软件工程毕业论文文献翻译中英文对照
软件工程毕业论文文献翻译中英文对照学生毕业设计(论文)外文译文学生姓名: 学号专业名称:软件工程译文标题(中英文):Qt Creator白皮书(Qt Creator Whitepaper)
译文出处:Qt network 指导教师审阅签名: 外文译文正文:
Qt Creator白皮书
Qt Creator是一个完整的集成开发环境(IDE)，用于创建Qt应用程序框架的应用。 Qt是专为应用程序和用户界面，一次开发和部署跨多个桌面和移动操作系统。本文提供了一个推出的Qt Creator和提供Qt开发人员在应用开发生命周期的特点。
Qt Creator的简介
Qt Creator的主要优点之一是它允许一个开发团队共享一个项目不同的开发平台(微软Windows?的Mac OS X?和Linux?)共同为开发和调试工具。
Qt Creator的主要目标是满足Qt开发人员正在寻找简单，易用性，生产力，可扩展性和开放的发展需要，而旨在降低进入新来乍到Qt的屏障。 Qt Creator 的主要功能，让开发商完成以下任务: , 快速，轻松地开始使用Qt应用开发项目向导，快速访问最近的项目和会议。 , 设计Qt物件为基础的应用与集成的编辑器的用户界面，Qt Designer中。 , 开发与应用的先进的C + +代码编辑器，提供新的强大的功能完成的代码片段，重构代码，查
看文件的轮廓(即，象征着一个文件层次)。
, 建立，运行和部署Qt项目，目标多个桌面和移动平台，如微软Windows，Mac OS X中，Linux
的，诺基亚的MeeGo，和Maemo。
, GNU和CDB使用Qt类结构的认识，增加了图形用户界面的调试器的调试。 , 使用代码分析工具，以检查你的应用程序中的内存管理问题。
, 应用程序部署到移动设备的MeeGo，为Symbian和Maemo设备创建应用程序安装包，可以在Ovi
商店和其他渠道发布的。
, 轻松地访问信息集成的上下文敏感的Qt帮助系统。
Qt Creator是Qt Quick的一部分，它允许设计人员和开发人员创造一种直观的，现代的外观，流畅的用户，正越来越多地用于手机，媒体播放器，机顶盒和其他便携设备的接口。Qt Creator的使设计师之间的合作和开发商。设计师在可视化的环境中工作，而开发人员的工作，在一个全功能的IDE和Qt Creator支持往返迭代从设计，代码，测试，和背部的设计。
支持的操作系统
可用于Microsoft Windows，Mac OS X中，Linux的Qt Creator的安装包。
Qt Creator的，可以在其他平台上运行，但需要公开可用的源代码的编译。从源代码建立和运行的Qt Creator可能需要您的计算机上单独安装的Qt。
Qt Creator的工作
当您启动的Qt Creator，它会打开欢迎的模式，在那里你可以打开教程和示例项目或启动项目向导来创建您自己的项目。
Qt Creator的满足其设计目标简单，易于使用，和生产力，依靠模式的概念。这些用户界面适应不
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同的应用手头的开发任务。开发人员可以使用的模式选择或键盘快捷键切换
到Qt Creator的模式。
每种模式都有自己的看法，只显示需要执行一个给定的任务，只提供最相关的功能和功能有关的信息。因此，广大的Qt Creator的窗口区域，一直致力于以实际应用的发展任务。
创建项目
为了能够建立和运行的应用程序，Qt Creator的需要作为一个编译器将需要相同的信息。该信息被指定在项目建设和运行设置。
设立一个新的Qt Creator项目通过向导的帮助，引导开发商循序渐进的方式，通过项目创建过程中的步骤。在第一步中，开发商从类别中选择项目类型:Qt 的C + +项目，Qt Quick的项目，或其他项目。接下来，开发人员可以选择一个项目的位置，并为它指定的设置。全新的Qt GUI应用程序项目向导。Qt Creator 的步骤已经完成时，自动生成所需的头文件，源文件，用户界面,描述和项目文件的项目，作为向导的定义。
不但没有向导的帮助新用户快速建立和运行，也使更多的有经验的用户，以简化他们的工作流程，创造新的项目。方便的用户界面使得它更容易确保项目正确的配置和依赖性开始。
用户界面设计
Qt Creator的提供了一个完全集成的可视化编辑器，Qt设计师。 Qt Designer是从Qt部件的图形用户界面设计和构建工具。用户可以撰写和定制部件或对话和测试使用不同的风格和决议。
Widgets和使用Qt Designer创建的形式与程序代码无缝集成，使用Qt的信号和槽机制，它可以让用户轻松地分配行为的图形元素。在Qt Designer中设置的所有属性，可以在代码中动态改变。此外，如部件的推广和定制插件的功能，允许用户使用自己的小部件，使用Qt Designer。
Qt Designer是用于编辑用户界面文件。它提出了一个直观的拖放式界面，组成新的用户界面的用户。使用Qt Designer设计的用户接口功能齐全，可以立即预览，以确保设计为目的。有没有必要重新编译整个项目来测试一个新的设计。下图显示了集成的Qt Designer中被用来编辑一个简单的形式。
编码
写作，编辑和导航的源代码是在应用程序开发的核心任务。因此，在代码编辑器是Qt Creator的关键部件之一。在编辑模式下的代码编辑器，可以用来编写代码。
代码编辑器提供了一个功能，可以帮助开发商保持可读性和编码风格:
, 语法高亮关键字，符号和C + +文件中的宏。此外，通用的突出支持其他类型的文件。 , 元素，属性，ID和代码片断的代码完成。这也是支持在当前项目的开发自己的类。 , 检查代码语法和编辑时标记错误(红色波浪下划线)，使得它不需要使用汇编作为一个简单的方式
找到拼写错误和语法错误。
, 自动缩进源代码的布局。
, 折叠和展开的源代码(代码折叠)的功能的能力。
, 定位导航工具，以便快速访问文件，符号，层次结构，以及其他信息。
, 支持代码重构，以提高内部质量或您的应用程序，它的性能和可扩展性，代码的可读性和可维护性，
以及简化代码结构。
除了这些功能，代码编辑器中有其他有用的功能，例如:
, 打字时，突出窗口中的匹配字符串的增量搜索。高级搜索允许你搜索从当前打开的项目或文件系
统上的文件。此外，您可以搜索符号，当你想重构代码。
, 行号和当前行高亮。
, 容易的注释和代码注释。
, 方法定义和函数声明之间的快速切换。
, 书签更容易在导航的代码。
代码编辑器支持不同的键盘快捷键，更快的编辑。这是可能的工作，而无需使用鼠标，使开发人员能够保持他们的手在键盘上，工作更富有成效。
建立多目标
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Qt Creator的建设和运行桌面环境(在Windows，Linux和Mac OS)和移动设备(诺基亚的MeeGo，Maemo操作)的Qt应用程序提供支持。
Qt Creator的，允许开发人员指定每个开发平台的建立为独立设置和快速切换之间构建目标。默认情况下，阴影生成用于继续建设，从源头分开的具体文件。开发人员可以创建不同版本的项目文件，以保持平台相关的代码分开。他们可以使用qmake的范围，选择的文件处理根据qmake的平台上运行。
以及qmake的，Qt的构建自己的工具提供支持，Qt Creator的还带有支持的CMake [https://www.wendangku.net/doc/401678700.html,]，一种流行的替代。 CMake是一个跨平台的配置和构建工具的Mac OS X，微软Windows，Linux和工具支持的其他平台上的本地编译器工具链。然而，只支持建立在Qt Creator的移动应用系统是qmake。
Qt Creator也支持通用的项目，其中开发人员使用不受支持的构建系统，或不想联想到与他们的项目建设系统。在这样的情况下，Qt Creator的工作作为一个代码编辑器，生成设置可以手动指定的项目。
调试
Qt Creator是整合与外部本地调试符号的GNU调试器(GDB)，微软控制台调试器(CDB)和内部的JavaScript调试器。下图显示了Qt的造物主在调试模式下面的代码编辑器的调试工具窗格。
在调试模式下，开发人员可以执行常见的调试任务，包括以下内容:
, 中断程序执行。
, 通过程序的行由行或指令由指令步骤。
, 设置断点。
, 检查调用堆栈的内容。
, 审查和修改调试程序的寄存器和存储器内容。
, 检查和修改寄存器和存储器内容的局部和全局变量。
, 检查加载的共享库的列表。
, 创建调试程序的当前状态的快照，并重新审视它们。
分析代码
设备上的可用内存是有限的，你应该仔细地使用它。 Qt Creator的集成内存泄漏检测和分析函数执行Valgrind的代码分析工具。您必须下载并安装Valgrind的工具，分别使用他们的Qt Creator。 QML的事件探查器安装的Qt Creator的一部分。它允许您配置您的Qt的快速应用。
使用版本控制系统
成立了项目建议的方式是使用一个版本控制系统。只有项目源文件应存放。构建系统的Qt Creator生成的文件不应该被保存。其他方法是可能的，但我们不推荐使用网络资源，例如。 Qt Creator的支持版本控制系统，融入工作环境的使用。支持的系统包括巴扎，CVS，GIT中，水银，Perforce的，和Subversion。配置很简单，位于一起的版本控制功能位于“ 工具”子菜单中的特定版本控制系
统的通用设置。每个系统的输出显示在版本控制输出窗格。还提供了一些系统显示提交和管理信息库的用户界面元素。
获得帮助
不时，开发人员可能需要一定的阶级，功能，或其他部分的Qt API的进一步信息。所有Qt文档和例子是通过Qt的帮助插件的Qt Creator。
要查看文档，用于帮助模式，在窗口的最重要的是致力于帮助文本。虽然在编辑模式下工作的源代码，开发人员可以访问上下文敏感的帮助文本光标移动到Qt的类或函数，然后按F1键。该文件将显示在面板上的代码编辑器的右侧，它也可以添加外部文件的Qt Creator，补充或替换现有的文件。
总结
Qt Creator的提供Qt应用程序创建一个完整的开发环境。它是一个轻量级的工具上的Qt开发，生产力和可用性的需求，严格重点。
主要特点是先进的C + +代码编辑器和调试的图形用户界面的C + +函数。集成的Qt Designer，Qt的帮助，并快速导航定位工具，使Qt Creator的Qt应用开发的理想环境。
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Qt Creator的模式为中心的工作方式，帮助开发重点任务，通过介绍相关的用户界面功能，他们的手。
支持跨平台，建立系统和版本控制软件，确保Qt Creator的，可以完全集成到开发团队的工作环境。此
外，在与开发商密切合作，创造流畅的用户界面的Qt快速工具允许UI设计师加入我们的团队。
外文译文原文:
Qt Creator Whitepaper
Qt Creator is a complete integrated development environment (IDE)
for creating applications with the Qt application framework. Qt is designed for developing applications and user interfaces once and deploying them across several desktop and mobile operating systems. This paper provides an introduction to Qt Creator and the features it
provides to Qt developers during the application development life-cycle.
Introduction to Qt Creator
One of the major advantages of Qt Creator is that it allows a team
of developers to share a project across different
development platforms (Microsoft Windows?, Mac OS X?, and Linux?)
with a common tool for development and debugging.
The main goal for Qt Creator is meeting the development needs of Qt developers who are looking for simplicity,
usability, productivity, extendibility and openness, while aiming to lower the barrier of entry for newcomers to Qt. The key features of Qt Creator allow the developers to accomplish the following tasks: , Get started with Qt application development quickly and easily
with project wizards, and quickly access
recent projects and sessions.
, Design Qt widget-based application user interface with the integrated editor, Qt Designer.
, Develop applications with the advanced C++ code editor that
provides new powerful features for
completing code snippets, refactoring code, and viewing the outline of files (that is, the symbol hierarchy
of a file).
, Build, run, and deploy Qt projects that target multiple desktop and mobile platforms, such as Microsoft
Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Symbian, MeeGo, and Maemo.
, Debug with the GNU and CDB debuggers using a graphical user interface with increased awareness of Qt
class structures.
, Use code analysis tools to check for memory management issues in your applications.
, Deploy applications to mobile devices and create application installation packages for Symbian, MeeGo,
and Maemo devices that can be published in the Ovi Store and other channels.
, Easily access information with the integrated context-sensitive Qt Help system.
Qt Creator is part of Qt Quick, which allows designers and developers to create the kind of intuitive, modern-looking, fluid user interfaces that are increasingly used on mobile phones, media players, set-top boxes
and other portable devices. Qt Creator enables collaboration between designers
and developers.
Supported Operating Systems
Qt Creator installation packages are available for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Qt Creator can be run on other platforms, but that requires the compilation of the publicly available source code. Building and
running Qt Creator from source code may require a separate
installation of Qt on your computer.
Working with Qt Creator
When you start Qt Creator, it opens to the Welcome mode, where you
can open tutorials and example projects
or start the project wizard to create your own projects.
Qt Creator meets its design goals of simplicity, ease-of-use, and productivity by relying on the concept of
modes. These adapt the user interface to the different application development tasks at hand. Developers can use
the mode selector or keyboard shortcuts to switch to a Qt Creator mode.
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Each mode has its own view that shows only the information required
for performing a given task and provides only the most relevant features and functions related to it. As a result, the majority of the Qt Creator window area is always dedicated to actual application development tasks.
Creating Projects
To be able to build and run applications, Qt Creator needs the same information as a compiler would need.
This information is specified in the project build and run settings.
When the steps have been completed, Qt Creator automatically generates the project with required headers, source files, user
interface descriptions and project files, as defined by the wizard.
Not only does the wizard help new users get up and running quickly,
it also enables more experienced users to streamline their workflow for the creation of new projects. The convenient user interface makes it easier to
ensure that a project begins with the correct configuration and dependencies.
Designing User Interface
Qt Creator provides a fully integrated visual editor, Qt Designer.
Qt Designer is a tool for designing and building graphical user interfaces from Qt widgets. Users can compose and customize widgets or dialogs and test those using different styles and resolutions.
Widgets and forms created with Qt Designer are integrated seamlessly with programmed code, using the Qt signals and slots mechanism, which lets users easily assign behavior to graphical elements. All properties set in Qt Designer can be changed dynamically within the code. Furthermore, features such as widget promotion and custom plugins allow users to use their own widgets with Qt Designer.
Qt Designer is used for editing user interface files. It presents users with an intuitive drag-and-drop interface
for composing new user interfaces. The user interfaces that are designed with Qt Designer are fully functional and can be previewed immediately to ensure that the design is as intended. There is no need
to recompile the entire project to test out a new design.
Coding
Writing, editing and navigating in source code are core tasks in application development. Therefore, the
code editor is one of the key components of Qt Creator. The code
editor can be used in the Edit mode to write code.
he code editor offers a number of features that help developers maintain readability and coding style:
, Syntax highlighting for keywords, symbols, and macros in C++ files. In addition, generic highlighting is
supported for other types of files.
, Code completion for elements, properties, ids and code snippets. This is also supported for developers’
own classes in the current project.
, Checking code syntax and marking errors (with wavy underlining in red) while editing, making it
unnecessary to use compilation simply as a way to find typos and syntax errors.
, Auto-indentation for source code layout.
, The ability to collapse and expand functions in the source code (code folding).
, The Locator navigation tool for quick access to files, symbols, hierarchy, and other information.
, Support for refactoring code to improve the internal quality or
your application, its performance and
extendibility, and code readability and maintainability, as well as
to simplify code structure.
In addition to these features, the code editor has other useful features, such as:
, Incremental search that highlights the matching strings in the window while typing. Advanced search
allows you to search from currently open projects or files on the
file system. In addition, you can search
for symbols when you want to refactor code.
, Line numbering and current line highlighting.
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, Easy commenting and uncommenting of code.
, Quick switching between method definition and function declaration.
, Bookmarks for easier navigation in the code.
The code editor supports different keyboard shortcuts for faster editing. It is possible to work without using the mouse at all, allowing developers to keep their hands on the keyboard and work more
productively.
Building for Multiple Targets
Qt Creator provides support for building and running Qt applications for desktop environments (Windows, Linux, and Mac OS) and mobile devices (Symbian, MeeGo, Maemo).
Qt Creator allows developers to specify separate build settings for each development platform and to quickly switch between build targets. By default, shadow builds are used to keep the build specific files separate from the source. Developers can create separate versions of project files to keep platform-dependent code separate. They can use qmake scopes to select the file to process depending on
which platform qmake is run on.
As well as providing support for qmake, Qt’s own build tool, Qt Creator also comes with support for CMake
[https://www.wendangku.net/doc/401678700.html,], a popular alternative. CMake is a cross-platform configuration and build tool that works with the
native compiler toolchains on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and other platforms that the tool supports.
However, the only supported build system for mobile applications in Qt Creator is qmake.
Qt Creator also supports generic projects, where developers either use an unsupported build system, or do not want to associate a build system with their project at all. In cases like these, Qt Creator works as a code editor, and build settings can be manually specified for the project.
Debugging
Qt Creator is integrated with several external native debuggers: GNU Symbolic Debugger (gdb), Microsoft
Console Debugger (CDB) and an internal JavaScript debugger. The following figure shows Qt Creator in Debug
mode with the debugging tools pane below the code editor.
In Debug mode, developers can perform common debugging tasks, including the following:
, Interrupt program execution.
, Step through the program line-by-line or instruction-by-instruction.
, Set breakpoints.
, Examine call stack contents.
, Examine and modify registers and memory contents of the debugged program.
, Examine and modify registers and memory contents of local and global variables.
, Examine the list of loaded shared libraries.
, Create snapshots of the current state of the debugged program and re-examine them later.
Qt Creator displays the raw information provided by the native debuggers in a clear and concise manner. This simplifies the debugging process as much as possible without losing the power of the native debuggers.
In addition to the generic IDE functionality provided by stack view, views for locals and expressions, registers,
and so on, Qt Creator includes features to make debugging Qt-based applications easy. The debugger plugin
understands the internal layout of several Qt classes, as well as most containers of the C++ Standard Library and
some gcc and Symbian extensions. This deeper understanding is used to present objects of such classes in a useful way.
If Qt Creator is installed as part of a Qt SDK, the GNU Symbolic Debugger is installed automatically and developers should be ready to start debugging after they create a new project. However, they can change the setup to use debugging tools for Windows, for example.
Developers can connect mobile devices to the development PC and debug processes running on the devices.
Analyzing Code
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The memory available on devices is limited and you should use it carefully. Qt Creator integrates Valgrind code analysis tools for detecting memory leaks and profiling function execution. You must download and install the Valgrind tools separately to use them from Qt Creator.
The QML Profiler is installed as part of Qt Creator. It allows you to profile your Qt Quick applications.
Using Version Control Systems
The recommended way to set up a project is to use a version control system. Only project source files should
be stored. Files generated by the build system or Qt Creator should not be stored. Other approaches are possible, but we do not recommend using network resources, for example.
Qt Creator supports a number of version control systems, integrating their use into the working environment.
Supported systems include Bazaar, CVS, Git, Mercurial, Perforce, and Subversion.
Configuration is straightforward, with common settings for version control located together and features for specific version control systems located in Tools sub-menus.
Output for each system is shown in the Version Control output pane. User interface elements for displaying commits and managing repositories are also provided for some systems.
Getting Help
From time to time, developers may need further information about a certain class, function, or other part of the Qt API. All the Qt documentation and examples are accessible via Qt Help plugin in Qt Creator.
To view the documentation, the Help mode is used, where most of the window is devoted to the help text.
While working with source code in Edit mode, developers can access context sensitive help by moving the text cursor to a Qt class or
function and then press the F1 key. The documentation will be displayed within a panel on
the right side of the code editor, as shown in the following figure.
It is also possible to add external documentation to Qt Creator, complementing or replacing the existing documentation as required.
Summary
Qt Creator offers a complete development environment for Qt application creation. It is a lightweight tool with a strict focus on the needs of Qt developers, productivity, and usability.
Key features are the advanced C++ code editor and a graphical user interface for debugging C++ functions. Integrated Qt Designer, Qt Help, and the Locator tool for quick navigation, make Qt Creator the ideal environment
for developing Qt applications.
The Qt Creator mode-centric way of working helps developers to focus on the task at hand by presenting only relevant user interface features to them.
Support for cross-platform build systems and version control
software ensures that Qt Creator can be integrated fully into the working environment of a development team. In addition, Qt Quick tools for creating fluid user interfaces in close cooperation with the developers allow UI designers to join the team.
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英文文献及中文翻译
毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程
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文献翻译英文原文
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/401678700.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world
毕业论文英文参考文献与译文
Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of
软件工程专业BIOS资料外文翻译文献
软件工程专业BIOS资料外文翻译文献 What is the Basic Input Output System (BIOS)? BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input Output System. It is the program that stores configuration details about your computer hardware and enables your computer to boot up. Every time your computer is switched on the BIOS loads configuration data into main memory, performs a routine diagnostic test on your hardware, then loads the operating system. The BIOS resides in a ROM (Read-Only memory) chip, which is mounted on the motherboard, usually in a socket so it is removable. To the right is an example of what a BIOS chip may look like in your motherboard. This is a PLCC 32 pin type BIOS chip. It is a very common type. Every computer has BIOS. There are many types but the most common type of BIOS 's come from: AMI, Award and Phoenix. Motherboard manufacturers buy or lease the BIOS source code from these companies. The BIOS tells the operating system in your computer how to boot up, where to load everything, what to load, what memory and CPU are present and much more. A good comparison to further understand the
中英文文献翻译
毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献及译文 英文题目Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 中文题目模块化安全铁路信号计算机联锁系统 学院自动化与电气工程学院 专业自动控制 姓名葛彦宁 学号 200808746 指导教师贺清 2012年5月30日
Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 1 Introduction Signal Interlocking System is the critical equipment which can guarantee traffic safety and enhance operational efficiency in railway transportation. For a long time, the core control computer adopts in interlocking system is the special customized high-grade safety computer, for example, the SIMIS of Siemens, the EI32 of Nippon Signal, and so on. Along with the rapid development of electronic technology, the customized safety computer is facing severe challenges, for instance, the high development costs, poor usability, weak expansibility and slow technology update. To overcome the flaws of the high-grade special customized computer, the U.S. Department of Defense has put forward the concept：we should adopt commercial standards to replace military norms and standards for meeting consumers’demand [1]. In the meantime, there are several explorations and practices about adopting open system architecture in avionics. The United Stated and Europe have do much research about utilizing cost-effective fault-tolerant computer to replace the dedicated computer in aerospace and other safety-critical fields. In recent years, it is gradually becoming a new trend that the utilization of standardized components in aerospace, industry, transportation and other safety-critical fields. 2 Railways signal interlocking system 2.1 Functions of signal interlocking system The basic function of signal interlocking system is to protect train safety by controlling signal equipments, such as switch points, signals and track units in a station, and it handles routes via a certain interlocking regulation. Since the birth of the railway transportation, signal interlocking system has gone through manual signal, mechanical signal, relay-based interlocking, and the modern computer-based Interlocking System. 2.2 Architecture of signal interlocking system Generally, the Interlocking System has a hierarchical structure. According to the function of equipments, the system can be divided to the function of equipments; the system
大学毕业论文---软件专业外文文献中英文翻译
软件专业毕业论文外文文献中英文翻译 Object landscapes and lifetimes Tech nically, OOP is just about abstract data typing, in herita nee, and polymorphism, but other issues can be at least as importa nt. The rema in der of this sect ion will cover these issues. One of the most importa nt factors is the way objects are created and destroyed. Where is the data for an object and how is the lifetime of the object con trolled? There are differe nt philosophies at work here. C++ takes the approach that con trol of efficie ncy is the most importa nt issue, so it gives the programmer a choice. For maximum run-time speed, the storage and lifetime can be determined while the program is being written, by placing the objects on the stack (these are sometimes called automatic or scoped variables) or in the static storage area. This places a priority on the speed of storage allocatio n and release, and con trol of these can be very valuable in some situati ons. However, you sacrifice flexibility because you must know the exact qua ntity, lifetime, and type of objects while you're writing the program. If you are trying to solve a more general problem such as computer-aided desig n, warehouse man ageme nt, or air-traffic con trol, this is too restrictive. The sec ond approach is to create objects dyn amically in a pool of memory called the heap. In this approach, you don't know un til run-time how many objects you n eed, what their lifetime is, or what their exact type is. Those are determined at the spur of the moment while the program is runnin g. If you n eed a new object, you simply make it on the heap at the point that you n eed it. Because the storage is man aged dyn amically, at run-time, the amount of time required to allocate storage on the heap is sig ni fica ntly Ion ger tha n the time to create storage on the stack. (Creat ing storage on the stack is ofte n a si ngle assembly in structio n to move the stack poin ter dow n, and ano ther to move it back up.) The dyn amic approach makes the gen erally logical assumpti on that objects tend to be complicated, so the extra overhead of finding storage and releas ing that storage will not have an importa nt impact on the creati on of an object .In additi on, the greater flexibility is esse ntial to solve the gen eral program ming problem. Java uses the sec ond approach, exclusive". Every time you want to create an object, you use the new keyword to build a dyn amic in sta nee of that object. There's ano ther issue, however, and that's the lifetime of an object. With Ian guages that allow objects to be created on the stack, the compiler determines how long the object lasts and can automatically destroy it. However, if you create it on the heap the compiler has no kno wledge of its lifetime. In a Ianguage like C++, you must determine programmatically when to destroy the
软件工程中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Application Fundamentals Android applications are written in the Java programming language. The compiled Java code — along with any data and resource files required by the application — is bundled by the aapt tool into an Android package, an archive file marked by an .apk suffix. This file is the vehicle for distributing the application and installing it on mobile devices; it's the file users download to their devices. All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application. In many ways, each Android application lives in its own world: 1. By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the application's code needs to be executed, and shuts down the process when it's no longer needed and system resources are required by other applications. 2. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so application code runs in isolation from the code of all other applications. 3. By default, each application is assigned a unique Linux user ID. Permissions are set so that the application's files are visible only to that user and only to the application itself — although there are ways to export them to other applications as well. It's possible to arrange for two applications to share the same user ID, in which case they will be able to see each other's files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process, sharing the same
仪表板外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
Dashboard From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about a control panel placed in the front of the car. For other uses, see Dashboard (disambiguation). The dashboard of a Bentley Continental GTC car A dashboard (also called dash, instrument panel (IP), or fascia) is a control panel located directly ahead of a vehicle's driver, displaying instrumentation and controls for the vehicle's operation. Contents 1.Etymology 2.Dashboard features 3.Padding and safety 4.Fashion in instrumentation 5.See also 6.References Etymology Horse-drawn carriage dashboard Originally, the word dashboard applied to a barrier of wood or leather fixed at the front of a horse-drawn carriage or sleigh to protect the driver from mud or other debris "dashed up" (thrown up) by the horses' hooves.[1] Commonly these boards did not perform any additional function other than providing a convenient handhold for ascending into the driver's seat, or a small clip with which to secure the reins when not in use. When the first "horseless carriages" were constructed in the late 19th century, with engines mounted beneath the driver such as the Daimler Stahlradwagen, the simple dashboard was retained to protect occupants from debris thrown up by the cars' front wheels. However, as car design evolved to position the motor in front of the driver, the dashboard became a panel that protected vehicle occupants from the heat and oil of the engine. With gradually increasing mechanical complexity, this panel formed a convenient location for the placement of gauges and minor controls, and from this evolved the modern instrument panel,
java毕业论文外文文献翻译
Advantages of Managed Code Microsoft intermediate language shares with Java byte code the idea that it is a low-level language witha simple syntax , which can be very quickly translated intonative machine code. Having this well-defined universal syntax for code has significant advantages. Platform independence First, it means that the same file containing byte code instructions can be placed on any platform; atruntime the final stage of compilation can then be easily accomplished so that the code will run on thatparticular platform. In other words, by compiling to IL we obtain platform independence for .NET, inmuch the same way as compiling to Java byte code gives Java platform independence. Performance improvement IL is actually a bit more ambitious than Java bytecode. IL is always Just-In-Time compiled (known as JIT), whereas Java byte code was ofteninterpreted. One of the disadvantages of Java was that, on execution, the process of translating from Javabyte code to native executable resulted in a loss of performance. Instead of compiling the entire application in one go (which could lead to a slow start-up time), the JITcompiler simply compiles each portion of code as it is called (just-in-time). When code has been compiled.once, the resultant native executable is stored until the application exits, so that it does not need to berecompiled the next time that portion of code is run. Microsoft argues that this process is more efficientthan compiling the entire application code at the start, because of the likelihood that large portions of anyapplication code will not actually be executed in any given run. Using the JIT compiler, such code willnever be compiled.
软件工程论文参考文献
软件工程论文参考文献 [1] 杜献峰 . 基于三层 B/S 结构的档案管理系统开发 [J]. 中原工学院学报，2009:19-25 [2]林鹏，李田养. 数字档案馆电子文件接收管理系统研究及建设[J].兰台世界，2008:23-25 [3]汤星群.基于数字档案馆建设的两点思考[J].档案时空，2005:23-28 [4]张华丽.基于 J2EE 的档案管理系统设计与实现[J].现代商贸工业. 2010:14-17 [5] 纪新.转型期大型企业集团档案管理模式研究[D].天津师范大学，2008：46-57. [6] 周玉玲.纸质与电子档案共存及网络环境电子档案管理模式[J].中国科技博览，2009：44-46. [7] 张寅玮.甘肃省电子档案管理研究[D]. 兰州大学，2011:30-42 [8] 惠宏伟.面向数字化校园的档案信息管理系统的研究与实现[D]. 电子科技大学，2006:19-33 [9] 刘冬立.基于 Web 的企业档案管理系统的设计与实现[D].同济大学，2007:14-23 [10]钟瑛.浅议电子文件管理系统的功能要素[J]. 档案学通讯，2006:11-20 [11] 刘洪峰，陈江波.网络开发技术大全[M].人民邮电出版社，2005：119-143. [12] 程成，陈霞.软件工程[M].机械工业出版社，2003：46-80. [13] 舒红平.Web 数据库编程-Java[M].西安电子科技大学出版社，2005：97-143. [14] 徐拥军.从档案收集到知识积累[M].是由工业出版社，2008：6-24. [15]Gary P Johnston，David V. Bowen.he benefits of electronic recordsmanagement systems: a general review of published and some unpublishedcases. RecordsManagement Journal，2005:44-52 [16]Keith Gregory.Implementing an electronic records management system: Apublic sector case study. Records Management Journal，2005:17-21 [17]Duranti Luciana.Concepts，Principles，and Methods for the Management of Electronic RecordsR[J].Information Society，2001：57-60.