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物主代词与指示代词讲义

出众教育公开课讲义

主讲题目:物主代词与指示代词

授课老师:张纪玲

科目:英语

授课时间:2015年12月4日

一、相关知识点

(一)物主代词

1.定义:1)表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也叫人称代词的所

有格。

2)物主代词的意思是物品主人的代词。

2.分类:物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。

物主代词有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数的物主代词还

有性别的变化。

人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词中文意思

第一人称单数my mine 我的

第二人称单数your yours 你的

第三人称单数his, her, its his, hers, its 他的,她的,它的

第一人称复数our ours 我们的

第二人称复数your yours 你们的

他们的、她们的、第三人称复数their theirs

它们的

3、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的用法区别:

(1)形容词性的物主代词属于限定词,其后必须加名词,形容词性物主代词在句子中只能作定语。

(2)名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词,例如:

Jack's cap 意为The cap is Jack's.

His cap 意为The cap is his.

This is my book意为This book is mine

(3)名词性物主代词在句子中可以作以下成分:主语、宾语、表语

补语

作主语

May I use your pen? Yours works better.

我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。

作宾语

I love my motherland as much as you love yours.

我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

作表语

Her book is blue,mine is red.

她的书是蓝色的,我的是红色的。

作介词宾语

You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。

作主语补语

The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.

我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。

(二)指示代词

1、定义:指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指示或标识人或

事物的代词。指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有

指定的含义,用来起指示作用,或用来代替前面已提到过

的名词。

2、分类:指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两

种形式。

3、句法功能:指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。

主语

This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。

宾语

I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个多于那个。

介词宾语

I didn't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。

There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。

表语

My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。

定语

This room is mine. 这间房间是我的。

4、用法:

(1)this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物,that和those 指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。

如:This is a pen and that's an eraser. 这是一支笔,那是块橡皮擦。

These are boys and those are girls. 这些是男孩,那些是女孩。(2)指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如:I liked this movie today better than that concert last night.

我喜欢今天的这个电影,胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。

(3)指示代词具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人也可指物。但是在相当于名词时一般指物多于指人。

如:I found this wallet. I found this.

我找到了这只皮夹子。我找到了这个。(this 等于this wallet)

Is she going to marry that man?

她打算跟那人结婚吗?(that man不得用that代替,否则有轻蔑之意) (4)相当于名词的指示代词在句中作主语时,则指物指人均可。如:What are these? 那些是什么?(指物)

This is Bill. Is that George?

我是比尔。你是乔治吗?(电话用语)(指人)

(5)打电话过程中,介绍自己时通常用this指代"我",不用代词I;

询问对方时用that指代"你",不用代词you。

如:----Hello. This is Mary. Who's that? 喂,我是玛丽。你是谁?

----This is Tom. 我是汤姆。

(6)当指示代词所指的事物已确定时,后面的指示代词则用it或they 代替。

如:This (suit) is expensive, isn't it? 这套衣服昂贵,不是吗?

"Are those yours?" "Yes, they are."

"那些是你的吗?""是的,它们是我的。"

5、注意事项:

1)指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:

(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。( that作主语,指人)

(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

(错)He is going to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)

(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)

2)That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:

(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

(错) He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人) (对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)

(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)

3)在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时,如果指示代词指人,其回答中的主语仍可以用相应的指示代词,也可以用it或者they;但指事物时,只能用it或者they。例如:

Who's that? That's/It's Liu Dehua.那是谁?那是刘德华。

What are those? They are basketballs. 那些是什么?那些是篮球。

4)在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时,不管指示代词指人还是指物,答语中都用it或they。例如:

Is this a ruler? Yes, it is.

Are those your friends? No, they aren't.

5)为避免重复,有时可用that 或those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物;用this 或these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物。例如:

She's very friendly, and that is why we all love her. 她很友善,这就是我们都喜欢她的原因。

You needn't do this - It's pretty easy. 你不必做这事,那相当容易。

6)向别人介绍某个人时,要说" This is ….",而不说" That is ….",也不能说" He is …."或" She is …."。介绍两个人时,先用" This is …."介绍一个人,然后用" That is …."介绍另一个人。如:

This is Li Ming. Li Ming,this is Wei Hua. 这是李明。李明,这是魏华。

This is my brother and that is my sister. 这是我哥哥,那是我妹妹。

7)one,that 和it的区别:

one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)

我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个) 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物)

我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

二、中考链接

(一)题型分析:

物主代词与指示代词属于英语中的基础知识,不论中考考到的分值多少,都应该牢固掌握并熟练应用。

该知识点在中考中占到的比分为1-2分,而且每年基本上都会考到,最可能出现在单项选择题里面,其他题型中出现的较少。但要注意的是阅读理解中遇到对划线的该类词作解释时,要具体情况具体分析,不可一概而论。

(二)真题再现

1、(2010.安徽)31. -- I need something for cutting the paper.

-- Oh, you want a knife? OK, I'll get ______ for you.

A. it

B. that

C. this

D. one

2、(2011.安徽)49. Hey, Nick. ________ comes the last bus! Hurry up, or we’ll have to wa lk home.

A. This

B. There

C. That

D. It

3、(2012.安徽)37.Whose pen is this?

Oh,it's . I was looking for it everywhere.

A.you

B.yours

C. me

D. mine

4、(2013.安徽)38. --I am a little hungry, Mom.

--There are some cakes on the plate. You can take ________.

A. it

B. one

C. that

D. this

5、(2015.安徽)43. Drive slowly, Mary. ______ is something ahead on the road.

A. It

B. This

C. That

D. There

三、常见题型

(一)选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。

1. This is(my / I)mother.

2. Nice to meet (your / you).

3. (He / His)name is Mark.

4. What’s(she / her)name?

5. Excuse(me / my / I).

(二)用所给代词的正确形式填空。

1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.

2. That is _______( she ) sister.

3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.

4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.

5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America.

6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students.

7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?

8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends.

9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).

10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.

(三)单项选择。

()1. My family ____ a big family. My family ____all here.

A. is, is

B. are, are

C. is, are

D. are, is

()2. This is __________.

A. a picture of family

B. a picture of my family

C. a f amily’s picture

D. a family of my picture ()3. Let’s __________ good friends.

A.be

B.are

C.is

D. am

()4. Is she your aunt? Yes, __________.

A. she’s

B. her is

C. she is

D. he is

()5. Are __________ coats yours? Yes, they are .

A. they

B. these

C.this

D. there

四、用括号中的适当形式填空

A)

(1)A re these ________(you)pencils?

Yes, they are ________(our).

(2)—Whose is this pencil? —It’s ________(I).

(3)I love ________(they)very much.

B)

1. This bike is my sister`s. It belongs to ______ (她的)。

2. This isn`t my book. _______(我的) is in the bag.

3. They quarrelled among __________(他们).

五、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空:

1. Mary works in a book store. _____ likes _____work very much.

2. John and I are in the same school. _____ go to school together.

3. Everybody likes that sport, don't _____?

4. She is a friend of _____ . We got to know each other two years ago.

5. Her sister makes all _____ own dresses.

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