英文翻译练习及答案
>Gandhi’s Assassination: “Bapu (Father) Is Finished”
1）甘地遇刺：“巴普（爸爸/父亲）死了！”
2）甘地不幸遇刺，印度痛失国父。
3）甘地遇刺身亡，圣雄魂归九天。
>New Delhi, January 30, 1948 (United Press Association) --- Mohandas K. Gandhi was assassinated today by a Hindu Extremist whose act plunged India into sorrow and fear.
[合众新闻社 新德里 1948年1月30日电] 莫旱达斯·K·甘地今天遭一名印度教极端分子暗杀身亡，这一暴行使印度举国上下悲痛万分，惊恐不已。
>Gandhi crumpled instantly, putting his hand to his forehead in the Hindu gesture of forgiveness to his assassin. Three bullets penetrated his body at close range, one in the upper right thigh, one in the abdomen, and one in the chest.
甘地当即垮倒在地，同时还按印度教的方式，以手加额，表示宽恕凶手。三发子弹在近距离射中了他的身躯，其中一颗击中右胯，一颗射入腹部，另一颗打中了胸部。
>A panic-stricken Moslem woman echoed the thoughts of thousands with a cry: “God help us all!!!”
一名惊恐万状的穆斯林妇女喊出了众同胞的心声：“真主啊，救救我们吧！”
>There by the thousands they stood weeping silently or moaning a wailing.
在那里成千上万的人或伫立垂泪，或凄切啜泣，或哀声痛哭。
>Within Birla House there was grief and mourning which at least for the moment fused the dissident sects of India --- the Hindus, the Moslems, and the Sikhs -- into a community of sorrow.
在波拉宫，悲痛至少暂时弥合了印度各宗派——印度教徒，伊斯兰教徒和锡克教徒——之间的分歧，使他们融为一体，同声哀悼。
用四字格的好处：
a) Condensing otherwise fussy ideas.
b) Achieving brevity
c) Vivifying a translator’s pen
d) Making translation newsier and more readable
Suggested Approaches
I. Condensing (fussy) ideas or loose structures into four-character Chinese phrases.
>The BBC reporters overwhelmed the police as much with courtesy as with force, and rushed to the scene in time.
英国广播公司记者软磨硬闯，冲破了警察的阻挡，及时赶到事发现场。
>Some personnel executives complained that many college graduates they had interviewed here had two-star abilities with five-star ambitions.
一些人事经理抱怨，在他们面试过的大学毕业生中，其中不少人都是些眼高手低（或好高骛远）之辈。
>… her rich black hair falling freely onto her shoulders, the intensity of her dark eyes.
乌发披肩，亮泽飘逸；一双黑眸，顾盼生辉。
乌亮秀发，瀑垂在肩；一双黑眸，波光潋滟。 (Better)
To be a good translator
l Target language
l Stylistic knowledge
l
Source language
l Professional knowledge
l Cultural impact
II. Make your Chinese more Chinese
>There is no doubt that she is her husband’s professional and intellectual equal.
毫无疑问，她在事业和知识方面都是与其丈夫并驾齐驱的。
>The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer. The more cigarettes smoked by the husband, the greater the threat faced by his non-smoking wife.
这项研究发现，妻子不抽烟而丈夫抽烟的，妻子的肺癌的可能性比一般人大得多。丈夫抽得烟越多，妻子受到的威胁也就越大。
>”The market in China is an almost bottomless pit,” the visiting Nike CEO told reporters here in Shanghai.
“中国的市场无限巨大（或前景无量）。”正在上海访问的耐克公司行政总裁（或首席执行官）对记者如是说。
>Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade.
失业人数居高不下，已持续十多个年头了。
>Companies with a big staff in Beijing find themselves squeezed between high operating costs and shrinking business.
在北京，员工队伍庞大的公司出现了运行成本高，业务量不断萎缩的局面，举步维艰。
>Some state-owned restaurants usually offer slow and rude service, less than appetizing food and appalling toilets.
有些国营饭店通常上菜慢、服务差、饭菜糟、厕所脏。
III. Avoid Misinterpretation
>June’s World Cup in Seoul will be a security nightmare for Japan as well as South Korea.
六月份在首尔举办世界杯，其安全保卫工作不仅对韩国，而且对日本都构成了一个大难题。
>The former White House intern repeatedly implied that she possessed compromising information about Clinton, which was, if published, liable to harm his reelection for presidency.
这名前白宫实习生多次暗示，她掌握着（有损）克林顿（名誉）的负面材料……
>Professor Wang was quoted as sating that his proposal had died a bureaucratic death.
据王教授说，由于官僚主义盛行，他的这一建议（提交后）便石沉大海（或杳无音信/不了了之）。
>According to experts, almost everything about President Bush’s looks and character are an image-maker’s nightmare.
据专家说，布什总统从容貌到性格，几乎每个方面都令其形象设计师大伤脑筋。
>The committee ruled that it was justifiable for government to outlaw pornographic magazines and films if it could show that the materials “degraded” women, thus compromising their equality.
该委员会裁定，假如政府能说明这些色情刊物和电影有辱妇女的人格，损害了她们的平等地位，那么政府查禁这些东西就是正当
的。
>The man was lured (by a bar girl) to a nearby house and secretly filmed in a compromising position with the woman.
该男子（被一吧女）诱骗到附近的一所房子里，他和那女人在一起时被人偷偷摄下了有损其形象的镜头。
>领导干部要讲政治。
Cadres should be politically minded / aware / conscious.
IV. Semantic Translation vs. Pragmatic Translation
Semantic meaning
Pragmatic meaning
Understanding discrepancy
Culture loss
Dynamic / functional equivalence
Culture-loaded words
Culture clashes
不恰当的翻译：
美丽 vs. beautiful
好男人 vs. good man
贫困家庭 vs. poor family
>巧妇难为无米之炊
Even a clever woman (or housewife) cannot make bread without flour; You cannot make something out of nothing.
>宝钗独自行来，顺路进了怡红院……不想步入院中，鸦雀无闻。（红楼梦）
(David Hankes) … Not a bird’s cheep was to be heard.
(杨宪益) … To her surprise, the courtyard was utterly quiet.
>”You chicken!” he cried looking at Tom with contempt.
“你这个狗熊 / 脓包！”他轻蔑的看着汤姆嚷道。
>I thought he must have got married and had a lioness at home.
我猜想他一定结婚了，而且太太还是母老虎。
>I want to see the back of him.
[拙译] 我想看他的后背。
[改译] 我巴不得他快点离开。
>He’s the last man I want to see.
[拙译] 他是我想最后见到的人。
[改译] 他是我最不想见到的人。
>That’s all I want to hear.
[拙译] 这就是我想听到的全部。
[改译] 够了（别再说了）。
>Achieving those targets will be a breeze.
[拙译] 达到这些目标将是一股微风。
[改译] 达到这些目标易如反掌。
>The company’s top executives all are refugees from the country’s bureaucratic and under-financed state research sector.
该公司的高层管理人员都来自该国的国家研究机构，这些机构不仅充满官僚主义气息，而且研究经费不足，他们难以在那里呆下去。
>All told, China has roughly 380 million women between the ages of 15 and 55, and few of them --- particularly in the cities --- want to look any less than the best their budgets allow.
15至55岁的中国女性共约有3.8亿，只要经济条件许可，几乎人人都想把自己打扮的绰约亮丽，这种情况在城市尤为明显。
>Eager to trust but determined to verify, many single women in an age of risky romance are hiring private detectives to check the background of their suitors.
在这个爱情保险系数并非很高的年代，许多单身女子对求婚的人欲信犹疑，于是就纷纷雇用私家侦探去查清对方的身世经历。
>Rich choice tobaccos plus the modern filter make Ken
t the international passport to smoking pleasure.
富含上乘原料，加配新潮过滤嘴，箭牌香烟让全球烟民“烟”福不浅。
>A growing number of parents complain that children nowadays always live ahead of their salaries.
越来越多的父母抱怨，现在子女的生活开销总是大得使他们入不敷出。
>The research find that young women are heading for an early grave through smoking and lack of exercise.
这项研究发现，由于抽烟和缺少运动，青年妇女正行进于减寿之途。
============================================================================
(1) The horse is a useful animal.
这马是一个/种有用的动物。
马是有用的动物。
(2) Carlisle street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meatmarkets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.
卡莱尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下上岗又爬上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后，突然朝着一大片绿色草地中止了。
(3) The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country.
小国人民只要敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器并掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能打败大国的侵略。
不坚持，就会失败。
If you don’t hold on, you will fail.
Keep on, or we’ll fail.
One will fail unless he preserves.
Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.
(聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢这临渴掘井)
In line with the latest trends in fashion, a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.
(有些时装设计师为了赶时髦，舍弃了优雅别致的式样，而一味追求袒胸露体的奇装异服。)
Spring has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves, and the coursing of its streams, and in its sweet restless seeking!
春花含苞欲放，绿叶缓缓舒展，溪水潺潺流淌，欢乐的春天涌现着无限的追求和希望，这一切难以用语言倾诉表达。
The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.
(我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。)
Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.
(在举行个别交谈之前，我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。)
He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身体虽弱，但思想健康。 (X)
他身体虽弱，但精神尚佳 。
He found them pushing needles, thread, pots, pans, ribbons, yarn, scissors and buttons to housewives.
他发现他们在向家庭主妇推销针头线脑、锅碗瓢盆。 (X)
他发现他们在向家庭主妇推销针线、锅罐、绸缎、剪刀和纽扣
。
Hailed as an Iacacca, he now must meet added competition.
他把自己标榜为艾柯卡，眼下一定会遇到更多的竞争对手。 (X)
他把自己标榜为艾柯卡式的金融巨子，眼下一定会遇到更多的竞争对手。
富贵功名若长在，汉水也应西北流。
If wealth and rank were long constant, then indeed might the water of the Han River flow northwest.(X)
Unless could the stream flow backward to its fountain, wealth and honor could remain forever.
… Size don’t matter, chopping wood…
说到劈柴，个头并不重要。 (X)
个头没啥关系，劈柴嘛。。。
=============================================================
We have to analyze and solve problems.
我们要分析问题，解决问题。
Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations.
我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace.
先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。
Nels had it all written out neatly.
纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。
这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。
What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
A large family has its difficulties.
3. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。
The sky is blue, blue;
And the steppe wide, wide;
Over grass that the wind has battered low;
Sheep and oxen roam.
5. 青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。
Green grows the grass upon the bank,
The willow shoots are long and lank.
I am looking forward to the holidays.
我们等待假日的到来。
Much of our morality is customary.
我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
没有调查研究就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.)
2. 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。”
Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”
3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
4. 交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your w
ork well.
5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。
The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.
(One man may steal a horse, while another
may not look over the hedge.)
6. 班门弄斧
Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe
before Lu Ban the master carpenter.
7. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined
equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.
8. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。
So long as green hills remain, there will
never be a shortage of firewood.
A book is useful.
书（是）由用（的）。
The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕太阳转。
On Sundays we have no school.
礼拜天我们不上学。
If you write him, the response would be absolute silence and void.
你写信给他，总是石沉大海。
A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue.
聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。
It isn’t rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back – well, perhaps it is funny, rather!
（一个）女人为了体面（的关系）而要（她的从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并不（是）奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男人要（他从）前（的那个）妻（子）回来，也许是很有趣的事。
我们要培养分析问题、 解决问题的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.
2. 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”
Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”
3. 他们为国家做的事, 比我们所做的多得多。
They have done much more for the state than we have.
For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them.
学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别，则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们来说是外在的写作模式。
In those years the Republicans were in.
那些年是共和党执政。
The music is a gas.
这音乐妙极了。
Saud was a frustrated man at that time.
沙特那时已受挫折。
Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.
. 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。
This experiment is a great success.
这次实验是极为成功的。
1) 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的, 非下苦功不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
2) 一定要少说空话,多做工作。
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
3. 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。
Xu B
eihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good.
4. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片焚毁。
Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.
1 发生了这样的事不是你的错。
It’s not your fault that this has happened.
2 她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以她坚强的毅力写出了一部催人奋进的小说。
A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.
3 一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。
The pupils that had been watching started to applaud.
会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。
The meeting ended in disagreement (without reaching a consensus).
这所大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程六个专业。
This university has six faculties, namely, Computer Science, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geo-physics, Remote Sensing and Genetic Engineering.
我想小李明天不会来了。
I don’t think Xiao Li will com tomorrow.
2 我们的人民解放军无愧于伟大的人民军队的称号。
Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.
3 雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。
Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.
她光着脚走进房间。
She came into the room with no shoes on.
5 法律面前人人平等。
Law is no respecter of persons.
She refrained from laughing.
她忍住了，没有发笑。
She was refused admittance by them.
他们不许她进去。
An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.
良机难再。
All that glitters is not gold.
All is not lost. 并非全失。
But all men are not born to reign. 并非人人生来就都是作帝王的。
All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.
吹捧你的人并非都是你的忠实朋友。
Both children are not clever.
并非两个孩子都聪明。
Private. 闲人莫入。
Keep upright. 切勿倒置。
Wet paint. 油漆未干。
Urban clearway. 市区通道，不准停车。
Inflammables --- keep away from fire.
易燃物品，请勿近火。
No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced. 凭票退还押金。
These visits will operate only if weather permits. 以上参观项目遇雨停止或改期。
If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed.
如果你本人递交证件，只有校方信封保持密封才可以被认为是正视的。（误）
如果证件由申请人本人递交，则本人不得擅自启封，否则证件将视为无效。（正）
这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正促使它们的政府和我们作生意，以至建立外交关系，这是善意的，这就是援助。
The communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their government to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill. This is help.
蒋介石说，中国过去没有内战，只有剿匪；不管叫什么吧，总之要发动反人民的内战。
Chiang Kai-shek says there has never been any “civil war” in China, only “bandit suppression”. Whatever he likes to call it, the fact is he wants to start a civil war against the people.
不和中国的人民民主专政的当局好好地打交道，却要干这些混帐工作，而且公开地发表出来，丢脸！丢脸！
Instead of dealing with the authorities of the Chinese people’s democratic dictatorship in the proper way, Acheson and his like are doing filthy work, and what is more, they have openly published it. What a loss of face! What a loss of face!
蒋介石说要建国，今后就是建什么国的斗争，是建立一个无产阶级领导的人民大众的新民主主义国家呢，还是建立一个大地主大资产阶级专政的半殖民地半封建的国家呢？
Chiang Kai-shek talks about “building the country”. From now on the struggle will be to build what sort of country. To build a new-democratic country of the broad masses under the leadership of the proletariat? Or to build a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country under the dictatorship of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie?
这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白，务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄不躁地作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗地作风。
This must be made clear now in the Party. The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.
我军的现代化，就是要有一支强大的陆军海军空军，要有现代化的武器装备，包括导弹和核武器，要严格训练，要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领，熟练掌握使用现代化武器装备的新技术，以及随之而来的新战术。
Our army’s modernization calls for powerful ground, air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment, including guided missiles and weapons; it calls for rigorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat; it calls for mastery of the new techniques involved in handling modern arms and equipment and of the new tactics entailed.
说话时，已摆了茶果上来。（《红楼梦》，第三回）
Meanwhile refreshments had been served.
当下茶果已撤，贾母命两个老嬷嬷带了黛玉去见两个母舅。（第三回）
Now the refreshments had been cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu to see her two uncles.
林如海已葬入祖坟了，诸事停妥，贾琏方进京的。（16
）
Lin Ruhai had been buried in the ancestral graveyard and his obsequies completed, Jia Lian was able to start back for the capital.
至晚饭后，宝玉因吃了两杯酒，眼饧（xing）耳热之际，若往日则有个袭人等大家喜笑有兴，今日却冷冷清清的一人对灯，好没兴趣。（21）
After dinner, flushed by a few cups of wine, Baoyu would normally have amused himself with Xiren and the others; but this evening he sat all alone, disconsolate, by the lamp.
当下众人七言八语。(25)
By now proposals of all kinds were being made.
“说到曹操，曹操就到”
★ talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear
★ speak of angels, and you will hear their wings
（1）骨折，打了石膏夹板，坐不了车子，只好在村里养着，我去看他，聊天儿，把别的知青偷的鸡送他吃——老知青经常偷老乡的鸡，打老乡的狗，做好了送一些给我。 张辛欣《北京人》
The bone was broken and he had it in plaster, therefore, he couldn’t even take the bus, he just had to sit in the village waiting for it to get better. I used to go to see him for a chat. Sometimes I would take him some chicken or some dog meat which they stole from the peasants and cooked for themselves.
(2)When it came out in a newspaper interview that I said Nixon should resign，
that he was a crook, oh dear, that fur flew.
在一次记者采访时 我说了尼克松应该辞职，他是坏蛋的话。这一谈话在报纸上一批露，啊呀不得了啦，立刻就翻了天。
1. 我身体健康。
I am in good health.
2. 我们各方面的工作都取得了很大的胜利。
We have won great victories in all fields of our work.
3. 床前明月光，疑是地上霜。
举头望明月，低头思故乡。 李白的《静夜思》
译文：
A splash of white on my bedroom floor. Hoarfrost?
I raise my eyes to the moon, the same moon.
As scenes long past come to mind, my eyes fall again on the splash of white, and my heart aches for home. (翁显良)
4. 枯藤老树昏鸦，
小桥流水人家，
古道西风瘦马。
夕阳西下，
断肠人在天涯。 [元]马致远：《天净沙?秋思》
译：
O'er old trees wreathed with rotten vine fly evening crows ;
'Neath tiny bridge beside a cot a clear stream flows ;
On ancient road in western breeze a lean horse goes. (许渊冲)
5.发展要有新思路，改革要有新突破，开放要有新局面，各项工作要有新举措。
We should // It is imperative for us to // come up with new ideas for development, make new breakthroughs in reform, break new ground in opening up and take new moves in all fields of endeavor.
(1) 说好的说好，说坏的说坏，莫衷一是。
Some people say “good” and others “bad”, I don’t know who is right.
(2) 生了女儿
“有啥吃啥”，生了儿子“吃啥有啥”。
A woman can eat just “whatever there is” when she has borne a girl, while she can eat “whatever she wants” when a boy.
(3) 会嫁的嫁儿郎，不会嫁的嫁田庄。
A wise woman marries a good man ,while a stupid just property.
(4) 说是说了，没有结果；做是做了，没有成功。
I have made proposals, but in vain; I have made attempts, but without success.
1.接到你们的贺函，我十分高兴。
I am very happy to have received your message of greetings.
2.现在有机会互相介绍彼此对各种问题的观点，对此，双方认为是有益的。
The two sides found it beneficial to have this opportunity to present to one another their views on a variety of issues.
3.我访问过一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。
There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
4. Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depression at coming to Prague.
佩德拉到布拉格来，原是满怀抑郁，如今开起心来，立即成了女孩们的领袖。
谁都知道，西北地区是艰苦的
As everybody knows, life in the northwest China is harder.
(1)在这短短的十几年内，我们国家发展得这么快，使人民高兴，世界瞩目。
(2) 听君一席话，胜读十年书。
(3) A crashing thunderstorm, with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night stopped Victor Henry from leaving the White House.
(4) It seemed true that New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans.
Answers：
(1) In the short span of the past 10-plus years, the rapid development of our country has delighted the people and focused world attention.
(2) What you told me just now is more and better than what I have learnt from books for ten years.
(3) 雷声隆隆，天空漆黑， 哗啦啦下起大雨来。维克多?亨利就无法离开白宫了。
(4) 新西兰不知道这件事，也没有人同他们商量过这些传闻中的计划，这看来是真的。。
============================================
生活中存在着很多的压力，人们对压力的看法各有不同。有些人认为压力的存在是很有必要的，而另一些人对压力的存在则持有不同的看法。
There are a lot of pressures in life, on which different people have different opinions. Some people think that the existence of pressure is essential, while others hold different viewpoints.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history against the harmful effects of international tourism.
The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material a
nd nonmaterial.
任何社会文化通常都会被分为两种：物质的和非物质的。
我们的朋友遍天下。
a. Our friends are all over the world.
b. We have friends all over the world.
9月10日是教师节。教师在人们的心目中究竟是什么样子呢?清华附中的小记者走出校门，采访了76位路人。采访发现，83%的人认为老师肩负着培养下一代的重任，是提高全民族文化素质的决定因素，值得尊敬。
a. Sept.10 is Teachers Day. What is the image of teachers in people's heart? Little reporters from the secondary school of Qinghua University walked out of their school gate and interviewed 76 passersby. The interview shows that 83% people think that teachers shoulder the important task of educating the next generation, they are the decisive factor of improving the whole people's cultural level, and they are worth of being respected.
b. What’s the teacher's image? On Teacher's Day, Sept.10, a group of teenage reporters from the attached middle school of Qinghua University took a poll on the street on seventy six passersby. Eighty three of those surveyed said that teachers should be held in high esteem because they are committed to the shaping of the younger generation, an undertaking crucial to achieving a higher level of education in China.
I supposed I should be condemned in Hareton Earnshaw’s heart, if not by his mouth, to the lowest pit in the infernal regions …(Wuthering Heights, CH. 18, V.II)
我想，哈雷顿?厄恩肖即便嘴里不说，心里也要诅咒我下到十八层地狱里去。
（地狱的最低层）
Unless you have an ace up your sleeve, we are dished.
除非你有锦囊妙计，否则我们是输定了。
（袖中藏有王牌）
在北京，高楼大厦又如雨后春笋般的涌现出来。
High buildings and large mansions are springing up like mushrooms in Beijing.
Each of us has his carrot and stick. In my case, the stick is my slackening physical condition, which keeps me from beating opponents at tennis whom I overwhelmed two years ago. My carrot is to win. (C. Tucker: Fear of Dearth)
我们人人都有自己的压力和动力。就我而言，这压力就是我日趋衰弱的身体状况，两年前还是我手下败将的网球对手，现在却打不过了。我的动力就是想赢球。
（“胡萝卜加大棒”）
“Didn’t know you were in the States, Mitty,” groaned Remington. “Coals to Newcastle, bringing Mitford and me up here for a tertiary.” (J. Thurber: The Secret Life of Walter Mitty)
“我不知道你就在美国，米迪”雷明顿嘟囔道。“把我和米特福德叫来治这第三期梅毒病，真是多此一举。”
With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.
凭着我的决心，我的运气，还有许多善良人们的帮助，我终于获得了新生。
异化、归化并用互补：
Example:
To kill
two birds with one stone.
一石二鸟
一箭双雕 / 一举两得
All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马
殊途同归
If one is overcome by vanity, he will be account be opened for me and a credit card issued as i request.
Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection is to be left to the nation.
We are coming once again to China in April second week for purchase of Sanitary ware stuff, tiles and other bathroom fittings. We would be staying for 20 days or more. For visa purpose we would like you to issue a invitation letter addressing Mr###and Mr### Agarwal bearing passport no. ########and no.######### respectively.
Please issue the same at the earliest and oblige.
With regards
(为了购买一些卫生清洁器具原料,瓷砖和其它浴室配置,我们将于四月的第二个星期再次来中国.这次行程预计为二十天或以上.考虑到办理签证问题,我们希望你能给我们发一封邀请函.我们的用户名是Mr###and Mr### Agarwal ,护照号no. ########and no.#########
请帮忙尽早按要求发出
谢谢 )
Task 2: Translate from Chinese into English
亲爱的朋友年：你好.首先谢谢你选择我的项目,我已经发送你选择的项目,你可以很快收到,我这里UGG的鞋子都是真品,并且价格比较优惠,比其他卖家更便宜,你可以介绍你的朋友和亲人来购买,但请提前邮件通知我,谢谢.祝愿你有个美好的一天.
(Hi! Firstly, thank you for choosing my project, which have been sent and is expected to arrive before soon. The UGG shoes here I have are of authentic quality, whose price is much lower than that of other sellers. They are real bargains. You could recommend my staff to your friends and relatives, but before hand please inform me by e-mail. Thank you. Have a nice day! )
孩子跟在他身边，一边看着男人忙碌，一边顺手把刚刚拆下来的塑料袋从地上捡起来。
The child who is looking at that busy man is with him, picking up the plastic bag just dismantled on the floor conveniently!
(1) We have decided to place a trial order for the following on the terms stated in your letter.
根据来函条款，我公司决定试订下列货物。
(2) Your information as to discounts for a large order would be appreciated.
请告大批订货的折扣。
(3) Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate.
温度一降低，生长速度就会慢下来。
(4) Public opinion was against the proposal.
舆论反对这个提议
(5) At the scene, all of us were moved to tears.
看到此情此景，我们大家都感动得哭了。
(6) Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then into a huge building.
(他们)沿着大街走，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦。
(7) “…and that government of the people, by the people, for the people…”
民有、民治、民享的政府
(8) I opene
d the window to let fresh air in.
我打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。
(9) When he came back, the computer was still on, which gave him quite a start.
他回来的时候，电脑还开着，把他吓了一跳。
(10) She returned to her parents’ home with her daughter.
她带着女儿回娘家了。
(11) The sight and sound of the army jeeps filled the little boy with special longing.
看到那些军用吉普车，听到它们隆隆的轰鸣，这个小男孩的心理充满了向往。
(12) Recent research discoveries indicate that flu can be spread by hand contacts.
近来，研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。
(13) It is our long-held view that all members of the UN should adhere to the purpose and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and related UN resolutions, and should never, in any form, support Taiwan’s joining the UN or other international organizations whose membership is confined to sovereign states.
我们一贯认为，联合国的所有成员国，都应遵守《联合国宪章》的宗旨、原则及有关联合国决议，不以任何方式支持台湾加入联合国及只能由主权国家参加的其他国际组织。
(14) We found difficulty in finishing the project on time.
我们感觉到按时完成工程很困难。
(15) He is perfect stranger in the city and needs a lot of help from us.
他对这个城市完全陌生，需要我们的大力帮助。
(16) The questions he raised reflected the enormity of his doubts.
他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。
(17) Independent thinking is an absolute necessity for research students.
独立思考对研究生来说是绝对必要的。
(18) It seems that she is still not aware of the danger.
看来她还没有意识到有危险。
(19) Stubbornness has always characterized her way of negotiating.
固执是她谈判方式的一贯特点。（她谈判的特点一向都是固执。）
(20) He personified the absolute power in their eyes.
在他们眼里，他就是绝对权威的化身。
(21) The young man, who looks and talks like a film star, is Li Ming’s brother.
那个相貌言谈像一个明星的年轻人是李明的哥哥。
(22) The film “The Sixth Day” impressed me deeply.
电影《第六日》给我留下了深刻的印象。
(23) The delegation was given a warm welcome by the students.
这个代表团受到了学生的热烈欢迎。
1. Only a few tried to swim across the freezing bay.
只有几个人尝试过游泳穿过冰冷的海湾。
2. In 1950, New York was the only city with more than 10 million inhabitants.
1950年，纽约是唯一超过1千万居民的城市。
3. The nearest sand dune is less than 100 miles from Beijing.
最近的沙丘离北京不足100英里。
4. You can get there by bus.
你可以坐公交车去那里。
5. 要把控制人口、节约资源、保护环境放到
重要位置。
Population control, resources conservation and environment protection should be put in an important place.
6. 本产品的特点是性能可靠、经久耐用。
This product is characterized by its reliable function and durability.
7. 他给我的影响是个老实人。
He impressed me as an honest man.
8. 我在会上很荣幸地见到了那位大名鼎鼎的教授。
I had the honor to meet the famous professor during the conference.
9. 当他感觉到这个年轻人对自己的婚姻可能造成的威胁时，就本能地想尽快摆脱他。
When he felt the potential threat this young man might pose to his marriage, his instinct was to get away from him as soon as possible.
诚信是社会文明程度的重要标志，是整个社会赖以生存和发展的基础。当一个人缺乏诚信，他将失去所有朋友；当一个企业缺乏诚信，它将迅速走向倒闭；当一个国家缺乏诚信，它将无法在国际舞台立足。
Honesty is an important symbol of social civilization level and the basis on which the survival and development of a society relied. A person will lose all his/her friends if he/she is lack of honesty; An enterprise will go to bankruptcy if it is lack of honesty; A nation will be eliminated from the stage of international development if it is lack of honesty.
成功向西方介绍瓷器
It is a success that china has been introduced to western countries.
(To introduce china successfully to western countries.)
One of the largest museums in Guangdong, specializing in Guangdong native people’s history.
（广东最大的博物馆是专门为当地人建立的有关广东历史的博物馆）
广东最大博物馆之一专门展示广东原居民历史.
========================================
(3) The yeomanry are precisely the order of peoplewith whom I feel I can have nothing to do.A degree ortwo lower , and a creditable appearance might interestme ; I might have hope to be useful to their families insome way or other. But a farmer can need none of myhelp ,and is therefore in one sense as much above mynotice as in every other he is below it . (J .Austen :Emma ,Ch. 4 ,V. I)
自耕农正是我感到与我无关的那种人。一个地位低一二等而外貌看来还可靠的人可能引起我的兴趣;我可以希望从这个方面或者从另一个方面给他们家帮点儿忙。不过,一个庄稼汉不可能需要我的帮助,所以在这个意义上说,他高于我注意的范围,正如在所有其他各个意义上,他低于我注意的范围一样。
译者把above my notice 和below it 分别译作“高于我注意的范围”和“低于我注意的范围”,既让人不知所云,从而损害了原作的表达效果,又违背了汉语的行文习惯。用钱钟书先生的话说,属于“生硬的———毋宁说死硬的———翻译”[ 4 ] (P. 96) 。
译者所以做出这样的翻译,无疑是犯了“抱
着‘本义’打天下”的错误: notice 是“注意”,above 是“高于”,below 是“低于”,合起来就成了“高于我注意的范围”、“低于我注意的范围”。译者如果能根据上下文仔细查一查词典,就会发现在这段话里,
notice 应是“关心”、“关注”的意思,above 意为“用不着”、“不需要”, below 意为“不值得”。照此理解,上文的最后一句话若译成“他一方面不需要我关心,另一方面又不值得我关心??”原文的意思便一目了然。
(4) She was a fine and handsome girl —not handsomer than some others ,possibly —but her mobile peony mouth and large innocent eyes added eloquence tocolour and shape. ( Thomas Hardy : Tess of the d’Urbervilles ,Ch. 2)
那是一个俊美可爱的姑娘———也许未必比某些女伴更俊美———但她那灵动的牡丹一样的嘴唇和天真的大眼睛却给她的颜色和形象增添了魅力。
译者把peony mouth 译作“牡丹一样的嘴唇”,
表面看来跟原文很吻合,实际上也是一个语焉不详的译文。细心的读者难免要问:苔丝的嘴唇在哪个意义上跟“牡丹一样”呢? 如果是指颜色,牡丹花有红、黄、白、紫等多种颜色,她的嘴唇又属于哪一种颜色呢? 无疑,这样的译文是把疑难问题抛给了读者。查一查英语词典,原来peony 作为形容词,有这样的意思: resembling peony in colour :
dark red(颜色似牡丹:深红) 。所以,对苔丝嘴唇的描绘,可以传译成“她那两片灵动红艳的嘴唇”。
这样一来,中国读者读起译文来,就跟原文读者读原文取得了相似的感受。
(5) I wondered how she would feel if she learnedthat the Negro before whom she had behaved in such anunlady - like manner was habitually a white man. (J .
H. Griffin :“Into Mississippi”)
我心想:她在一个黑人面前表现得这样没有淑女风度,如果她得知这个黑人习惯上是个白人时,不知她会有什么感觉。
把habitually a white man 译成“习惯上是个白人”,这又是不顾语境和语义,照搬汉语的释义,做出的一个让人迷惑不解的传译。其实,译者只要了解一下文章的作者,就会知道habitually 应该怎样翻译了。原来,该文作者是一个白人记者,为了了解美国南方的种族歧视,化装成一个黑人。因此,这句话里的habitually 实在是actually 的意思,
照此理解,问题便迎刃而解,整句话可以译作:我心下思忖:在一个黑人面前表现得如此有失淑女风度,她若是得知这个黑人其实是个白人时,不知作何感想。
(6) He was looking back. When he saw that shesaw him and was safe with her sister he turned to go ,
sending back the shadow of a smile. (Theodore Dreiser : Sister Carrie , Ch. 1)
译文一:他正回头望着。等他看见她在看
他,
而且已和她姐姐相会了,他报她一个笑影,就转身走了。
译文二:当他注意到:她也看见了他,而且已经和她姐姐安全地呆在一起,他留下一个笑影转身走了。
译文三:看见嘉莉在看他,并且得到她姐姐照料,他给她投去一个笑影,转身就走了。
译文四:当他看到她看见了他,看到她已平安地和姐姐团聚,他朝她留下一个笑影,便转身离去。
四个译文在遣词造句上有着明显的差异,但是又有惊人相似的地方,即四人都把the shadow ofa smile 译成了“笑影”! 汉语中有“笑影”一说吗?
恐怕我们谁也没有看见过,即使从造词的角度看,
也很难设想这两个字能配搭在一起,以后被汉语接纳为一个固定词组,因为“笑影”着实让人费解,
不知究竟讲的是什么意思。几位译者之所以做出这样的翻译,无疑是“字字对译”的结果: smile 是“笑”,shadow 是“影”,连在一起就是“笑影”。译者没有想到shadow 在此已不是“影子”的意思,而是转义成“轻微、迹象”(a slight trace of something) 。
因此,此处还是译成“他冲她微微一笑”为好。
(7) On the morning of a fine June day , my firstbonny little nursling , and the last of the ancient Earnshaw stock , was born. ( E. Bronte : WutheringHeights , Ch. 8 , V. I)
译文一:6 月份一个阳光明媚的早晨,厄恩肖这个古老世家的最后一代继承人出生了,这是第一个我亲自喂养的孩子。
译文二:六月份一个阳光明媚的早晨,我要抚养的第一个小宝宝,也是古老的厄恩肖家族的最后一根苗,出世了。
张德禄对《呼啸山庄》中的这句话做过文体分析:“这句话开头先点出事件发生的时间,然后用较长的两个名词词组说明所涉及的人物,最后两个词点出发生了什么事。这种句式易于产生悬念。”我们再看看两个译文。译文一打乱了原文的句法结构,原文所具有的悬念也就荡然无存;而译文二尊重了原文的句法结构,从而保留了原文所具有的悬念。
我们所说的尽量追循原作的句法结构,指的是在可能的情况下。但在英语中,我们又经常遇到一些跟汉语差异较大的句法结构,无法亦步亦趋地加以炮制,在这种情况下,译者经常要把英语的句法结构改造成汉语的句法结构,否则,硬要坚持原封不动的“对译”,往往会使译入语读者感到费解。例如:
(8) I have no pity ! I have no pity ! The more theworms writhe , the more I yearn to crush out their entrails ! It is a moral teething , and I grind with greaterenergy , in proportion to the increase of pain. ( E.
Bronte : Wuthering Heights , Ch. 14 , V. I)
译文一:我没有怜悯! 我没有怜悯! 虫子越扭动,我越想挤出它们的内脏! 这是一种精
神上的出牙! 它越是痛,我就越要使劲磨。
译文二:我才不讲怜悯呢! 我才不讲怜悯呢！
虫子越扭动,我就越恨不得挤出它们的内脏! 这种心理作用,就像出牙一样,越觉得痛,我就磨得越起劲。
这是《呼啸山庄》的男主角希斯克利夫满怀复仇的激愤,对女管家内莉说的一段话。“这是一种精神上的出牙”,无疑是一句让人不知所云的译文,因为谁也说不清什么叫“精神上的出牙”! 译者所以会写出这样的译文,显然是没有吃透原文精神而硬要逐字死译的结果。其实,结合语境来看,这里的moral teething 应是mental reaction inteething 的意思,与其说是“精神上的出牙”,不如说是“出牙时的心理作用”。译文二的译者在融会贯通的基础上,将之灵活地译成“这种心理作用,
就像出牙一样”,恰到好处地传达了原文的精神,
实现了前后语句的贯通。
(9) Emma understood him; and as soon as shecould recover from the flutter of pleasure , excited bysuch tender consideration , replied. . . ( J . Austen :
Emma , Ch. 13 , V. III)
译文一:爱玛理解他;她一摆脱这种温柔体贴激起的欢乐的激动,就答道??
译文二:爱玛明白他的意思。她受到这般爱怜体恤之情的感动,高兴得激动起来,一等平静下来,就答道??
从句法结构来看,英语重“形合”,其句子通常以主谓结构为主干,以谓语动词为中心,借助诸如分词、介词、连词、关系代词、关系副词之类的连接手段,把句子的其它各个语法成分层层搭架,呈现出由中心向外扩展的“分岔式”结构;而汉语则重“意合”,一般通过多个动词的连用或流水句形式,
按照时间的先后顺序和事理推移的方式,把一件件事交代清楚,呈现出一线形的“排调式”结构。
一句话,英语是用“明示”手段,汉语是用“隐含”方式,来表示各自的语法意义和逻辑关系。译文一忽视了英汉两种语言在形式结构上的这种差异,
采取了“东施效颦”的手法,将recover from the flutter of pleasure , excited by. . . 硬译成“摆脱这种温柔体贴激起的欢乐的激动”,读来非常拗口。译文二在吃透原文意思的基础上,充分考虑到汉语的行文习惯,将这句话译成排调式的“三部曲”:“受到??感动”, “高兴得激动起来”, “一等平静下来”,
就显得文从字顺多了。
(10) She could not desert Tara ; she belonged tothe red acres far more than they could ever belong toher. (M. Mitchell : Gone with the Wind , P. 20)
她不会放弃塔拉;她属于这些红土地,远比它们属于她更加真实。
对于不少中国译者来说,英语的比较级或其变体往往是个棘手的问题,这里就是一个例子。
这位译者也
是生搬硬套原文的句法结构,把farmore than. . . 译成“远比它们属于她更加真实”,语言生硬不说,意思还没有表达明确,让读者感到费解。跟上例的翻译情况相仿,翻译这句话时也应将英文的分岔式“形合”结构,改为汉语的排调式“意合”结构:
她不能放弃塔拉;这块红土地是属于她的,而她更是永远属于这块红土地。这样一来,逻辑关系交代得清清楚楚,读起来也就感到轻省多了。
(11 ) Consequently Mr. Micawber was soon soovercome , that he mingled his tears with hers andmine. (C.Dickens : David Copperfield)
结果密考伯先生不久就伤感地把他的眼泪同她的和我的混合起来了。
原文mingle his tears with hers and mine 是规范的英语,但将之译成“把他的眼泪同她的和我的混合起来了”,可就是“中不中、西不西”、像是“念咒式”的语言了,因为谁也说不清三个人的眼泪是怎么“混合”的! 其实,英文中说谁与谁mingle theirtears ,只不过是“一起哭”的意思(陆谷孙,1991 :
2098) ,并非指眼泪“混合”在一起。因此,这句话可以译作:结果,密考伯先生不久也受不住了,跟她和我一起哭起来了。
(12)“In that case , sir , Adele ought to go toschool ; I am sure you will perceive the necessity ofit . ”
“To get her out of my bride’s way ; who mightotherwise walk over her rather emphatically. ” ( C.
Bronte : Jane Eyre , Ch. 6 , V. II)
“那样的话,先生,阿黛勒应该上学去; 我相信,你会看到这样的必要性。”
“让她离开我新娘要走的路,否则,她会重重地打她身上踩过去。”
在这两句话中,get her out of my bride’s way 和walk over her ,本来都是具有比喻意义的形象说法,现已演变成了普通的成语,前者意为“让路、躲开”,后者意为“轻蔑(盛气凌人) 地对待”,可是上面译文的译者试图照搬原文的形象表达方式,结果做出了中国读者莫名其妙也难以接受的译文。
我们认为,此处还是应该抛开原文形象的表达法,
而译出其蕴涵的意义即可:
“那样的话,先生,阿黛勒该上学去了。我想你肯定会意识到这样做的必要性。”
“让她离开我的新娘远远的,否则,她决不会让她好受。”
(13) I felt , that as to fortune , in all probabilityhe might do much better ; and that as to a rational companion or useful helpmate , he could not do worse. (J .
Austen : Emma , Ch. 8 ,V. I)
我觉得,就财产而言,他很可能会大运亨通,
作为一个理想的伴侣或者有用的丈夫,他也差不多。
这句话的译者也是在亦步亦趋地跟着原文的表达方式走,将might do much better 译作“很可能会大运亨通”,将could not do worse 译作“也差不多”,虽然从字面
上看还不算不堪卒读,但意思上却让人大惑不解:什么叫“大运亨通”,什么叫“差不多”? 其实,前后文交代得清清楚楚,这do muchbetter 也好,do worse 也好,都是相对于娶哈丽特为妻而言的。因此,这句话要译得意义清晰,就必须对译文做出必要的文字增补:
我觉得,就财产而言,他十有八九可以娶一个比哈丽特有钱得多的姑娘;就找一个明白事理的伴侣和有用的帮手而言,他也不可能娶一个还不如哈丽特的姑娘。
(14) From the listless looks of some fellow trotters , I gather I am not alone in my unenthusiasm: Bill- paying , it seems , would be about as diverting.
Nonetheless , we continue to jog ; more , we continue tochoose to jog. (C. Tucker :“Fear of Dearth”)
从跟我一起跑步的一些人的无精打采的神情可以断定,缺乏热情的并非只是我一个人:看来,
付帐也差不多一样有趣。不过,人们还是坚持跑步;而且,还坚持非要跑步。
将unenthusiasm译成“缺乏热情”,表面看来没有什么问题,但读者会为之纳闷:缺乏什么热情?
其实,前文说的清楚,作者“不喜欢跑步”,点明了不是更好吗? 再看“付帐也差不多一样有趣”一句,在逻辑上也很滑稽:作者明明不喜欢跑步,便拿付帐来比喻,实际上应该是说“没有趣”,怎么会变成“有趣”呢? 经过这样的逻辑分析之后,我们可以如此来翻译这两句话:
从跟我一起跑步的一些人的倦怠神情可以断定,不喜欢跑步的并非只有我一个人:看来,这比付帐单也有趣不了多少。不过,人们还是坚持跑步;而且,还就情愿跑步。
====================================================
1/ No hand can make the clock strike for me the hours that we are passed.
2/ It is very difficult to know people and I don’t think one can ever really know any but one’s own countrymen.
3/ They never fail who die in a great cause.
4/ A lie can be halfway round the world before the truth has got its boots on.
5/ So swift was the advance that the German did not have time to destroy the harbor facilities at Antwerp.
6/ The record was considered soft since it was set last May.
7/ Work is the grand cure of all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind.
8/ Then she saw her husband and two middle-aged men who looked like brokers siting at a table in the corner.
9/ We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.
10/ Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.
11/ As the police put it, anything you say may be used as evidence against you. If handwriting reveals character, writing reveals it still more.
12/ Pursue your object, be it what it will, steadily and indefatigably.
参考译文：
1/ 光阴如流
水，一去不复返。
2/了解人不是一件容易的事；我觉得一个人除掉他本国人以外，很难说真正了解什么人。
3/为伟大事业而死，决不是失败。
4/ 真话未出门，谎言行千里。
5/ 盟军进展神速，德军来不及破坏安特卫普的港口设施。
6/ 这个记录是去（今）年五月创造的，人们并不认为这是什么无法超过的记录。
7/ 工作是医治人间一切疾病和厄运的良药。
8/ 不一会儿，她瞧见丈夫跟两个经纪人模样的中年人在屋角的一张桌子边坐着。
9/我们可以读道关于5000年前近东的情况记载，因为在近东，人们首先学会了写字。
10/ 石头不会腐烂，因而远古年代的石器遗留了下来，尽管制作这些器具的人的尸骨早已荡然无存。
11/ 警察有句话：只要你开口，证据就在手。字如其人，文尤如其人。
12/ 不管追求什么目标，都应该坚持不懈。
1/ The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.
2/ I took home a briefcase full of troubles. As I sat down on that hot and humid evening, there seemed to be no solutions to the problems thrashing around in my brain. So I picked up a book, settled into a comfortable chair and applied my own special therapy—super-slow reading.
3/ To the end, the Emperor, like an eagle deprived of its wings, remained submissive to his aunt. Ignorance added to a strong character was a double curse; stupidity joining hands with stubbornness was twice stupid.
4/ The stage of mental comfort to which they had arrived at this hour was one wherein their souls expanded beyond their skins, and spread their personalities warmly through the room.
参考译文：
1/ 世上的莫逆之交可能反目为仇。倾心呵护抚养成人的儿女到头来可能不念养育之恩。我们的至爱亲朋，我们以幸福与名声相托的人，也许会背叛其当初的誓词。
2/ 我带着满满一皮包伤透脑筋的问题回到家里。黄昏时分，既闷热，又潮湿，我坐下来，满脑子翻腾起伏的问题似乎找不到解决的办法。我只好拿起一本书，坐在舒适的椅子里，施展自己的特殊疗法了——那便是超慢速阅读。
3/ 皇上象个剪去双翅的仓鹰，一直对这位大权在握的老伯母必恭必敬，百依百顺。愚而妄，其为祸害则加倍的强烈。愚蠢再与刚愎携手，则愚蠢倍增。
4/ 他们那时所达到的欢畅阶段是：神游身外，脱则形骸，满眼生花，一室生春。
1/ At the beginning of a romance, a person’s habits may seem unimportant or even endearing, but over the long term his nightly snoring or her thing about never raising the windo