《新概念英语》第二册第8课

Lesson 8

1:Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.

1)形容词和副词的比较等级

1>. 原级，也就是原形；2>. 比较级，表示“较……”或“更……”的意思（用于两者之间比较）；3>. 最高级，表示“最……”的意思（用于三者或三者以上的比较）。

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是如何构成的？

1>. 单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。

①单音节单词

small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词

clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

2>. 以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。

large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

3>. 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。

big→bigger→biggest

hot→hotter→hottest

fat→fatter→fattest

4>. 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。

easy→easier→easiest

heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest

happy→happier→happiest

5>. 其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。

beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

6>. 有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。

good→better→best

well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most little→less→least

far →further/farther→furthest/farthest

形容词和副词原级的用法

1>. 在“as…as”或“not as/so…as”结构中，形容词或副词要用原级（即原形）。

This ruler is as long as that one.

Jim is not as/so tall as Tom.

2>. 在程度副词very, so, quite, too等后面的形容词或副词要用原级（即原形）。

This box is too heavy.

She speaks English very well.

形容词和副词比较级的用法

1>. 比较级句型结构

①“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

Tom is taller than Kate.

This room is three times bigger than that one.

②“甲+实义动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

I got up earlier than my mother this morning.

He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。

③“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词+介词短语（表范围）”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，即“甲最……”。

The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.

=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。

=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.

④“甲+实义动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词+介词短语”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，即“甲最……”。

Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.

= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。

= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。

= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。

⑤“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。

Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.

看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。

⑥“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。

He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。

The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。

He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。

⑦“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。

The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。

⑧“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”

Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？

⑨“特殊疑问词+实义动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”

Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？

2. 修饰比较级的常用单词

much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，,even，still，any

Lesson One is far easier than Lesson Two.第一课远比第二课容易。

Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆看上去比以前更年轻了。

He studies even harder.他学习更努力了。

This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑的快。

She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车比她丈夫更认真。

You must come a little earlier tomorrow.你明天必须早点来。

This story is much more interesting than that one.这个故事比那个有趣的多。

大家要牢记以上形容词和副词比较级9个句型和常用的修饰词，它们是是平时考试和中考中的高频考点。入内容

学习形容词和副词最高级的用法

1.“主语+be+the+形容词最高级（+单数名词）+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。

This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。

2.“主语+实义动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。

I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。

3.“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……之一”。Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。

4.“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级，甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者或三者以上的比较。

Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？

5.“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语（+the）+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者或三者以上的比较。

Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？

你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？

注意：副词最高级用在句中时，其前可以加the，也可以不加；但形容词最高级用在句中时，其前一般都要加the。

注意一下问题：

一、不能使用双重比较等级

即构成比较级时不能既加词尾-er，又在其前加more；构成最高级时不能既在词尾加-est，又在其前加most，如不能说more better, most earliest 等。不过“比较级+and+比较级”这样的形式却完全可用。如：

I am getting fatter and fatter. 我越来越胖了。

We’re going more and more slowly. 我们越走越慢了。

二、使用比较等级要注意合乎逻辑

请看两组正误句：

我的电脑比她的贵。

误：My computer is more expensive than her

正：My computer is more expensive than hers.

析：从逻辑上说，应该是my computer 与her computer 作比较，而不是my computer 与her 比较。上面正句中的hers=her computer。

上海人口比中国其他城市的人口要多。

误：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in China.

正：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.

析：从逻辑上说，Shanghai在China范围内，或者说Shanghai也是China范围内的一个城市，若不用other，则句意为“上海的人口比中国任何城市的人口都多”，

三、注意比较级和最高级的常见修饰语

(1) 比较级的修饰语：常见的有far, even, still, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no, very much 等。如：

Japanese is much [far] more difficult than English. 日语比英语难多了。

She felt a great deal more comfortable now. 她现在感觉舒服多了。

He works hard, but she works still harder [harder still]. 他工作很努力，但她工作更努力。

(2) 最高级的修饰语：常见的有(by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, by no means, very, second, next 等。如：

His illness is far more serious than we thought. 他的病比我们想像的要严重得多。

China’s population is by far the largest of any country. 中国是全世界人口最多的国家。

I want to give my children the very best education I can afford. 我想给我孩子力所能及的最良好的教育。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河流。

注：very不能修饰比较级，却可修饰最高级，但它与一般的修饰最高的副词有所不同，即它要放在最高级前定冠词之后，而不是之前(另外，second, third, next等也要入在定冠词之后)。补充语法：

means基本用法、习惯搭配及by no means 的用法

一、基本词义

n.手段, 方法；[复][用作单或复]方法, 手段; 工具

n.财力, 收入, 资产; 金钱, 财富

means (单复数同形)可以指人或物，其含义为“手段”或“工具”；这个词不仅用于具体的东西，也可以用于抽象的意念。如：

means of production 生产资料，means of living 生活资料

The next step would be to develop means for sending television pictures.下一步将要发展送出电视图象的手段。

Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech.一旦一个人的思想能够借助于语言传递给另一个人，知识便开始增长了。

They regarded the labouring class as a mere means to the maintenance of the rest.他们把劳动阶级看作一种养活其他阶级的纯粹的工具。

途径，方法

Are there any means of getting there?有什么方法可以到那里吗?

The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅行途径是乘飞机。

Have you the means to support a wife?你有钱养活妻子吗?

二、习惯用法

1、by all means表示同意或许可，意为：可以；没问题。如：

—May I borrow your dictionary？—____ ．Here you are．

A．By all means B．By no means C．By the way D．By this means

此题应选A。By all means意为：可以；没问题．选项B（By no means）主要用来表示否定（语气较强），意为：当然不行；绝不是。

主要有两种用法：

1）by all means表示同意或许可，意为：可以；没问题。如：

—Can I sit here？我可以坐这儿吗？—Yes，by all means．可以，请坐。

2）by all means 表示请求或意愿，意为：一定要；务必。如：

Come to the party by all means．务必来参加晚会。

By all means tell him the news．务请把这个消息告诉他。

2、by no means决不, 一点也不;主要用来表示否定（语气较强），意为：当然不行；绝不是。如

—Can I go out like this？我可以这样出去吗？—By no means．绝不可以。

—You haven't lost heart，then？那么你还没有灰心？—By no means．绝对没有。

—Can I go out like this？我可以这样出去吗？—By no means．绝不可以。

—You haven't lost heart，then？那么你还没有灰心？—By no means．绝对没有。

By no means can you smoke here.(注意到装用法)

His judgment in this matter was by no means在这件事上他的判完全不正确。

It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone. 要满足每一个人绝非易事

By no means was he able to handle it. 这件事他绝对没办法处理。

It's by no means certain. 完全不能肯定。

I'll forgive you this time, but you shall by no means make the mistake again. 我这次就原谅你，你可不许再犯错误。

3、By this means意为“用这种办法或方式”：

Only by this means can you do it well．只有用这种方式你才能把它做好。

4、by any means[口]用一切可能的方法或手段

Being an star is not all roses by any means. 当上了明星也决非事事如意。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿

If you can by any means do it; get me that dictionary. 如果你办得到的话，把那本字典给我弄来I know the monkey on his back can't be removed by any means. 我知道他的毒瘾是啥法子也除不掉的。

5、by means of通过; 用; 借助于

We express our thought by means of words. 我们用词句来表达思想

Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想是用(通过)言语表达的。

They were able to position the ships by means of radar. 他们能够用雷达测定船只的方位。

He succeeded by means of perseverance. 他是通过坚持成功的。

They succeeded by means of hard working. 他们依靠努力工作而获得成功。

6、by some means (or other)想个办法; 以某种方法

I must fulfil my task by some means or other. 我总得想个办法完成任务。

It is by some means removed from the bottom.用某种方法把它从底部移走了。

7、by what means怎样

By what means are we going tomorrow, by train? 明天我们怎么去? 坐火车还是开车?

live beyond one's means过着超过自已收入的生活

live within one's means量入为出地(生活)

a great dea:

a great deal可单独使用，也可以用在形容词或副词的比较级前，表示“大量；许多”；而a great deal of只能用在不可数名词前，表示“大量的”。如：

We learned a great deal from them. 我们从他们那里学到很多东西。

He ran a great deal faster than I. 他跑得比我快多了。

He has given me a great deal of help. 他给了我很多帮助。

[拓展] 英语中有很多短语表示“大量；许多”，根据性质可分为以下三类：

★修饰可数名词的有：a good / great many, a large / great number of, scores of等，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

A great / good many words and expressions have come into the language from American English. 这门语言吸收了美国英语中的许多单词和短语。

There were scores of boxes, all waiting to be checked and loaded. 大批的箱子等着检验后装运。★修饰不可数名词的有：a large amount of等，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

He has spent a large amount of money on his new house.他在新房子上花费了许多钱。

★既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of等，谓语动词根据被修饰的名词是可数还是不可数来决定单复数形式。如：

There are a lot of / lots of people in that room.那个房间里有许多人。

There’s a lot of / lots of rice in the bag.那只口袋里有许多大米。

There are plenty of eggs in the fridge.冰箱里有足够的鸡蛋。

Don’t worry about it. We have plenty of time.不要着急，我们有充裕的时间。

[小试] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. They spent ______ money on the new hospital.

A. a great deal

B. a good deal of

C. a great many

D. a large number of

2. He possesses ______ books. A. plenty of B. very much C. a great deal of D. an amount of

Key: 1. B 2. A

2）enter for：1>、enter for 参加（竞赛,活动等）；报名参加（比赛）=take part in

如：My parents pressed me to enter for the competition.我父母竭力劝我报名参加这个竞赛.

2>、enter

vt.进入；开始；参加vi.参加,登场；进去n.[计] 输入；回车

可搭配短语：

enter into 进入；讨论；成为…的一部分；研讨；分享；体谅

enter in 进入,报关进口

enter for 参加（竞赛,活动等）；报名参加（比赛）

3) win: win是取得（游戏、比赛的）胜利，而beat是打败某人或者某个集体At last ，we win the game！

最后，我们获得了胜利！

I finally beat her in that match. 我在那场比赛中最后打败了她

He tried his best to beat his friend and win the game！他竭尽全力击败他的朋友并获得了比赛的胜利！

2: Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting.

1) large big这两个单词都可以表示“大”的意思，但用法又有区别：

<一>、big“大的，巨大的”，常指程度，范围，规模，容积，重量，数量等（还可表示“伟大，重要”之意）常可与large互换，多用于具体的、有形的人或物（其反义词多为little/small。）如：

This is a big cock.这是只大公鸡。

Jim''s cake is the biggest of all.吉姆的蛋糕是所有蛋糕中最大的。

There is a big tree beside the house.房子旁边有一棵大树。

<二>、large“大的，巨大的”，常指面积，范围，可表示数和量（当它直接用于人时，可表示身体的大），其反义词为small。如：

They say China is a large and beautiful country.他们说中国是一个面积大而美丽的国家。

We have a large farm.我们有一个大农场。

I like the colour,but it''s too large。我喜欢这种颜色，但是它太大了。

2) grow: 延续性动词。

grow 可以表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程。如：

It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。Bob is growing old. 鲍勃渐渐变老了。

The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。

The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日趋严峻。

grow还可以表示“种植”

3: He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work.

1) neat ：<1>与appear, be, look, seem搭配“显得整齐；整齐；看上去整齐；好像整齐”

<2>leave sth neat, make sth neat使…整齐；使…整洁:

Be sure to leave the room neat and tidy. 一定要保持房间的整洁。

<3>keep sth neat保持…整洁:

She kept her desk extremely neat. 她的桌子保持得非常干净整齐。

<4>与以下副词搭配

extremely（very ）neat极为整洁；非常整洁fairly（quite, rather）neat 相当整洁；十分整洁

surprisingly neat令人意外地整洁: The handwriting was surprisingly neat.字写得出奇地工整。

2）wooden adj.

There is a wooden porch over the sidewalk.人行道上有一个木制的门廊。

He has two big round new Chinese wooden tables.他有两张新的中国式的木制的大圆桌。wooden的基本意思是“木制的,木头的”,引申可表示“僵硬的,呆笨的”,主要形容人像木头似的不灵活。

wooden在句中多用作定语,偶尔也用作表语。

wooden无比较级和最高级形式。

4：Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!

1）compete <1>:compete in,参加……竞争，在……上竞争、比赛

<2>compete for, 为了……进行竞争、比赛

<3>compete with 常加人，表示与……竞争.

compete in a race compete for first place compete with Tom for first place

2) prize n.

<1>.奖赏;奖品;奖金

His poem won the first prize in the contest.他的诗作在比赛中获得第一名。

<2>.(值得)竞争的目标,极有价值的东西

To some men wealth is the greatest prize in life.对一些人来说,财富是人生最有价值的东西。adj. <1>.得奖的;作为奖品的

I will use the prize money to help pay for my education.我要用这笔奖金支付部分学费。

<2>.【口】完全的,第一流的

She always does something silly; she's a prize fool.她老是做蠢事,真是天下第一号大傻瓜。vt. 1.重视,珍视

He prized my friendship above everything else.他把我的友谊看得比其他什么更宝贵。

最新新概念英语第二册：第78课课文详解及语法解析

新概念英语第二册：第78课课文详解及语法解析课文详注 Further notes on the text 1. an article entitled‘Cigarette Smoking and Your Health’,一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章。 在英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品词除外。entitle的含义为“给……题名/定名”，在这里是过去分词(短语)作定语。entitle常用于被动语态： The writer hasn't entitled his new book yet. 那位作家还没给他的新书写/取名。 The book was entitled The Sun Also Rises. 那本书的书名为《太阳照样升起》。 2. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking： a bad temper and an enormous appetite. 我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。 a bad temper and an enormous appetite为symptoms的同位语。 giving up smoking能够看做是someone的定语，即someone who gives up smoking. 3. My friends Kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. 我的朋友们持续地向我递香烟和雪茄。 keep on doing sth.表示“继续做某事”、“反复做某事”：

新概念英语第二册笔记-第78课

Lesson 78 The last one?【Text】 After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! 【课文翻译】 读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这支烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后，我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分高兴。不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了! New words and expressions 生词和短语 1. entitle 1) v. 以......为名；授权 eg: If something entitles you to something, it gives you the official right to have or do it. eg: The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice.

新概念英语第二册笔记-第78课

-- Ｌｅsｓon 78 Tｈe last one? 【Texｔ】 Ａfteｒreａdiｎｇanａrｔicｌe enｔｉtlｅd 'Cigａｒette Smoking and Your Health' I ｌｉｔａcigarｅtte to cａlm myｎerｖes. Iｓｍoｋeｄwitｈconcentratｉon anｄpleasure as I ｗas sure that this would bｅmy ｌasｔciｇａｒｅtｔｅ. Fｏｒa ｗholeｗeek Ｉdid not smoke at aｌｌa ｎd dｕｒing ｔhis time, ｍｙwife sufferｅd terriｂly．I had ａlｌｔhe usuａl symｐtoms ｏf sｏmｅｏnｅgiving ｕｐｓmokiｎg: a bad temper ａｎd aｎｅnormous ａppｅtite. Mｙｆｒiends kepｔon ofｆering me ciｇareｔteｓａnd cigａrs. Thｅyｍａde no effort to hide thｅir aｍuse ｍｅnt ｗheneｖeｒIｐrｏｄuｃeｄａｐaｃkeｔｏf sweｅts froｍmy pｏcｋeｔ. Afteｒsｅｖeｎdaysｏf ｔhis I weｎt ｔo aｐａrty.Everybody arouｎｄme was sｍｏking and I fｅｌt ｅxｔr ｅmely uncomfoｒtabｌe. Wheｎmyｏld frｉeｎd Brｉａn urgｅｄｍe to ａccept a cｉgａrette, ｉｔwas morｅthan I cｏuld bear. I took one guiltｉly, litｉt ａｎd smｏkｅｄwith ｓatisfａct ｉon. My wife wａs delighteｄthaｔｔｈings hａｄrｅturned to nｏrmal oｎce ｍoｒｅ. Anyｗay, ａｓBrian ｐoinｔed out,it ｉs the easieｓt thing in tｈｅworld to give up smｏking. He ｈimｓelf has done iｔlｏts of timｅs! 【课文翻译】 读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后,我点上了一枝香烟,来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这支烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后,我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上,心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分高兴。不管怎么说,正如布赖恩指出的那样,戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了! New woｒｄs aｎd ｅxprｅssｉｏns 生词和短语 【生词讲解】

新概念英语第二册：第8课课文详解及语法解析

新概念英语第二册：第8课课文详解及语法解析 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. 几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。 (1)nearly和almost 意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思： I'm nearly/ almost ready. 我快准备好了。 I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差点把他的名字忘了。 He nearly missed the train. 他差点没赶上火车。 (2)each和every均可译为“每一个”，二者常常可以互相代替使用： Every/ Each time I wash the car it rains. 每次我擦洗汽车，天总是下雨。 但是each更强调个体。它常用以指一个确定的并通常是有限的数目： Each child in the school was questioned. 学校里的每个孩子都被询问过了。 every却不那么强调个体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目： Every child enjoys Christmas. 所有的/每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。

另外，each既可以作形容词又可以作代词，但every只能作形容词： They each have a share. 他们每人都有一份。 Each of us has his own work to do. 我们每个人都有自己的工作要干。 2.Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. 比尔·弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大。 名词加-'s表示所属关系，构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西，特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词，限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略，只要不引起误解： This is Mary's boy friend, not Jane's. 这是玛丽的男朋友，不是简的。 My pen is lost. This one is my brother's. 我的钢笔丢了。这枝是我兄弟的。 John's handwriting is better than Mary's and Catherine's. 约翰的书法比玛丽的和凯瑟琳的都要好。 3.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. 他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。 make和build在这里是同义词，都可以解释为“修建”、“建造”。与汉语的写作习惯一样，用英语写作时同一段文字中尤其是在同一句话中应尽量避免使用重复的词，以使文章显得生动(特殊的修辞手法例外)。

新概念英语第二册第7-8课

Lesson 7 Too late Revision：other, the other, another, others, the others people like to stay at home, but ________ like to go to the cinema. A. another B. other C. others D. other one 答案: C. (要牢记: some…., others….) Is this your shoe -- Yes, but where is _________ A. the other one B. other one C. another one D. the others 答案: A. (注意鞋是两只, another指的是三者或者三者以上) has gone to _________ city and he'll be back in a week. A. other B. the other C. another D. any other 答案：C (注意这里没有说只有两座城市，因此不能选B.) 4.– What do your parents do -- One is a teacher; _________ is a driver. A. other B. another C. the other D. that one 5. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _________. A. other B. the other C. the others D. another 6. ─ Do you want cake (2005浙江省金华市) ─ Yes, I usually eat a lot when I'm hungry. A. other B. others C. another D. the other 7. I don't like this shirt, so I want to see some .（04宁夏） A. other B. the other C. others D. another 8. Shanghai is larger than city in India. (04黄冈)

新概念英语第二册笔记_第78课

Lesson 78 The last one 【Text】 After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! 【课文翻译】 读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这支烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后，我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分高兴。不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了! New words and expressions 生词和短语 1) v. 以......为名；授权 eg: If something entitles you to something, it gives you the official right to have or do it. eg: The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice. 那本小说被命名为《傲慢与偏见》。 eg: This license entitles you to sell drug. 这个执照授权你可以卖药。 词组拓展：be entitled to (do) sth. 对...享有权利, 值得; 有(做某事)的资格[权利] eg: Women employees are entitled to a maternity leave of three months. 女性员工有权利休三个月的产假。 记忆点拨： en（动词前缀，使……）—title（标题）（使有标题） 2. calm 1) v. 使镇定 eg: I gave the frightened child some candies to calm him. 我给那个吓坏了的小孩一些糖果使他安静下来。 adj. 平静的 After a night of storm, the sea is now calm. 一夜暴风雨过后，大海现在很平静。 词组拓展：keep calm保持镇定 calm down镇定下来 calm before the storm暴风雨前的平静 相关表达： calmness n.平静, 冷静, 镇静

新概念第二册第8课教案

Lesson 8 The best and the worst 一、词汇： https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4018971845.html,petition n.比赛，竞赛。 与它有类似意义的还有match, game, race这些词。下面我们来把这些词对比一下。 2.neat adj. 整齐的，整洁的不等于clean同义词有：tidy 3.path n. 小路，小径 同义词：street/ road (扩展) 大家可能还记得“abroad国外的”这个单词，就可以巧记为：国外的AB大街。 4.wooden adj. 木头的 e.g.: I want to built a wooden house. 我想建一个木制的房子。 5.pool n. 水池，是人工的游泳池：swimming pool天然的叫池塘：pond 二、词组： 1.enter for 报名参加,只强调报名参加：take part in 扩展：大家要注意区分好这几个词： 2. over越过，超过。同时over还有强调“跨过两端的一个距离”的意思。 扩展：这里有一个口诀来帮助大家记住over介词的用法 over under正上下 above below则不然 三、句子 1.Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. 几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。 (1)nearly和almost 意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思： I'm nearly/ almost ready.我快准备好了。 I have nearly forgotten his name.我差点把他的名字忘了。 He nearly missed the train.他差点没赶上火车。

新概念英语第二册第八课教案

§Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★competition n. 比赛, 竞赛 race : car race match : football match contest : baby contest 更广泛 beauty contest 选美 暗地里的竞争－competition game : 游戏, 运动 ★neat adj. 整齐的, 整洁的 neat=tidy adj / v tidy (up) the room 整理房间 ★path n. 小路, 小径亦作pathway ★wooden adj. 木头的 ★pool n. 水池(人工的) swimming pool 游泳池 pond 天然的《golden pond》—金色池塘 good bad 比较级－than 最高级－of all He is the tallest of all. He is the tallest in the room. the+ -est more interesting the most interesting 1、三个或者是三个音节以上——多音节 比较级的构成: more+原级最高级的构成: the most+原级 2、单音节的词用er 3、双音节以y结尾的双音节词去y后+ier(大多数情况) clever cleverer more clever slowly more slowly often more often fun:快乐more fun 美国人用 无规律: good well(better best) bad badly(worse worst) many much(more most) little(less least) far (farther further , farthest furthest) old(older elder,oldest eldest) farther:距离上的远和更远further:程度further more(更有甚者) older:比...大elder : 做定语修饰其他名词elder sister (年长的)姐姐 She is older than somebody 【Text】 Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题. Why is Joe's garden the most beautiful one in the town?

新概念英语第二册第八课教案

新概念英语第二册第八 课教案 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

§ Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★competition n. 比赛, 竞赛 race : car race match : football match contest : baby contest 更广泛 beauty contest 选美 暗地里的竞争－competition game : 游戏, 运动 ★neat adj. 整齐的, 整洁的 neat=tidy adj / v tidy (up) the room 整理房间 ★path n. 小路, 小径亦作pathway ★wooden adj. 木头的 ★pool n. 水池(人工的) swimming pool 游泳池 pond 天然的《golden pond》—金色池塘 good bad 比较级－than 最高级－of all He is the tallest of all. He is the tallest in the room. the+ -est more interesting the most interesting 1、三个或者是三个音节以上——多音节 比较级的构成 : more+原级最高级的构成 : the most+原级 2、单音节的词用er 3、双音节以y结尾的双音节词去y后+ier(大多数情况) clever cleverer more clever slowly more slowly often more often fun:快乐more fun 美国人用 无规律 : good well(better best) bad badly(worse worst) many much(more most) little(less least) far (farther further , farthest furthest) old(older elder,oldest eldest) farther:距离上的远和更远further:程度further more(更有甚者) older:比...大elder : 做定语修饰其他名词elder sister (年长的)姐姐 She is older than somebody 【Text】 Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题. Why is Joe's garden the most beautiful one in the town?

新概念第二册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson76、77、78】

新概念第二册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson76 、77 、 78】 【课文】 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What was the joke? 'To end our special news bulletin,' said the voice of the television announcer, 'we're going over to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Riccardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs. Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs. Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest ：the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1991. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April lst. We're now going back to the studio.' 课文翻译】 “作为我们专题新闻节目的结尾，”电视广播员说，“我们现在到克拉布利亚的通心粉田里。通心粉在这个地区已经种植了600多年了。两个主要种植者，朱塞

新概念二第78课笔记

课堂笔记： 1) entitle an article entitled…Cigarette Smoking and Your Health?,一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章。 在英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品词除外。entitle 的含义为“给......题名／定名”，在这里是过去分词（短语）作定语。entitle 常用于被动语态： The writer hasn't entitled his new book yet. 那位作家还没给他的新书写／取名。 She read a poem entitled "The Apple Tree" 她读了一首题为《苹果树》的诗 entitle sb to sth给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利 You are entitled to collect the rental fee from the customers. 你有权利去收取客户的房租。 This ticket doesn't entitle you to sit in first class.你这张票不能坐头等位。 entitlement授权，有资格 We have no record of your entitlement to free travel.我们没有让你免费旅行的记录。 2）lit 原形light lit lit （lighted，ligthed）lighted candel燃着的蜡烛 light a candle light a cigarette light up (with sth) 指人的脸等放光彩，容光焕发 Her eyes lit up with joy.她因喜悦而目光炯炯 3）calm adj.镇定的，安静的，无忧虑的 It is important to keep calm in an emergency.在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的。 the calm before the storm暴风雨前的宁静

《新概念英语》第二册第8课

Lesson 8 1:Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. 1)形容词和副词的比较等级 1>. 原级，也就是原形；2>. 比较级，表示“较……”或“更……”的意思（用于两者之间比较）；3>. 最高级，表示“最……”的意思（用于三者或三者以上的比较）。 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是如何构成的？ 1>. 单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest 2>. 以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest 3>. 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest 4>. 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest 5>. 其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily 6>. 有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→furthest/farthest 形容词和副词原级的用法 1>. 在“as…as”或“not as/so…as”结构中，形容词或副词要用原级（即原形）。 This ruler is as long as that one. Jim is not as/so tall as Tom. 2>. 在程度副词very, so, quite, too等后面的形容词或副词要用原级（即原形）。 This box is too heavy. She speaks English very well. 形容词和副词比较级的用法

新概念英语第二册笔记第78课

Lesson 78 The last one? 【Text】 After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! 【课文翻译】 读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这支烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后，我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分高兴。不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了! New words and expressions 生词和短语 1. entitle 1) v. 以......为名；授权 eg: If something entitles you to something, it gives you the official right to have or do it. eg: The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice. 那本小说被命名为《傲慢与偏见》。

新概念英语第二册课文翻译及词汇Lesson76~78

新概念英语第二册课文翻译及词汇Lesson76~78 新概念英语第二册课文翻译及词汇Lesson76 【课文】 'To end our special news bulletin,' said the voice of the television announcer, 'we're going over to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Riccardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs. Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs. Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest： the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1991. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April lst. We're now going back to the studio.' 【课文翻译】 “作为我们专题新闻节目的结尾，”电视广播员说，“我们现在到克拉布利亚的通心粉田里。通心粉在这个地区已经种植了600多年了。两个主要种植者，朱塞皮.莫尔道瓦和里卡多.布拉班特告诉我，

新概念英语单词第二册第78课：最后一支

新概念英语单词第二册第78课：最后一支 entitle [n'tat()l; en-] 以……为名 calm [kɑm] v使镇定 【单词扩充】recompose使镇定 【单词搭配】calm down使平静 【单词例句】 A： To calm myself,I need some cold water A：为了使自己镇定，我需要一些凉水。 B：I'll fetch it for you B：我去给你取。 nerve [nv] 神经 concentration [kns()n'tre()n] 集中，专心 【单词扩充】absorption全神贯注 【单词搭配】concentration on汪意力集中于 【单词例句】 A：Concentration is important if you want to a good job．A：如果你想把事情做好，专心很重要。 B： OK, I'Il turn off the television soon, B：好吧，我这就把电视关了。 suffer ['sf]遭受 n ?

【单词搭配】symptom ['sm(p)tm] n.症状 【单词例句】 A：I thinkI had a cold． A：我想我感冒了。 B： What are your symptoms? B：你有什么症状？ temper ['temp] 脾气 【单词例句】 His hasty temper made him offensive． 他那急脾气真让人烦。 appetite ['ptat] n胃口．食欲 【单词搭配】appetize开胃 【单词例句】 A：I don't have any appetite. A：我没有食欲。 B： You must have indigestion B：你肯定是消化不良。 produce [pr'djus] 拿出，生产 【单词搭配】produce broker货物买卖经纪人 produce exchange物产交易所 urge ['d]力劝，怂恿