世界知识出版社. 1998. 陈中绳、吴娟. 《英汉新词新义佳译》. 上海：上海翻译出版公司. 1990. 陈忠诚. 《词语翻译丛谈》. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司, 1983. 程希岚. 《修辞学新编》. 吉林：吉林人民出版社, 1984. 程镇球. 《翻译论文集》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社. 2002. 程镇球. 《翻译问题探索》. 北京：商务印书馆, 1980. 崔刚. 《广告英语》. 北京：北京理工大学出版社, 1993. 单其昌. 《汉英翻译技巧》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社. 1990. 单其昌. 《汉英翻译讲评》. 北京：对外贸易教育出版社. 1989. 邓炎昌、刘润清. 《语言与文化——英汉语言文化对比》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 1989. 丁树德. 《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》. 天津：天津大学出版社, 1996. 杜承南等，《中国当代翻译百论》. 重庆：重庆大学出版社, 1994. 《翻译通讯》编辑部. 《翻译研究论文集（1894-1948）》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社. 1984. 《翻译通讯》编辑部. 《翻译研究论文集（1949-1983）》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社. 1984. . 范勇主编. 《新编汉英翻译教程》. 天津：南开大学出版社. 2006. 方梦之、马秉义（编选）. 《汉译英实践与技巧》. 北京：旅游教育出版社. 1996. 方梦之. 《英语汉译实践与技巧》. 天津：天津科技翻译出版公司. 1994. 方梦之主编. 《译学辞典》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社. 2004. 冯翠华. 《英语修辞大全》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 1995. 冯庆华. 《文体与翻译》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2002. 冯庆华主编. 《文体翻译论》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社. 2002. 冯胜利. 《汉语的韵律、词法与句法》. 北京：北京大学出版社, 1997. 冯志杰. 《汉英科技翻译指要》. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司. 1998. 耿占春. 《隐喻》. 北京：东方出版社, 1993.
经典句子翻译100句
精心整理经典句子翻译（一）NAME____ 1. 在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 直到他考试失败他才意识到努力工作的重要性。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 大家应该尽可能的多读书。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 我们应该充分利用好时间去做有用的、富有成效的事。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 我们应该养成一个好习惯，明智地利用时间。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 在过去的10年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 我感觉我会是你们公司所需要的人。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 就我而言,我赞同…的观点 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 11. 在校园内，学生拥有手机的趋势在不断增长。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 我期待与你早日相见。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 如果你有什么问题和请求只管跟我说。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 14. 毫无疑问，玩电子游戏正在成为影响学生学习的最大问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 15. 显然，早该采取一些积极的措施来解决问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 16. 听音乐能让我们感到放松。 ___________________________________________________________________________________
电子信息工程专业毕业论文外文翻译中英文对照翻译
本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译 院（系部）电气工程与自动化 专业名称电子信息工程 年级班级 04级7班 学生姓名 指导老师
Infrared Remote Control System Abstract Red outside data correspondence the technique be currently within the scope of world drive extensive usage of a kind of wireless conjunction technique,drive numerous hardware and software platform support. Red outside the transceiver product have cost low, small scaled turn, the baud rate be quick, point to point SSL, be free from electromagnetism thousand Raos etc.characteristics, can realization information at dissimilarity of the product fast, convenience, safely exchange and transmission, at short distance wireless deliver aspect to own very obvious of advantage.Along with red outside the data deliver a technique more and more mature, the cost descend, red outside the transceiver necessarily will get at the short distance communication realm more extensive of application. The purpose that design this system is transmit cu stomer’s operation information with infrared rays for transmit media, then demodulate original signal with receive circuit. It use coding chip to modulate signal and use decoding chip to demodulate signal. The coding chip is PT2262 and decoding chip is PT2272. Both chips are made in Taiwan. Main work principle is that we provide to input the information for the PT2262 with coding keyboard. The input information was coded by PT2262 and loading to high frequent load wave whose frequent is 38 kHz, then modulate infrared transmit dioxide and radiate space outside when it attian enough power. The receive circuit receive the signal and demodulate original information. The original signal was decoded by PT2272, so as to drive some circuit to accomplish