江苏省如皋中学2019_2020学年高一英语下学期期初复学考试试题

江苏省如皋中学2019-2020学年高一英语下学期期初复学考试试题

（试卷满分150分, 考试时长120分钟）

I卷选择题部分（总分100分）

第一部分听力（共两节, 满分30分）

做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Why did the woman go to town?

A. Get some money from the bank.

B. Buy some groceries in a market.

C. Pay her bills in the bank.

2. What does the woman most probably want to convey?

A. She feels sorry owing to the man’s failure.

B. She did no better than the man in the contest.

C. She is optimistic that she won’t be the last in the contest.

3. What does the woman most probably mean?

A. She really cannot learn math well without Michael’s help.

B. Mathematics is the last subjects she wants to learn.

C. Michael is the only student who ever helped her with math.

4. What will the woman do this afternoon?

A. Play basketball.

B. Go to see sick Lily.

C. Play volleyball.

5. Who went to attend the meeting in the end?

A. John.

B. The woman.

C. William.

第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话, 回答第6和第7题。

6. What festival is it the day after tomorrow?

A. Christmas.

B. Halloween.

C. Thanksgiving.

7. Who will the woman have dinner with on Christmas?

A. Sam.

B. Paul.

C. Paul’s parents.

听下面一段对话, 回答第8和第9题。

8. Why does the woman look worried?

A. She has been late for work recently.

B. She is not getting on well with her boss.

C. She has trouble taking her children to school.

9. What might the woman think of Alice’s way to deal with her problem?

A. Practical.

B. Strange.

C. Wrong.

听下面一段对话, 回答第10至第12题。

10. What is the problem with the woman?

A. She has no interest in learning a foreign language.

B. She has a headache in learning English.

C. She has difficulty in learning Spanish.

11. What else does the man suggest besides watching movies and practicing regularly?

A. Be confident.

B. Be hardworking.

C. Be honest.

12. What can we learn about the man?

A. He is a language teacher.

B. He is a good language learner.

C. He is a bad language advisor.

听下面一段对话, 回答第13至第16题。

13. How long has Michael Wilson been cooking?

A. For the last twenty years.

B. Since he was twenty years old.

C. Since he was a kid.

14. What does Michael Wilson say about making friends?

A. Having something in common helps a lot.

B. Eating together is a great way to get to know others.

C. Language is necessary for making friends.

15. According to Michael Wilson, where would be a good place to eat beef?

A. New York City.

B. Finland.

C. Shanghai.

16. What does Michael Wilson probably use in his dishes?

A. Complicated sauces.

B. Expensive spices (香料) from around the world.

C. Local fruits and vegetables.

听下面一段独白, 回答第17至第20题。

17. What did Aquila do at the beginning of her speech?

A. She talked about different ways of entertainment.

B. She tried to attract the audience with money.

C. She opened the speech by asking a question.

18. How did Aquila conclude her speech?

A. She persuaded her audience to give up gambling.

B. She ended her speech with a quotation by Mark Twain.

C. She put forward some suggestions on entertainment.

19. What mistake do some speakers make when they prepare a speech?

A. They don’t plan the beginning and end of a speech.

B. They don’t do enough research on their topics.

C. They spend too much time on the introduction.

20. What does the speaker suggest speech-makers do at the end of the passage?

A. Devote enough energy to the introduction and conclusion.

B. Open a speech with some interesting stories.

C. Spend more time on the body of a speech.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节, 满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。

A

Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they’re not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.

The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT认知行为治疗) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.

Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.

A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized(随机的) control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药).

After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.

“It’s an important, cautionary note that we shouldn’t get too carri ed away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists.” says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. “We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when pe ople are depressed.”

“Being depressed can mean feeling in your own small, negative, dark world,” Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. “When you’re emotionally vulnerable(脆弱的), you’re even more in need of a caring human being.” he says.

21. Why have online CBT programs been increasingly popular?

A. Because of their easy and inexpensive access by patients.

B. Because of their effectiveness in fighting depression.

C. Because of their recommendation by primary care doctors.

D. Because of their attraction of changing mood and behavior.

22. What is the conclusion of the experiment done by researchers at the University of York?

A. The online programs are more advanced than regular care from physicians.

B. The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is most effective.

C. Online CBT programs are as ineffective as regular care from physicians.

D. Online CBT programs have no advantages over regular care from physicians.

23. Which of the following can best convey Professor Dowrick’s advice on online programs?

A. They should be used to help people touch these patients.

B. They should not be ignored in primary care.

C. Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.

D. Their use should be encouraged by doctors.

24. What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?

A. A positive state of mind.

B. An advanced CBT program.

C. A devoted doctor.

D. Human interaction.

B

Have you ever wondered why certain pop songs just make you feel so good?

Researchers studying the question found that the right combination of uncertainty and surprise is what gives listeners the most pleasure.

The study, published in the journal Current Biology, involved an analysis of 80,000 chords (和弦) in 745 pop songs from the US Billboard “Hot 100” chart between 1958 and 1991.

The researchers-from institutes in Germany, Norway, Denmark and the UK-used a machine-learning model to quantify the level of uncertainty and surprise of these chords, and then asked 39 adult volunteers to rate how pleasurable they found each series of chords.

Each song was stripped of its melody and lyrics(歌词)so that only chord progressions were left and the results couldn’t be influenced by other associations to the songs that listeners might have had.

They found two things: that participants got greater pleasure when they were relatively certain what would happen next but then were surprised by an unexpected chord progression. However, the same number of participants found it pleasant when they were uncertain as to what would follow, and then the subsequent(随后的) chords were more familiar to them.

“It is fascinating that humans can get pleasure from a piece of music just by how sounds are ordered over time,” Vincent Cheu ng, the lead researcher on the paper from the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany, said in a statement.

“Songs that we find pleasant are likely those that strike a good balance between knowing what is going to happen next and surprising us with something we did not expect. Understanding how music activates our pleasure system in the brain could explain why listening to music might help us feel better when we are feeling blue.”

Cheung told CNN that pleasure in music has a lot to do with what listeners expect. Previous studies had looked into the effects of surprise on pleasure, but he and his colleagues’ study also focused on the uncertainty of listeners’ predictions.

The findings may help improve artificial musical algorithms (算法) and could help composers write music or predict musical trends.

“The idea is that hopefully as a scientist analyzing these patterns of pleasure in humans, you can somehow work out where music can go next,” Peter Harrison, a researcher at Queen Mary University, London, who worked on the project, told CNN.

As part of the same experiment, the researchers also used brain imaging to locate the areas of the brain reflected in musical pleasure. They found the regions involved were the amygdala, the hippocampus and the auditory cortex, which process emotions, learning and memory, and sound, respectively.

Cheung added that another part of the brain, the nucleus accumbens - which processes reward expectations - was perhaps responsible for “directing our attentio n towards the music so that we will try to find out what will happen next.”

25. This passage mainly deals with _____.

A. how composers create pop music trends

B. why popular music makes people happy

C. what kind of music makes people most happy

D. which part of the brain produces happy music

26. The underlined words in Paragraph 5 have the closest meaning to _____.

A. reserved

B. restored

C. removed

D. refreshed

27. We can learn from the passage that __________.

A. pleasure in music is connected with list eners’ expectations

B. findings of this study are of little help to music composing

C. the regions of the brain mentioned process music composing

D. only uncertainty followed by familiarity can bring about pleasure

C

Attacking billionaires is gaining popularity -- especially among candidates to be America’s president. “Every billionaire is a policy failure,” goes a common left-wing (左派的)slogan. In Britain’s election, too, the super-rich are under fire. Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the Labour Party, says that a fair society would contain none.

Left-wingers’ criticizing inequality is nothing new. But the idea that huge personal fortunes are made possible only when government goes wrong is a more novel(新奇的) and serious idea. It is also misguided.

The left’s ac cusation is based on a bit of truth. When competition is fierce and fair, persistently high profits should be difficult to sustain. Yet on both sides of the Atlantic some companies make large profits in concentrated markets, and some billionaires have become successful where competition has failed. For example, Facebook and Google dominate online advertising. About a fifth of America’s billionaires made their money in industries in which government control or market failure is common.

Yet many others operate in competitive markets. The retailers owned by Mike Ashley,

one of Mr Corbyn’s targets, are known for low prices and cruel competition. For every Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Facebook, there are several technology entrepreneurs (创业者) with lots of rivals. Nobody can seriously accuse these innovators of having dominated their markets or of depending on state favors. The same goes for sportsmen such as Michael Jordan or musicians like Jay-Z, billionaires both.

When capitalism functions well, competition reduces profits for some but also produces them for others as entrepreneurs seize more markets. Their success will eventually set off another cycle of disruption(颠覆), but in the meantime fortunes can be made. This process creates vast benefits for society. According to estimates by William Nordhaus, an economist, between 1948 and 2001 innovators captured only 2% of the value they created. Perhaps that is why billionaires are tolerated even by countries with perfect social-democratic system: Sweden and Norway have more billionaires per person than America does.

Taxes should be increased progressively. But that does not justify limitless redistribution or punitive(惩罚性的)tax increase. Ms Warren’s wealth tax has already doubled once during her campaign. Thomas Piketty, an economist behind many of the most-cited inequality statistics, proposes a wealth tax of up to 90% on the richest billionaires. Such expropriation(征收)would surely discourage motivation to innovate and to allocate capital efficiently. An economy with fewer entrepreneurs might have fewer billionaires but would ultimately be less dynamic, leaving everyone worse off.

Whatever Mr Corbyn says, Britain is hardly corrupt by global standards. But it does have a problem with inherited wealth, the source of one-fifth of billionaires’ fortunes. Higher inheritance taxes would be welcome there and in America, where it is too easy to pass wealth between the generations. Besides, a broader agenda of attacking monopoly(垄断) while maintaining dynamism would help weaken over- protection of intellectual-property and copyright, and promote competition in old and new industries alike.

Doing all this would achieve much more than an unfair attack on the rich - and without the associated damage. By all means, correct policy failures. But billionaires are usually the wrong target.

28. The examples of Facebook and Google are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show _____.

A. the situation is unique to America

B. most billionaires benefit from government’s protection

C. some billionaires do succeed in less competitive situations

D. profits are impossible in fiercely competitive industries

29. What will happen when capitalism works well?

A. Tax on the rich will be increased as a punishment.

B. More wealth will be produced for the whole society.

C. Billionaires will get most of the wealth they have created.

D. Billionaires are not accepted even in social-democratic societies.

30. The writer thinks expropriation like Thomas Piketty’s proposal will _____.

A. increase taxes progressively

B. allocate capital more efficiently

C. prevent economic development

D. motivate people to strive for success

31. What does the writer mainly tell us in the last but one paragraph?

A. Intellectual property and copyright protection must be weakened.

B. It makes no sense for the government to increase inheritance taxes.

C. It’s possible to promote market competition without fighting monopoly.

D. Practical measures can be taken to deal with the gap between rich and poor.

D

A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight, but this waterborne drone(无人机)threatens floating rubbish instead of people.

Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.

According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet(1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish(159.6 kg)and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.

By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.

"WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines,"said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."

"Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter(周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17,000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23,000 for the autonomous model."

Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.

32. What do we know about the WasteShark?

A. It can frighten sharks away.

B. It is an ocean explorer.

C. It is a rubbish collector.

D. It can catch fish instead of people.

33. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A. The causes of ocean pollution.

B. The dangers of using plastics.

C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.

D. The importance of ocean protection.

34. What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?

A. Avoid crashing into it.

B. Break it into pieces.

C. Swallow it.

D. Fly over it.

35. Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?

A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.

B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.

C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.

D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）

根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

One of the great benefits of being able to record sound is to make books available for listening. With the appearance of audio recordings, many people were able to hear literary classics read aloud. Audio books are, of course, books read aloud and recorded to be listened to on some kind of player. As sound technology has changed, audio books have changed, as well. 36. Now, books are also available on audio tape or CD.

Talking books are books created for people who have sight problems. Some of these talking books often need special players to be used. Many visually damaged people are able to receive players for free. 37.

CD technology has caused great changes in the talking book industry, since more data can be written on a single disc. 38. So the visually damaged person has a multi-use machine.

39. Some are even read in the form of a play, in which different actors take the parts of the characters in the book. They may also have sound effects or music to help improve the listening experience.

Some book clubs have started offering audio books as part of their services. Libraries also have audio books available and they may also be purchased online or at any book store. 40. Those who feel they do not have time to enjoy the pleasure of a good book may find audio books to be the next best thing.

A.T hey are no longer available only on volumes.

B.M any talking book players will also play music CDs.

C.A udio books are popular with travelers and busy individuals.

D.M any audio books also feature famous actors reading the books.

E.People can listen to a personal music player whenever they want.

F.It is an affordable option if you typically listen to more than one book a month.

G.T hese players enable them to play their talking books independently, without the help of a sighted person.

第三部分语言知识运用（共三节, 满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共20小题, 每小题1分, 满分20分）

Experts are warning about the risks of extreme fussy eating(挑食)after a teenager developed permanent sight loss after living on a diet of chips and crisps.

Since leaving 41 school, the teen had been eating only French fries, Pringles and white bread, as well as a(n) 42 slice of ham or a sausage. At the age of 14, feeling tired and not well, he was diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency(缺乏)and was 43 supplements(补充剂), but he did not 44 the treatment or improve his poor diet. Three years later, he was taken to the Bristol Eye Hospital because of progressive 45 loss.

Dr Denize Atan, who 46 him at the hospital, said, “The teenager ex plained this eating disorder as a dislike of certain textures(结构) of food that he really could not 47 , and so chips and crisps were really the only types of food that he wanted and felt that he could eat.”

48 in B12 as well as some other important vitamins and minerals, he was not over or underweight, but was 49 malnourished (lacking nutrition) from his food intake disorder. “He had lost minerals from his bone, which was really quite 50 for a boy of his age.”

In terms of his sight loss, he met the 51 for being registered blind. Dr Atan said, “He can’t drive and would find it really difficult to 52 , watch TV or recognize faces. He can walk around on his own, 53 , because he doesn’t lose peripheral(周边的)vision.”

The condition the young man has is treatable 54 diagnosed early. Left too long, however, the nerve fibers in the optic nerve die and the damage becomes 55 . Dr Atan said cases like this are thankfully uncommon, but that parents should 56 the potential harm that can be caused by picky eating, and seek expert help.

Dr Atan said vegans(素食主义者)are also at increased risk of B12 deficiency- related sight problems if they do not replace what they can lack when 57 meat from their diet.

“Multiv itamin tablets can supplement a diet, but are not a(n) 58 for eating healthily. It’s much better to 59 vitamins through a varied and balanced diet,” she said, adding that too much of certain vitamins, including vitamin A, can be 60 , “so you don’t want to overdo it”.

41. A. vocational B. primary C. middle D. special

42. A. funny B. rigid C. occasional D. raw

43. A. forbidden B. denied C. prescribed D. offered

44. A. stick with B. cope with C. play with D. go with

45. A. diet B. sight C. weight D. wit

46. A. cured B. studied C. instructed D. treated

47. A. describe B. recognize C. tolerate D. receive

48. A. Abundant B. Lost C. Backward D. Lacking

49. A. severely B. scarcely C. seemingly D. sincerely

50. A. amusing B. normal C. shocking D. typical

51. A. situations B. criteria C. deadlines D. challenges

52. A. read B. sing C. dance D. laugh

53. A. even B. though C. still D. yet

54. A. since B. unless C. after D. if

55. A. persistent B. periodic C. persevering D. permanent

56. A. wake up to B. live up to C. stand up to D. come up to

57. A. excluding B. separating C. including D. distinguishing

58. A. companion B. substitute C. suggestion D. explanation

59. A. take off B. take after C. take in D. take over

60. A. rewarding B. compulsory C. restrictive D. poisonous

II卷非选择题部分（总分50分）

第二节：语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1分, 满分10分)

阅读下面短文, 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 61._____ farm, which looked almost abandoned. 62._____ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 63._____ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 64._____ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 65._____ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 66._____ (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living 67._____ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 68._____ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 69._____ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to 70._____ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

第四部分词汇与短语（共两节；满分20分）

第一节根据所给首字母及句意填空, 注意使用单词的正确形式（每题1分, 满分10分）

71.O in a very important experiment he would not attend the party.

72.He felt g about forgetting her birthday again.

73.His d to the study of Loulan has made him a famous expert in this field.

74.When it comes to a , we must all use our intelligence and not be a slave to them, especially the commercial ones!

75.I feel b by my friend Hannah.

76.The Chinese language d from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.

77.The Foreign Language School a 500 students each year.

78.The Eagles went home angry and b because they did not win the tournament.

79.However, with the r now keeping a close watch on the Eagles, they struggled and lost their next match.

80.Many films have events that could never happen in r , but could only exist in the magic of film.

第二节选择合适的短语填空, 注意使用正确形式（每题1分, 满分10分）

81.I do not think it is a good idea to destroy the environment in order to ________ the building of factories.

82.When the salesman said the car was in good condition, I was foolish enough to ________ it.

83.________, people eat moon cakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival.

84.You should ________ your present job until you can get another.

85.Can you tell me what the letter ‘O’ ________ in ‘UFO’?

86.Dan ________ his new book now. It will come out next June.

87.Jonathan is running for chairman of the board. He is willing to do anything to defeat those who ________.

88.I ________ Michael! He always plays his CDs so loud that I cannot study at all.

89.During the American Civil War, a great many blacks ________ their owners and fought together with the northern troops.

90.Jane ________ a cold and was absent from school yesterday.

第五部分概要写作（满分20分）

阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

For hundreds of years, education has been closely connected to writing. Professors had been writing down their lectures, and students had been keeping notes after their teachers. Goose feathers and parchment (羊皮纸) changed to ballpoint pens and paper, but the essence has remained the same: knowledge passed down from one person to another must be thoroughly recorded.

With the emergence and development of mobile technologies such as laptops and smartphones, using conventional methods is gradually becoming obsolete (废弃的). Students tend to use laptops in class more often than pens and paper. And although there are still many educational institutions that ban using computers in class, there are many arguments in favor of doing so.

On the one hand, let us face reality: people do not write as much today as they used to several years ago. This is especially true in the case of the youth: teenagers and young adults tend to feel more confident and comfortable typing on their devices rather than with handwriting. Keeping records after a teacher in class requires a student to write very fast, which often decreases the readability of the notes taken. Sometimes it can be quite difficult for a student to understand what he or she hurriedly wrote down in class. At the same time, typing on a laptop helps write the important information down in a comprehensible and accurate way. Also, handwriting always

involves grammatical mistakes, typos, blots (墨水迹), and so on. Obviously, students experience little-to-none of such problems while using computers.

On the other hand, technology is something youth nowadays have got so accustomed to that without it, they operate less efficiently. Students are native to such devices as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and other gadgets, and naturally incorporate them in whatever they do, be it leisure time or studying. Not allowing students to use tablets in class means to deprive (剥夺) them of something that is almost a part of them and of their daily lives. If young people know how to use technology to their advantage and increase their studying effectiveness with its help, why forbid them from doing it?

2019-2020学年江苏省如皋中学高一下学期复学考试--英语

参考答案

听力:

1. ABACC 6. CACAC 11. ABCBA 16. CCBAA

阅读理解：

21. ADCD 25. BCA 28. CBCD 32. CCAB

阅读七选五：36. AGBDC

完形填空：

41. BCCAB 46. DCDAC 51. BABDD 56. AABCD

语法填空：

61. a 62. Luckily 63. for 64. was left 65. when 66. fell 67. without 68. to sell 69. where 70. him

单词拼写：

71. Occupied 72. guilty 73. devotion 74. advertisements

75. betrayed

76. differs 77. admits 78. bitter 79. referees 80. reality

短语填空

81. make way for 82. fall for 83. By tradition 84. hang on to

85. stands for

86. is working on 87. stand in his path 88. have had enough of 89. rose up against

90. came down with

概要写作

For centuries, knowledge has been recorded with handwriting. However, with such technologies as laptops developing, traditional recording methods are outdated. Many educational departments prohibiting it, many arguments are for using computers in class. For one thing, tying on devices can record information comprehensibly and accurately and avoid unnecessary mistakes. For another, accustomed to devices and taking advantage of them to study effectively, students should not be banned.

听力录音材料

Text 1

M: Did you go to town this morning?

W: Yes. I had to draw some money from the bank to pay my grocery bills.

Text 2

M: Oh dear. I am afraid of being the last again in the speech contest on Sunday. It’s already the second time I took part in it.

W: Be optimistic. I have the same experience. Let’s try a third time.

Text 3

M: Your math score is so low. When was the last time you passed the math exam? W: It was before Michael transferred to another school. He has been so helpful that I simply cannot understand all those math principles without him.

Text 4

M: Are you free this afternoon, Mary? If you have spare time, will you join us in playing volleyball? Lily has got a bad cold so she couldn’t play.

W: I’d like to. Anyway my basketball lesson was c ancelled, and as long as I can go swimming at 7 p.m. that’s OK.

Text 5

W: John, why didn’t you answer my telephone call this morning? I called you as there was a meeting you should go to.

M: Really? My cell-phone ran out of power. I couldn’t recharge it.

W: Oh, I see. I asked William to go instead.

M: What a pity!

Text 6

M: Linda, glad to see you here. I’d like to invite you to my parents’ house for a Thanksgiving turkey dinner the day after tomorrow.

W: Oh. I’d love to. Thank you, Sam. But I just told Paul Sullivan I’d be happy to go to his home on Thanksgiving.

M: Well, I see. I should have invited you earlier. How about coming over for Christmas dinner?

W: Yes, I’d love to.

M: OK, I’ll send you a little note with the details.

W: Thanks. I look forward to seeing you then.

Text 7

M: Hi, Jean. You look worried. Is everything OK?

W: Well, my new boss is expecting us to start work at 8 o’clock in the morning. But I have to take our children to school. That means I’ll be late for work. And you can’t spare any time to do it.

M: Oh, dear ... er ... but not a surprise. My friend Alice had a similar problem last year.

W: How did she settle it?

M: She didn’t do anything at first. But in the end she told it to her boss. He said he hadn’t realized the early start woul d present a problem and he agreed to let them start half an hour late.

W: That’s great. Perhaps I should deal with it the same way.

Text 8

W: Phil, you speak quite good Spanish. How did you learn a foreign language so well? You know, Spanish is really a headache for me.

M: Well, when learning a foreign language, I would surround myself in the language that I wanted to learn.

W: Surround yourself in the language? Can you explain how you do it?

M: Uh, for example, I would watch a movie in that language, to help me learn vocabulary and phrases.

W: That sounds interesting.

M: Yeah, you’ll have a lot of fun by doing so.

W: I see. A little bit of practice every day is very important in language learning. M: Yes. Regular practice is better than practicing a lot in one day.

W: Then what else?

M: Have more confidence, and you get more out of learning the language, I think. W: Really? I’ll try that. Thank you very much!

M: You’re welcome.

Text 9

W: Our guest today is Chef Michael Wilson. Thanks again for joining us, Mr. Wilson. M: Oh, it’s my pleasure. And please, call me Mike.

W: OK, Mike, you’ve been cooking since you were a kid, and you’ve been a professional chef for over twenty years. What is it about cooking that you love so much?

M: It’s the best way for people to communicate, in my opinion. You don’t need language, you don’t have to have anything in common. All you need is to like to eat and drink. It’s easy to make new friends when you share a meal together.

W: So, what are some of the differences in the food of different countries?

M: Well, in the West, people eat a lot of bread, while in Asia, rice and noodles are

more common. Beef is very common in countries like the Unites States, but it’s not as popular in Northern Europe.

W: What do you think is the most important factor in cooking?

M: I think that fresh, local ingredients are the most important part of any type of cooking. Using the best of what a particular place has to offer, rather than fancy sauces or expensive spices, usually results in the best dishes.

Text 10

At the beginning of a speech, student speaker Kathie Aquila raised a question: “On what form of entertainment do Americans spend the greatest amount of money? It’s not recorded music, nor sports events, nor r ock concerts, nor theme parks.” Then she gave the answer: legalized gambling, on which Americans each year spend $340 billion—more money than they spend on all other forms of entertainment. In the body of the speech, Aquila tried to persuade her audience that gambling is a waste of money and time. Then she closed the speech with a quotation by Mark Twain: “There are two times in your life when you should not gamble: when you can’t afford it and when you can.” Aquila’s speech was lively and impressive, partl y because she used an interesting introduction and a memorable conclusion.

Some speakers make no plans for the beginning and end of a speech. This is a mistake. If you don’t have a lively introduction, you can lose your audience. “People have remote contr ols in their heads today,” says Myrna Marofsky, a business executive. “If you don’t catch their interest, they just click you off.” And a weak conclusion can damage the effectiveness of what otherwise might have been a good speech. Since the introduction and conclusion are extremely important, devote as much time and energy to them as you give to the body of the speech.

阅读理解

A篇【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要说明了对抗抑郁症的在线项目已经商业化了。虽然它们听起来很有效，而且节省成本，但最近的一项研究报告称，它们并不有效，主要是因为抑

郁症患者不太可能与它们接触或坚持。文章说明了一项随机对照试验的过程和结果，以及相

关人员对计算机辅助认知行为疗法（CBT）的看法。

21. 细节理解题。根据第三段中However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.可知在线CBT程序已变得越来越流行，其吸引人之处在于，只要有人可以访问计算机，便可以提供低成本的帮助。由此可知，网络CBT项目越来越受欢迎因为它们容易获得而

且价格低廉。

22. 细节理解题。根据第二段The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.可知该研究对计算机辅助认知行为疗法（CBT）进行了研究，发现该疗法在治疗抑郁症方面并不比从初级保健医生那里获得的常规护理更有效。由此可知，约克大学研究人员的实验结论表明在线CBT项目与医生

的常规护理相比没有优势。

23. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It’s an important, cautionary note that we shouldn’t get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists.” says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. 可知“这是一个重要的警告，我们不应该被计算机系统可以取代医生和治疗师的想法冲昏头脑。”利物浦大学初级医疗保健教授Christopher Dowrick说。分析选项可推知，C选项“在线课程的效力不应被高估”符合Dowrick教授的观点。

24. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中"When you’re emotionally vulnerable (脆弱的), y ou’re even more in need of a caring human being.” he says.可知“当你情绪脆弱时，你更需要一个有爱心的人。”他说。由此可知，四。对一个感情脆弱的人来说，人际交往更重要。

B篇【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章借助研究成果向我们解释了为什么某些流行歌曲能让我们感到如此愉快。研究人员发现，恰到好处地融合不确定和惊奇因素是让倾听者感到愉悦的原因。文章中还具体阐述了实验的过程。

25. 主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，文章主旨句通常来源于第一段。根据首段Have you ever wondered why certain pop songs just make you feel so good?（你曾经考虑过为什么某种流行音乐能让你感觉好吗？）可知，这篇文章主要就是来解决这一疑问的。

26. 词义猜测题。结合上下文。根据划线单词后面的so that only chord progressions were left（这样只有和弦进行被保留下来）中的only…were left可知，其他的都被去除了。A. reserved预订, 预约；B. restored使复原, 使复位；C. removed移除；D. refreshed使恢复精力。

27. 细节理解题。由第二段中的Researchers studying the question found that the right combination of uncertainty and surprise is what gives listeners the most pleasure.（这个问题的研究人员发现是不确定性与惊奇的完美结合给了听众最大的快乐）与第八段中的Songs that we find pleasant are likely those which strike a good balance between knowing what is going to happen next and surprising us with something we did not expect.（我们发现能让我们感到快乐的歌曲很可能是那些在即将发生什么与用我们想不到的东西给我们一个惊喜之间达到很好平衡的歌曲）可知，音乐中的快乐与听着的期望是联系在一起的。【点睛】

主旨大意题是篇章阅读一个主要的考察方式，文章中心题是其一种典型的考察形式。文章中心题的解题技巧是不要被文章细节所干扰。一般有两种方式解题：一是看首尾段，根据首尾段内容总结文章中心；二是看每段段首句，根据所有段首句总结文章中心。本题中的第一题就是文章中心题。由于这是一篇说明文，所以我们一般可以在文章前两段内容中找到文章中心内容。阅读文章，我们可以发现，第一段通过一个问句就点明了文章想要为大家解释的问题，即：你可曾好奇过为什么某些流行歌曲会让你感觉这么愉快？，由此可知文章主要就是想向读者解释为什么某些流行歌曲会让你感觉这么愉快。所以在找文章中心时，记得借助篇章结构的知识。

C篇【解析】这是一篇议论文。在美国的总统候选人当中，打击富人是很受欢迎的一种政治观点。这篇文章很好的分析了这种观点的根基以及问题。并传达给读者一个信息：只有极少数亿万富翁是由于政策失败导致的，不分青红皂白地攻击超级富豪弊大于利。

28. 细节理解题。题干询问第三段脸书与谷歌的例子是为了证明什么的？例子是为主题服务的。第三段的例子前面的中心句是“Yet on both sides of the Atlantic some companies make large profits in concentrated markets, and some billionaires have become successful where competition has failed。然而，在大西洋两岸，一些公司在集中的市场中获得丰厚的利润。一些亿万富翁在竞争失败的地方蓬勃发展起来。”，由此可知本段中的举例主要是说明一些百亿富翁是在更少的竞争环境下获得成功。故选C。

29. 细节理解题。抓住题目中的关键词when capitalism works well定位文中第五段When capitalism functions well, competition reduces profits for some but also produces them for others as entrepreneurs seize more markets. （当资本运行好的时候，竞争会降低一些人的利润，但是同时可以让一些创业者进入市场）和This process creates vast benefits for society. （这个过程可以为社会创造很大的利益）可知，当资本运行好的时候，会为社会创造更多的财富。故选B。

30. 细节理解题。抓住题目中的关键词expropriation like Thomas Piketty’s proposal

定位于文中第六段最后两句，即Such expropriation(征收)would surely discourage motivation to innovate and to allocate capital efficiently. An economy with fewer entrepreneurs might have fewer billionaires but would ultimately be less dynamic, leaving everyone worse off.（这样的征收会打击革新与合理分配资本的积极性。几乎没有或者很少有创业者的经济最终会变得没有活力，让每个人变得更糟），由此可知，Thomas Piketty的建议会阻碍经济发展。故选C。

31. 主旨大意题。倒数第二段主要涉及到了两个方面的内容：一个是在英国和美国可以征收

高的遗产税，第二个是更广泛的打击垄断的议程应该被实行。再由最后一段中第一句“Doing all this would achieve much more than an unfair attack on the rich - and without the associated damage.（这样做比单纯不公平地打击富人有意义的多---而且没有相关的危害）”可知，倒数第二段主要介绍了能够缩小穷人与富人差距的方法。故选D。

【点睛】

细节理解题中，例子题是常见的一种考查方式。解这类题目时，同学们不能反复读例子，沉迷在例子中自己猜测例子的意思，而是要借助篇章结构的逻辑：例子是为证明段落中心服务的，来解题。这样做题才可以做到有的放矢。例如本题中的第一题，就考查第三段脸书与谷歌的例子是为了证明什么？那么我们就需要在段落前几句内找到段落的中心句，明确这段作者想要说明什么，也就是例子的目的了。具体解题步骤见详解。这种做题方法简单，准确度高，同学们要很好的掌握。

D篇【解析】本文属于说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

32. 细节理解题。根据第二段Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的。

33. 主旨大意题。根据第四段By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性。

34. 细节理解题。根据第五段Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退。

35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的。

阅读七选五【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了有声书指的是大声朗读和录音的书，可以在某种播放器上听。文章说明了有声读物给人们带来的一些便利，以及有声读物的一些优点。

36. 根据上文As sound technology has changed, audio books have changed, as well.(随着声音技术的变化，有声读物也发生了变化)以及后文Now, books are also available on audio tape or CD.(现在，可以通过录音磁带或者CD来读书籍)说明除了直接读书，人们也可以直接听书。故A选项“他们不再只是有声的”符合上下文语境。

37. 结合上文Talking books are books created for people who have sight problems.(有声书是为视力有问题的人设计)以及Many visually damaged people are able to receive players for free.可知许多视觉受损的人可以免费收到播放器。由此可知，这些给视力有问题的人准备的播放器，可以让这些人独立完成播放有声书，不需要他人的帮助。故G选项“这些播放器使他们能够独立地播放他们的有声书，而不需要有视力的人的帮助”符合上下文语境。

38. 根据后文So the visually damaged person has a multi-use machine.可知, 所以视觉受损的人有一个多功能的机器。由此可知这些有声书播放器也有别的功能，如播放音乐CD。故B选项“许多有声书播放器也会播放音乐CD”符合上下文语境。

39. 根据后文Some are even read in the form of a play, in which different actors take the parts of the characters in the book.可知有些书甚至以戏剧的形式阅读，不同的演员在书中扮演不同的角色。由此可知，有声书配有演员的朗读。故D选项“许多有声书还配有著名演员朗读”符合上下文语境。

40. 根据后文Those who feel they do not have time to enjoy the pleasure of a good book may find audio books to be the next best thing.可知那些觉得自己没有时间享受好书带来的乐趣的人可能会发现有声读物是下一个最好的选择。由此可知，有声书适合那些没有时间阅读好书的忙碌人士，故C选项“有声书很受旅行者和忙碌人士的欢迎”符合上下文语境。

完形填空【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文讲述的是挑食会引起永久的失去视力，通过一个实例告诉我们挑食会引起的严重后果应该引起家长的重视。同时提醒素食主义者也存在这样的风险。最后告诉我们过多的食用维他命会中毒。

41. 考查形容词辨析。句意：自从离开小学后，这名青少年就一直只吃薯条、薯片和白面包。根据这一段后面的at the age of 14, feeling tired and not well,（14岁的时候，他感觉到累还不舒服），可知，14岁是上中学的年龄，所以应该是他离开小学后就一直吃薯条、薯片和白面包。A. vocational职业的；B. primary初级的；C. middle中级；D. special特殊的。primary school意为“小学”。

42. 考查形容词辨析。句意：偶尔吃点薄片火腿或者腊肠。A. funny有趣的；B. rigid严格的，死板的；C. occasional偶然的，临时的；D. raw生的，未经加工的。空格处单词与前半句中的had been eating（经常吃）为反义呼应。

43. 考查动词辨析。句意：在14岁的时候，他感觉累并且不舒服，被诊断出缺乏维他命B12，并被开了处方补充剂，但是他没有继续治疗或者改善饮食。A. forbidden 禁止；B. denied 否认；C. prescribed 开处方；D. offered提供。由这句话中的diagnosed可知，他去看医生，并可推断是医生给他开了药方补充剂。

44. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. stick with坚持，继续做；B. cope with处理；C. play with与……一起玩；D. go with与……一起存在。前面的but表示转折关系，可推知医生开了处方，他没有继续按照处方进行治疗。

45. 考查名词辨析。句意：三年之后，因为逐渐的视力衰退，他被带到眼科医院。A. diet饮食；B. sight视力；C. weight体重；D. wit风趣，才思。根据第一段的sight loss或者前面的Eye Hospital可推知，他的视力出现了问题。

46. 考查动词辨析。句意：Dr Denize Atan，在医院给他进行治疗的医生说“这个孩子解释他的饮食紊乱是因为不喜欢某些事物的材质，这些材质让他真的无法忍受，因此，薯片和薯条成了他喜欢的。”A. cured治愈；B. studied学习，研究；C. instructed指示，命令；

D. treated以……态度对待，处理。cure是治愈的意思，与文意不符合。

47. 考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. describe描述，形容；B. recognize认识，认出；C. tolerate 容忍，允许；D. receive拿到，接到。由句子中的a dislike of可知，他不喜欢食物是因为不能忍受那些材质。

48. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：缺乏B12和其他一些重要的维他命和矿物质，他不会超重，但是会严重缺乏营养。be abundant in 富含；be lost in 沉浸于；be lacking in 缺乏，确少，backward向后的，朝后的。空格处单词与这句话括号内的lacking呼应。

49. 考查副词辨析。句意同上。A. severely严重的；B. scarcely几乎不，仅仅；C. seemingly 好像；D. sincerely真诚的。由下句中的He had lost minerals from his bone（他的骨头缺了矿物质）可知，他会严重缺乏营养。

50. 考查形容词辨析。句意：他骨头里已经失去了矿物质，这对于他这个年纪的孩子来说是很令人震惊的。A. amusing逗人笑的，有乐趣的；B. normal正常的；C. shocking令人震惊的；D. typical典型的。空格处单词与下文中“cases like this are thankfully uncommon （像这样的案例不常见）”中的uncommon呼应，说明他这种情况令人震惊。

51. 考查名词辨析。句意：就视力失去而言，他满足了被诊断眼盲的标准。A. situations 情况；B. criteria 标准，条件；C. deadlines 期限；D. challenges挑战。由下句“He can’t drive（他不能开车）”可推知，他的视力满足了被诊断眼盲的标准。

52. 考查动词辨析。句意：他不可能开车了并且读书看电视或者识别脸都是很难的。A. read 读书；B. sing唱歌；C. dance跳舞；D. laugh笑。由于空格后的watch、recognize都与视力有关，所以空格处也应填一个并列的与视力有关的词。

53. 考查副词。句意：但是他可以自己走路，因为对周围的视力还没有失去。这边考查前后转折，though作“但是”的时候通常位于句尾；still和yet 解释“但是”的时候位于句首。

even（甚至，连）不表示转折关系。

54. 考查连词。句意：这个年轻人的情况如果早诊断是可以治疗的。A. since因为，自从； B. unless除非；C. after在……之后；D. if如果。根据句意，他现在已经被诊断为眼盲，所以这句话是假设的一种情况。

55. 考查形容词辨析。句意：然而，被拖了太长时间了，他的视神经中的神经纤维已经坏死，这个损伤是永久的。A. persistent 固执的，持续；B. periodic周期的；C. persevering

坚韧的；D. permanent永久的。由句中的Left too long（拖得太久了）可推知，这种损伤已经是永久的了。

56. 考查动词短语。句意：家长应该意识到由挑食引起的潜在的伤害并且寻求专家的帮助。

A. wake up to 意识到，认识到；

B. live up to 不辜负，达到；

C. stand up to 勇敢面对，抵抗；

D. come up to 达到，等于。根据句意，作者提醒大家意识到这种潜在的伤害。

57. 考查动词辨析。句意：素食主义者同样也有与缺乏B12相关的视力问题的风险，如果不去代替可能缺少的肉类中的物质。A. excluding不包括，排除；B. separating分离； C. including包含；D. distinguishing区分，辨别。根据句中的“vegans”可知，他们不吃肉，所以会缺少肉类中的物质。

58. 考查名词辨析。句意：多元维他命药片可能会有补充，但是不能代替健康饮食。A. companion旅伴，伴侣；B. substitute代替；C. suggestion建议；D. explanation解释。根据句意，多元维生素片只是一种补充，不是替代品。

59. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过多样的健康的饮食能够更好的吸收维他命。A. take off 脱掉，起飞，腾飞，迅速流行；B. take after照顾；C. take in 吸收，欺骗；D. take over 接管。由于宾语是vitamins,且根据句意只能翻译为“吸收”。

60. 考查形容词辨析。句意：太多的某种维他命，包括维他命A，有可能是有毒的，所以你不要过多的服用。A. rewarding有益的，有报酬的；B. compulsory 义务的，强制的；C. restrictive限制的，约束了； D. poisonous有毒的。由句中的“you don’t want to overdo it（你不能做的过了）”可知，过多服用不好。

语法填空【解析】本文属于记叙文，讲述了Johnson赖以为生的奶牛摔死以后，他努力开发被人抛弃的农场的潜力得以生活下去的事情。

61. 考查冠词。本句中使用不定冠词a，表示泛指。句意：他有一个农村，这个农场看上去好像是被抛弃的。故填a。

62. 考查副词。根据后一句：他有一头奶牛，每天都产奶。这对他来说是一件很幸运的事情。所以本句中使用副词luckily作状语修饰整个句子。故填Luckily。

63. 考查固定搭配。短语exchange.... for....用...交换....；他到城里卖掉牛奶或把一些牛奶换成其他食物，用剩下的牛奶做奶酪或黄油。故填for。

64. 考查时态语态。根据本文第一句可知本文叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以要使用一般过去时。同时根据句意可知他把剩下的牛奶做成奶酪和黄油。所以使用被动语态was left。65. 考查固定句式。句式be doing sth when...作者做某事在这时发生了意料之外的事情。其中的when是一个并列连词。句意：有一天奶牛正在吃草在这时开始下起了大雨。故填when。

66. 考查时态。本文叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。奶牛在跑的时候，摔下了山，死掉了。故填fell。

67. 考查上下文串联。根据上句可知奶牛摔死了，所以他努力地在没有奶牛的情况下活下去。故填without。

68. 考查不定式用法。在高中英语中，常常使用不定式充当目的状语。本句表示他砍树来卖木材谋生。故填to sell。

69. 考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the market，关系代词where引导定语从句，并在句中充当地点状语。故填where。

70. 考查代词。本句是一个固定句型：sth occur to sb某人突然想起某事；本句中的it就是指文章的主人公Mr. Johnson。故填him。

65题考查了固定句型“be doing sth when...”，其中的连词when是一个并列连词，意为“在那时...”，

并列连词 when 和引导时间状语从句的从属连词 when 是不同的。这主要表现在以下几个方面：

1. 位置： when 引导时间状语从句时，该从句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后；而并列连词 when 只能位于两个分句之间，而且前面常常有逗号。例如：

Come when you please. 你高兴来就来吧。（ when 为从属连词）

When I saw him， he was writing to a friend of his. 我看见他时，他在给一个朋友写信。（ when 为从属连词）

I was taking a walk， when I came across him. 我正在散步，突然碰见了他。

2. 意义： when 作从属连词用时，它所引导的从句表示主句中谓语动词动作发生的时间，即作“当……时”解；而并列连词 when 连接的两个分句中，第一个分句表示的是背景，第二个分句表示的是一种突然的、意想不到的情况或过早发生的事情。 when 通常含“这时突然”之义。例如：

I was thinking of this， when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。

I had just fallen asleep， when the boor-bell rang. 我刚入睡，门铃突然响了起来。这种意义在孤立的句子中可以理解到，在文章中更能体会得到。如在“ I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop ”一句中，“在街头漫步”只是“看见有家缝纫店”的时间，其后作者怎样走进缝纫店，想要什么样的衣服，怎样受到伙计的奚落，又怎样受到老板的奉承等情景均与“漫步街头”没有直接的因果关系。

3. 时态： when 引导的时间状语从句中可以根据句意的需要用一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、分别说明现在，过去，甚至将来的行为；并列连词 when 后面的分句中通常用非延续性动词的一般过去时，其前表时间的分句中可用：

（ 1 ）过去进行时表示过去某时间正在进行的动作。例如：

I was cooking when I heard her knocking at the door. 我正在做饭，突然听到她敲门的声音。

He was thinking about the problem， when an apple fell to the ground.

他正在思考这个问题，突然有一只苹果掉到了地上。

（ 2 ） was /were going to， was / were about to， was / were on the point of 表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作。例如：

I was just going when he came in. 我正要走，这时他就进来了。

We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要动身天就开始下起雨来了。He was on the point of leaving， when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要走就有人敲门。

（ 3 ）过去完成时表示过早发生的事情。请看下述两种场合：

（ a ）过去完成时和含否定意义的 hardly， scarcely， nearly 连用，和 just， little 连用，或者与否定词 not 连用时，表示“刚……，就……”的意思。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚一开门他就打了我一下。

I had nearly reached the town， when the young man suddenly said very slowly，“ Do you speak English？”我快要进城了，年轻人突然慢慢地说：“你会讲英语吗？”

I had been there little more than a week when I set to work in earnest.

我到那儿还不超过一个星期就开始认真干起活来。

I had not been reading for half an hour when I heard steps outside.

我读了还不到半个钟头就听到外面有脚步声。

（ b ）过去完成时与 hardly 等连用时， when 也可以换成 before .例如：

Hardly had I left before the trouble started. 我刚一离开麻烦就开始了。

4. 句型： when 引导状语从句时，主句可以是肯定句，也可以是疑问句形式，但 when 连接两个并列分句时，其前的分句只能是肯定句，即只能是不带否定副词 not 的分句。前文（ 3 ）（ a ）最后一个例句算是一个例外。试比较：

Mick was sleeping when they went in. （并列句）迈克正在睡觉，他们突然走了进来。When they came in Mick was sleeping. （主从句）他们进来时迈克正在睡觉。

“ Was Mick sleeping when they came in？”和“ What was Mick doing when they came in？”只能是对其中主句的提问，因为这时 when 所引导的分句既无突然性也不是句子中的未知信息，而只是另一个动作发生的特定时间