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【新高考】高三英语语法讲解及练习题：名词

重难点分析

名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能加-s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，这些含义很可能成为高考考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。

一、名词的分类及常见用法

二、名词其他需要注意的几点

1. 名词的数

(1) 复合名词的复数

有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on, passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups, go-betweens）。

(2) 集体名词的数

①有些集体名词只能用作复数，如：cattle, police, people等。注意：people意为“民族、种族”时，有单、复数形式。

②有些集体名词只能用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, equipment, jewellery, mankind

等。

③有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。这样的集体名词有class, family, couple, audience, government, public, committee, crew等。

The whole family are watching TV now. 现在全家人都在看电视。

His family is a big one. 他家是一个大家庭。

(3) 由两部分构成的名词只能用复数形式，如：glasses, trousers, shorts, scissors, gloves, scales, compasses等。

(4) “the + 姓氏的复数”表全家人，如：the Blacks, the Smith, the Wangs等。

(5) 具有双重特性的名词

①意义不同的可数和不可数名词

a room 房间——room空间

a chicken 鸡——chicken 鸡肉

an experience 经历——experience 经验

an agreement 协议——agreement 同意

②单、复数意思不同的名词

arm 手臂——arms 武器

brain 脑——brains 智力

custom 风俗——customs 海关

force 力量——forces 军队

regard 注意；关心——regards 问候

time 时间——times 时代

work 工作——works 作品；工厂

manner 态度——manners 礼貌

spirit 精神——spirits 心情；情绪

content 内容——contents 目录

loss 损失——losses 损失物

condition 状况——conditions 条件

expression 表达——expressions 短语

feeling 感觉——feelings 感情

wood 木头——woods 树林

2. 名词的所有格

(1) 表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加“’s”；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要加“’s”。如：

Li and Ma’s room 李和马共有的房间

Li’s and Ma’s rooms 李和马各自的房间

(2) 表某人的家或店铺、诊所等。如：

Li’s 李家the doctor’s 诊所the barber’s 理发店the butcher’s 肉铺the stationer’s 文具店

(3) 所有格除了用于有生命的事物外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：

China’s prosperity 中国的繁荣

the country’s plan 国家计划

(4) of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。如：

a story of a famous doctor 一个名医的故事

the son of the man you just talked to 刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子

(5) 双重所有格

“of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后名词所有格中的名词必须指人，而且是特指。如：

an old friend of my uncle’s 我叔叔的一位老朋友

a play of Shakespeare’s 莎士比亚的一部戏剧

some houses of my grandfather’s 我爷爷的一些房子

3. 名词作定语

(1) 一般用单数形式。如：

country music 乡村音乐shoe shops 鞋店traffic lights 交通灯

注意：sports, customs, arms, clothes, sales, goods作定语时，要用复数形式。如：

sports meeting 运动会customs officers 海关官员arms production 武器生产

(2) man和woman作定语时，变复数时予中心词一起变。如：

men doctor 男医生women teachers 女老师

考点练透

一、单句填空用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空。

1. There are fifty-six ________ (people) in China.

2. We need much ________ (room) for all the furniture.

3. This kind of dress was popular in the ________ (1980).

4. ________ (girl) students and ________ (woman) teachers in the majority in our school.

5. There used to be a lot of milu ________ (deer) in China.

6. These are art ________ (work) of the Tang Dynasty.

7. ________ (child) shoes are on the second floor of this store department.

8. We can see many ________ (editor-in-chief) present at the conference.

9. I had my hair cut short at the ________ (barber) nearby yesterday.

10. On the whole, he was a ________ (fail) in his life.

11. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________ of exercise.

12. Now more and more people prefer to have a ________ at home — a little dog, a cat or some other animals.

13. My parents always let me have my own ________ of living.

14. We volunteered to collect money to help the ________ (victim) of the earthquake.

15. We all know that ________ speak louder than words.

16. My teacher pointed out the wrong choice of ________ (express) in my composition.

17. The real ________ (hero) are those who are making the most contributions to our society

18. The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of ________ (me).

19. Without a com pass, it is easy to lose one’s way in the ________ (wood).

20. He begged for help from ________ (passer-by), but they all pretended not to have

heard what he was saying and went by quickly.

二、语篇填空用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空。

Charles Pink was a young 1 (Canada) who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself. Every Saturday, he went to the theater and 2 (party). His car was one of the best in his city. He had lots of 3 and one day bought a plane. He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 (enjoy).

One day about thirty 5 (year) ago, he set off in his small plane on a trip across

6 (Mexican). At first everything went well, but when he was over the part of the country

7 engine of the little machine failed.

Fortunately, Pink was flying at a good 8 (high) when the bad thing happened, and he had time to find a place to land. Below him he could see a number of 9 (field) which looked nice enough to land on, and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10 .

三、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Probably no other musical instrument is as popular around the world as the guitar. Almost

a guitar. The Spanish music called flamenco (弗拉门科民歌) could not exist without a guitar. The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar.

(possible) without this instrument.

Some say an instrument much like a guitar was played in Egypt over 1000 years ago. Some

(bring) to Spain from Persian (波斯人) sometime in the 12th century. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the 1700s it

became similar 7 the instrument we know today.

(music) played the instrument. The famous musician Niccolo Paganini played and wrote music for the guitar in the early 1800s. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works. In modern times Andres Segovia helped make the instrument extremely popular.

(develop) in the southern area of Spain called

(strong) connected with the Spanish guitar.

助读词汇

exist vi. 存在musician n. 音乐家

musical instrument 乐器blues music 布鲁斯音乐

rock and roll music 摇滚乐be connected with 与……有联系

参考答案

考点练透

一、单句填空

1. peoples

2. room

3. 1980s/1980’s

4. Girl; women

5. deer

6. works

7. Children’s

8. editors-in-chief

9. barber’s 10. failure 11. lack 12. pet 13. way 14. victims 15. actions 16. expressions 17. heroes 18. mine 19. woods 20. passers-by

二、语篇填空

1. Canadian

2. parties

3. money

4. enjoyments

5. years

6. Mexico

7. the

8. height

9. fields 10. them

三、语法填空

本文主要介绍吉他的发展史。

1. without 根据空前的Country and western music would not be the same可知填

without。或者根据下一句The Spanish music called flamenco could not exist without a guitar.也可知。

2. impossible 作表语用形容词。根据空后的without this instrument可知理应是填possible的反义词impossible。

3. where 下文主要讲吉他源于哪里，故此处理应填where引导宾语从句。

4. it 缺主语填代词。it在此指代前面的the guitar。

5. an 不定冠词的基本用法，空后old以元音因素开头，填an，在此意为“一种”。

6. was brought 分析句子成分可知，动词bring在此作谓语，故只考虑时态和语态。根据后面的时间状语in the 12th century可知用一般过去式。bring与主语是被动关系。故填一般过去式被动语态。

7. to 习惯搭配be/become similar to意为“与/变得……相似”。

8. musicians 作主语要用名词；此外根据前面的Many可知要用复数。

9. developed 分析句子成分可知，括号中的动词develop在此是非谓语动词，真正的谓语是后面的called，且develop与主语music存在被动关系，故填过去分词形式(分词短语作后置定语)。

10. strongly 修饰形容词要用副词形式。

初中英语语法大全——名词

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eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

人教版初中英语初中英语语法之一名词(通用版)

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【注】○1man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher –， woman doctor –_____________； ○2但是其他合成名词，只需把其中心词变成复数形式。如： shoe factory- , banana tree- 3. “某国人”的复数形式“中日不变英法变，其余s加后边” (二)不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有复数形式

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名词的用法机场工作人员问：Who are you flying with?(你坐哪家航空公司?)我答：Myself。对方大囧，一笑之后补充：Which airline? An airport staffer asked me "Who are you flying with?" and I said "Myself." He was surprised and then laughed, adding "Which airline?" 原来Who在英语里也可以泛指航空公司等群体或组织。"Who" in English can also refer to a group or an organization such as airlines. C-名词单复数普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。英语中普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词一般有单、复数两种形式。不可数名词之前不可直接用泛指限定词和数词。（一）可数名词及其复数形式（1）可数名词的复数形式一般由词尾加-s或-es构成，其规则见下表：类别构成法读音例词一般情况加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ maps, books

这类集合名词包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗),scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。如： Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托运了吗? 第五类补充几个常考的集合名词除上面提到的四类集合名词外，以下几个集合名词也应重点注意(因为它们也是常考考点)：1. hair(头发，毛发)：指全部头发或毛发时，为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时，为个体名词(可数)。小练习; 1.They are________ A: man doctor B: men doctors C: men doctor D: man doctors 2.There are five____ in the hill. A: sheep B: sheeps C: goose D: deers 3. Those white socks ____ small. A: are B: is C: am D: do 4.We have many_____in our school. A: woman teacher B: women teachers C: woman teachers D: women teacher 5.Do you like _____? A: vegetable B: vegetables C: an vegetable BAABB C-专有名词专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写，通常不与冠词连用，无复数形式。（一）人名英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。