Three days to See 英文翻译
参考译文
1. 课文一
2. 课文二
worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough shaggy bark of a pine. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep. I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool water of a brook rush through my open fingers. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.
At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little. The panorama of colour and action which fills the world is taken for granted. It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.
If I were the president of a university I should establish a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”. The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them. He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.
Suppose you set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see. If with the oncoming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, how would 我问自己，在林中溜达了一个小时而
竟未看到什么值得注意的东西，这怎么可能呢？我这个看不见东西的人，仅凭触摸就发现千百种使我感兴趣的东西。我感觉到树叶精致的对称。我用手爱抚着光滑的白烨树皮，或是粗糙的松树皮。春天里，我满怀希望地触摸树枝，寻找一个幼芽-大自然经过冬日沉睡重又苏醒的最初征兆。我摸着花朵上那可爱的天鹅绒般的质地，以及它那叠合巧妙的花苞，于是我领略到了某种大自然的神奇。偶尔，如果十分幸运的话，我把手轻轻搭在一棵小树上，能感到一只小鸟儿尽情欢歌的颤动。我非常高兴让清凉的溪水流过我张开的手指。对我来说，那厚密的松针层或茂盛松软的草地比豪华的波斯地毯更惬意；对我来说，四季的变幻多姿宛如一出动人心弦永不尽止的戏剧，它的情节似流水从我指尖缓缓流过。
我的心时时在呼喊，渴望能见到所有这一切。如果我单靠触摸就能获得如此多的乐趣，那么通过视觉则能领略到更多美景！可是，那些视觉完好的人显然所见甚少。大千世界的五光十色与千姿百态被认为是理所当然。对已获得的不以为然，而对未获得的却期盼不已，这一点或许是人类的特性，可是，非常遗憾，在光明的世界里，天赐的视觉只被当作一种单纯的方便，而不是一种使生活日益完美的手段。
如果我是大学校长，我就要开设一门必修课，“如何使用你们的眼睛”。教授应尽力向学生演示，如何做到真正看见那些从他们面前不知不觉溜掉的东西，从而为自己的生活增添快乐。他将尽力唤醒他们那些昏睡懒散的感官。
假定你在开动脑筋研究这一问题：如果你只有三天的视力，你将如何使用你的眼睛呢？如果你知道，当第三天的黑夜来临，太阳就永远不再为你升起，你将如何度过这宝贵的三天呢？你最想让你的目
you spend those three precious intervening days? What would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?
I, naturally, should want most to see the things which have become dear to me through my years of darkness. You, too, would want to let your eyes rest long on the things that have become dear to you so that you could take the memory of them with you into the night that loomed before you. I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. First I should like to gaze long upon the face of my dear teacher, Mrs. Anne Sullivan Macy, who came to me when I was a child and opened the outer world to me. I should want not merely to see the outline of her face, so that I could cherish it in my memory, but to study that face and find in it the living evidence of the sympathetic tenderness and patience with which she accomplished the difficult tasks of my education. I should like to see in her eyes that strength of character which has enabled her to
stand firm in the face of difficulties, and that compassion for all humanity which she has revealed to me so often. I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that “window of the soul”, the eye. I can only “see” through my finger tips the outline of a face. I can detect laughter, sorrow, and many other obvious emotions. I know my friends from the feel of their faces. But I cannot really picture their personalities by touch. I know their personalities, of course, through other means, through the thoughts they express to me, through whatever of their actions are revealed to me. But I am denied that deeper understanding of them which I am sure would come through sight of them through watching their
reactions to various expressed thoughts and
circumstances, through noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and countenance.
光落在何处？
我当然最愿意看的，是那些在我整个失明岁月里对我已变得亲切的东西。你也会想让你的目光长久地停留在那些对你已变得亲切的东西上，这样你就可以把对它们的记忆带进那悄然而来的漫漫长夜中去。
我要看看那些待我仁慈、温和、友好，从而使我的生活变得有价值的人。首先，我要好好地端详我的恩师安·沙利文·梅丝夫人的脸。她在我年幼的时候就来到我身边，替我打开了外部世界。我不仅想看她的脸形，以便能把它珍藏在我的记忆中，而且还想细细揣摩这脸容，为她那柔情与耐心找到活生生的证据，她正是怀着这种柔情与耐心完成了教育我的艰巨任务。我想在她的眼中看到那种使她坚定地面对各种困难的个性的力量，以及那种经常在我面前流露出来的对全人类的同情心。
我不知道，透过"心灵之窗"，即眼睛，来探视一个朋友的心是怎么回事。我只能通过我的指尖来"看"一张脸的轮廓。我能探察到欢笑、忧伤和许多其他明显的感情。我根据触摸脸庞的感觉来辨认朋友，但是我的确不能靠触摸来描绘出他们的个性。当然，我通过其他手段，通过他们向我表达的思想，通过他们向我表现出的行动来了解他们的个性。但是，我无法对他们有更深的理解，因为我确信，要达到这种更深的理解，必须要目视他们，观察他们对各种所表达的思想及情况所作的反应，留意他们眼睛里和脸上那种转瞬即逝的反应。
我熟悉和我亲近的朋友，因为长年累
not realize what was going on. Haydn wanted Beethoven to put “pupil of Haydn” on the title page of any works published during these early years in Vienna, but Beethoven refused, telling his friends that although he had had lessons from Haydn, he had learned nothing from him. However, Beethoven kept his grievances to himself, and accompanied Haydn to Eisenstadt, the summer residence of Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy, in the summer of 1793. According to Neefe, Beethoven's former teacher in Bonn, Haydn had asked Beethoven to accompany him on his second concert tour to London, planned for 1794, but before then an
embarrassing episode soured their relationship. Although the Elector of Cologne had doubled Beethoven's salary earlier in the year and was sending him an additional 500 florins a year to cover his living expenses, Beethoven still felt short of money, and he got Haydn to write to the Elector on his behalf in November 1793. Haydn pointed out that Beethoven was in debt, and had had to borrow money from him, and asked the Elector to increase Beethoven's salary. He sent copies of five compositions and reported that his pupil had made great progress since coming to Vienna, predicting that Beethoven would become one of the greatest composers in Europe. But in fact , of the five works, only one had been composed in Vienna － the others were revisions of pieces written, and performed, while, he was still in Bonn. The Elector noticed this and replied coolly, “I very much doubt that he has made any important progress in composition during his present stay, and I fear that, as in the case of his first journey to Vienna, he will bring back nothing but debts,” and suggested that Beethoven return to Bonn, since he had not composed anything new while studying with Haydn. It looks as though Beethoven had been deceiving Haydn, both about his compositions and his income, and this may well explain why he did
not after all accompany Haydn to London in January 1794.
Relations between the two men remained strained for some years. There is a story that when 会意识到所发生的事情。在维也纳的头几年，海顿要贝多芬在任何发表作品的头页标上“海顿弟子”，但贝多芬拒绝了。他告诉朋友们，尽管他跟海顿学，其实什么也没学到。然而，贝多芬忍受着委屈，在1793年的夏天，陪海顿来到尼可劳斯·埃斯特海王子在艾森施塔特的避暑住宅；椐贝多芬从前在波恩的老师尼弗说，海顿叫贝多芬陪他去伦敦进行第二次巡回演出，这是为1794年而计划的，但在这以前，一个令人尴尬的插曲恶化了他们的关系。尽管科隆的选侯在年初就把他的薪水增加了一倍，而且每年还另外送给他500弗罗林作为生活费用，贝多芬仍然觉得手头过紧。1793年他要海顿亲自给选侯写信，海顿指出贝多芬欠了债，不得不向他借钱，并且要选侯增加贝多芬的薪水；他附上5首曲子，并报告说 ，他的学生自从来到维也纳后取得了很大的进步，他预言贝多芬将成为欧洲最伟大的作曲家之一。可事实上，这5首曲子中，只有一首是在维也纳作的——其它几首是他修订的在波恩时写的演奏作品。选侯意识到这一情况，冷冷地答道，“我十分怀疑，他目前是否真的在作曲方面取得了重大进步，而且我担心，他会象第一次去维也纳那样，除了债务外什么也不会带回来。”既然与海顿在一起什么曲子也没作，选侯建议贝多芬回到波恩。在作曲和收入方面，似乎贝多芬一直在欺骗海顿，这也许能充分地解释，为什么1794年1月贝多芬最终没有陪海顿去英国。
Beethoven's three Piano Trios, op. 1, were first performed at one of Prince Lichnowsky's soirees, Haydn liked them, but advised Beethoven not to publish the third, the C minor trio, because it
was too difficult for the public. Beethoven, who thought it the best, evidently believed this was because Haydn was jealous (although this is unlikely, as Beethoven was very much in Haydn's shadow as a composer at this time), and in fact the trios sold well, and Beethoven made a large profit out of them. However, he dedicated his first three piano sonatas, op. 2, to Haydn, and they were performed at Prince Lichnowsky's house in the early autumn of 1795, just after Haydn's return from England. In the following years, the two men often appeared together in concerts, with Haydn conducting and Beethoven playing the piano, as when Beethoven played his own piano concerto in BI , op. 19, in December 1795, and although Beethoven continued to make carping remarks about Haydn in private, after his death in 1809 Beethoven talked of him in the same breath as Handel and Mozart, and in 1815 wrote in the Tagebuch (his journal) that “portraits of Handel, Bach, Gluck, Mozart and Haydn are in my room ... They can promote my capacity for endurance.”
After Haydn went to England, Beethoven began to feel more secure, and began to compose new works. In Haydn's absence he had lessons with Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Kapellmeister at St. Stephan's Cathedral, and the most famous teacher of counterpoint in Vienna. It is also likely that he later had lessons in Italian song writing from Salieri. But Beethoven was far more famous at this point as a virtuoso pianist than as a composer and as early as 1793 word was buzzing round Vienna that such playing had not been heard since Mozart. The virtuoso Joseph Gelinek complained that “he is no man; he's a devil. He will play me and all of us to death. And how he improvises!” According to Joseph Mahler, writing in 1803, when Beethoven played, his hands were very still, and seemed to glide over the keys, with his fingers doing the 两人的关系在以后几年里处于紧张
状态。有这样一个传说：当贝多芬的三个钢琴三重奏的第1号作品首次在里奇洛乌斯基王子的晚会上演奏时，海顿对这些作品十分欣赏，但建议他不要发表第3首，即C小调三重奏，因为这首曲子对公众来说难度太大；贝多芬认为这是最好的一首曲子，显然认为这是海顿对他心怀嫉妒（尽管这是不可能的，因为作为一位作曲家，贝多芬当时被海顿的盛名遮挡得厉害），事实上这些三重奏销路很好，贝多芬因此赚了一大笔钱。然而他把钢琴奏鸣曲，作品第2号的头3首献给了海顿，并于1795年秋初在奇洛乌斯基王子的家中上演，此时海顿刚刚从伦敦回来。在以后的数月里，两人经常在音乐会上同时露面，海顿任指挥，贝多芬弹钢琴，就象1795年12月上演贝多芬的降B大调钢琴奏鸣曲作品第19号时一样。尽管贝多芬一直在背地里抱怨海顿，1809年海顿死后，贝多芬以谈论亨德尔和莫扎特那样的口吻谈论他，并于1815年在日记中写到：“亨德尔、巴赫、格鲁克、莫扎特及海顿的画像在我的房间里……他们能够增强
我的忍耐力。”
在海顿去英国后，贝多芬开始觉得更为安全，也开始了新的创作。当海顿不在的时候，他求教圣斯弟凡大教堂的指挥以及维也纳最著名的复调音乐教师约翰·乔治·阿巴拉彻斯柏格。他后来还向萨里埃利学习意大利歌曲创作。不过，此时贝多芬作为钢琴演奏家的名声远远大
work － there was no tossing around or bending over the keyboard. Carl Czerny noticed that when he played, Beethoven's bearing was very quiet, and noble. No doubt this was the style of playing taught him by Neefe, who trained him in clavichord technique, and Beethoven himself stressed the position of the fingers in his teaching. Beethoven played in the palaces and town houses of the
Viennese aristocracy, and his improvisation at the piano was renowned. His first public
appearance as pianist and composer was on 29 March 1795 at the Burgtheater (the Imperial court
theatre), at the first of the two annual benefit concerts for the widows and orphans of the
musicians of Vienna. He performed his Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major, and the story goes that he finished the Rondo only two days before the concert, and as the piano was a semitone flat, he had to play his part in C# major, with its seven sharps. The same year, on 22 November 1795, he made his debut as an orchestral composer in Vienna, when he was commissioned to write the dances for the small ballroom in the Redoutensaal at the annual masked ball for the pension fund in aid of the Society of Artists. This was a great honour － Haydn had been asked in 1792 － and he conducted his own twelve minuets and twelve German dances. In February 1796, in the company of Prince Lichnowsky, Beethoven set off on a concert tour lasting several months, and performed in Prague, Dresden, Leipzig and Berlin; in November that year, he again left Vienna to give concerts in Pressburt (Bratislava) and Pest (Budapest). He returned to Prague in 1798. By the end of the 1790s Beethoven was beginning to move away from composing only for the piano, although perhaps his most famous piece from this time is the piano sonata in C minor, p. 13, the Pathetique (this title appeared on the first edition), which was published in 1799. His first set of string quartets, op. 18, belongs to this period (they were written in 1798 and published in 1800), and his First Symphony, op. 21 in C, was
first performed on 2 April 1800, when he organized 于他作为作曲家的名声。早在1793年就有人说：自莫扎特以来，还从未听到过如此娴熟的演奏；演奏家约瑟夫·格林内克曾抱怨道，“他不是人，他是魔鬼，他将用钢琴把我和所有的人都弹死。他多么精通即兴演奏啊！”根据约瑟夫·马勒1803年 的记载，贝多芬在演奏时，他的手十分平稳，手指在键盘上流利地滑动，身体丝毫不会晃来晃去或俯向键盘。卡尔·泽尼注意到：当贝多芬弹奏钢琴时，举止镇静，仪态优美。毫无疑问，这是尼弗教他的演奏风格，尼弗训练过他古钢琴演奏法。在教学中，贝多芬自己很注重指法到位。贝多芬在宫廷及维也纳贵族的城内住宅演奏，他的即兴演奏才能也名扬天下。1995年3月29日，他首次作为钢琴家和作曲家在柏基剧院（帝国宫廷剧院）公开露面，出席为维也纳音乐家的遗孀和孤儿而举行的年度慈善音乐会两次中的第一次。他演奏了C 大调第1号钢琴协奏曲，据说他是在这次音乐会前两天才完成《回旋曲》的，因演奏的是一台降半音钢琴，他不得不用带7个升记号的升C 大降演奏。同年11月22日，他又首次作为交响乐作曲家在维也纳登台表演。正是此时，贝多芬参加了为艺术家协会募集养老金基金的年度化装舞会，他受委托为里腾塞尔的小型舞厅写舞曲。这可是一个很大的荣誉——海顿曾于1792年受过此类委托——而且贝多芬亲自指挥了自己的12首小步舞曲和12首日尔曼舞曲。1796年2月，在里奇洛乌斯基王子的陪同下，贝多芬开始了延续几个月的巡回演出，并且在布拉格、德累斯顿、莱比锡及柏林等地进行了演出；当年11月，他再一次离开维也纳去普雷斯特（布拉迪斯拉发）和佩斯（布达佩斯）举行音乐会，于1798年回到布拉格。
a benefit concert at the Burgtheater and hired the orchestra of the Italian Opera. This concert also included the first performance of his Septet, op. 20, which became very popular. He intended to dedicate the First Symphony to Maximilian Franz,
the Elector of Cologne, who had settled near
Vienna in 1800, but the Elector died in July 1801 before it was published, and it was dedicated to
Baron van Swieten instead.
By 1800, therefore, Beethoven was making a
comfortable living as a performer and composer.
His salary from the Elector of Cologne had not been
paid since March 1794, and he was relying on
aristocratic patronage. But after 1795 he no
longer had to support his brothers, and he was also
making some money from the publication of his
works, and from concerts and teaching. Although
in general he disliked teaching, he had a soft spot for some of the aristocratic young ladies who came to him for lessons, and when the young countesses Josephine and Therese von Brunsvik came to Vienna from Hungary in 1799, he taught them for four or five hours a day on sixteen consecutive days, and refused any payment. In 1800 Prince Lichnowsky settled an annual salary of 600 florins on him,
which was to be continued until Beethoven found a permanent position paying more. But he had not settled down. He seemed incapable of staying at one address for very long, nor did he seem able to form a lasting relationship with a woman, although, according to his friend Franz Wegeler, he was always in love, and in 1795 was even supposed to have proposed marriage to Magdalena
Willmann, a singer from Bonn, who had moved to Vienna. But by 1800 his increasing deafness was beginning to have a profound effect on his outlook on life. Beethoven probably began to go deaf after 1797, but he tried to keep it a secret, while consulting doctors and trying various remedies. He was
extremely anxious about its possible effect on his career as a musician, and embarrassed by its effect on his social life. In the summer of 1801 he wrote to two friends. To Franz Wegeler in Bonn
18世纪90年代末期，贝多芬开始不再只写钢琴曲 ，尽管他这一时期最有名的作品可能是1799年发表的C 大调钢琴奏鸣曲，作品第13号《悲怆》（第一版的标题）。这一时期他还完成了第一组弦乐四重奏，作品第18号（写于1798年，于1800年发表）；1800年4月2日他在柏基剧院组织了一次慈善音乐会，雇用了意大利歌剧院的交响乐队，他的C 调第一交响乐，作品第21号在音乐会上首次演
出。音乐会上还首次演奏了他的七重奏，作品第20号，后来很受欢迎。他打算将第一交响乐献给科隆的选帝侯马克西姆莲·弗兰兹， 而弗兰兹1800年定居维也纳。但在作品尚未发表之前，选帝侯于1801年7月逝世，作品于是献给了拜伦·凡·斯韦登。
这样，到了1800年，贝多芬作为演奏家和作曲家过上了很舒适的生活。选侯从1794年3月起就不再支付他薪水，此后他依靠贵族的赞助。但从1795年以后，弟弟不再需要他的资助。他还通过发表作品、办音乐会以及教学赚些钱。总的来说，他不喜欢教学，但他特别喜欢有些上门求教的年轻贵妇 。当年轻的伯爵夫人约瑟芬和塞利斯·范·布伦斯维克1779年从匈牙利来到维也纳,贝多芬连续16天每天教她们4至5个小时,并且拒绝接受报
he wrote that he was very busy, with more
commissions than he could cope with, and publishers competing to get hold of his latest works, but he was worried about his health, and particularly about his gradual loss of hearing. He had been leading a miserable life for the previous two years because of his deafness, and had avoided human company because he found it hard to tell people that he was deaf. “I live entirely in my music”. Two days later he wrote to Karl Amenda, a more recent friend, on the same lines, expressing the anxiety that his best years would pass “without my being able to achieve all that my talent and my strength have commanded me to do”. His fear that his deafness would prevent him
from realizing his artistic potential led him to
contemplate taking his own life, but in October
1802, he said that he had rejected suicide, and was resigned to his condition. He explained that
his deafness was the reason why he had been
withdrawing from people's company, because he found it so humiliating not being able to hear, but he did not want to tell people about it. Although tempted to kill himself, “the only thing that held me back was my art. For indeed it seemed to me impossible to leave this world before I had produced all the works that I felt the urge to compose.” During the summer of 1802 he had spent six months in Heiligenstadt, thirteen miles
outside Vienna, on the advice of one of his doctors who thought that his hearing might improve in the peace and quiet away from Vienna. But his pupil, Ferdinand Ries visited him in the summer, and during a walk in the woods pointed out a shepherd playing a flute made out of an elder twig.
Beethoven could not hear it, and this made him very morose. As the winter approached he realized that his hearing was no better, and that it was likely to get worse, and he might end up totally deaf.
However, it was some years before this happened,
and Beethoven coped with the problem to a certain
extent by giving up those aspects of his career
which were most affected by his defective hearing.
He also appeared less frequently at aristocratic 酬。1800年 ，里奇洛乌斯基王子每年提供给贝多芬600弗罗林，一直延续到贝多芬找到一份薪水更高的固定工作为止。但贝多芬没有定居下来。他似乎不能在一个地方呆得太久，也不能与一个女人保持长久的关系；但据他的朋友弗兰兹·韦吉说，他经常坠入爱河，1795年人们甚至认为他已向从波恩搬到维也纳的歌手马格达林娜·威尔曼求婚。但是，到1800年，他耳聋的加重开始对他的人生观产生巨大的影响。
贝多芬可能在1797年开始耳聋，但他保守着秘密，一边求医问药。他对失聪可能给他的音乐事业带来的影 响十分忧虑，对它给他的社会生活带来不便也感到尴尬。1801年的夏天他给两位朋友去信。
他给波恩的弗兰兹·韦吉来写信说，
他很忙，过多的委托让他难以对付，出版商们
争先抢购他的最新作品，
但他很担心自己的健康，特别是他那渐渐丧失的听觉。由
于耳聋，两年以来他过着悲惨的生活，避免与人交际，
因为他很难向人们说他是个聋子。“我完全沉浸在音乐之中。”两天以后，他去信给长尔·阿芒达，一位近来
结交的朋友，
在信中以同样的口吻表达了自己的忧虑，说他的黄金年代将匆匆流
逝，却“不能充分发挥自己的才能和力量”。由于担心耳聋会阻止他 挖掘自己的艺术潜力，贝多芬产生了轻生的念头，但在1802年，他说自己摒弃了自杀的念头，并接受了这一现实。他解释说，耳聋是他避免与人相聚的原因，因为他发现失去听觉是十分丢人的事情，他不愿向人们吐露真情。尽管有自杀的念头，“但唯一能把我从死亡线上拉回来的是我的艺术。因为在我还没有完成我急于想作的曲子
soirees, and gave up plans to go on concert tours. It could be argued that Beethoven's deafness helped the development of his art: isolated from the world, and unable to perform, he could devote all his time to composing. He was already
composing less at the piano, and the first of his bound sketchbooks, in which he made detailed drafts of the works in progress, date from 1798. In his panic, at the beginning, Beethoven may have believed himself to be deafer than he really was. In the early years of his deafness, he suffered from tinnitus (humming and buzzing in the ears), and loud noises caused him pain. In 1804 his friend Stephan von Breuning wrote to Franz Wegeler about the terrible effect his gradual loss of hearing was having on Beethoven: it had caused him to distrust his friends, and he was becoming very difficult to be with. But Beethoven did not start using an ear trumpet until 1814 and his earliest Conversation Books, in which his friends wrote
when he could no longer hear what they were saying, only began in 1818. During the summer of 1803 Beethoven composed one of his most famous orchestral works, the Symphony no. 3, op. 55, the Eroica, which he originally entitled Bonaparte. The inspiration for this title derived from Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1789, and the second movement, a funeral march, was inspired by the rumours of Nelson's death at
the Battle of Aboukir Bay. To Beethoven, as to so
many, Napoleon Bonaparte had seemed to embody the
ideals of the French Revolution and
“enlightened” leadership, and in many homes
throughout Europe portraits of Napoleon replaced
even pictures of Christ. But as Napoleon's armies
marched into neighbouring countries doubts crept
in. As early as 1802, when Hoffmeister,
Beethoven's publisher in Leipzig, suggested that
Beethoven compose a sonata in celebration of
Napoleon, Beethoven angrily rejected the idea
because he felt that Napoleon had betrayed the
Revolution in signing the Concordat with the Pope
in 1801, re-establishing the Catholic religion in
France. He said that while he might have composed 之前，离开这个世界对我来说的确是不可能的。”1802年夏天，在他的一位医生的建议下，他在离维也纳13英里的海力施塔特度过了6个月。这位医生认为，他的听觉可能在远离维也纳的安宁的环境中得到恢复。但他的学生费迪南·利斯在这年夏天来拜访他，在林中散步时，费迪南指向一个吹着用接骨木树枝做的笛子的牧羊人。可贝多芬听不到笛声，这件事使他闷闷不乐。随着冬天的来临，他发现自己的听觉没有改 善，而且有可能恶化，他可能完全变聋。
然而，离他彻底失聪还有好几年，而贝多芬对付听觉丧失的办法，是在某种程度上放弃他事业中受听觉缺陷影响最严重的方面。他也不常在贵族们的晚会上露面，并且放弃了巡回演出的计划。可以说贝多芬的失聪促进了他的艺术发展：离群索居，不能表演，他可以把时间都花在作曲方面。他已经开始减少在钢琴上作曲，而他的第一本作曲本是从1789年开始的，记录了创作过程中详细的草稿。在最初的恐慌中，贝多芬也许觉得自己比实际情况要聋得多。在他听觉丧失的初期，他 的耳鸣（耳中有翁翁作响之声），大一点的声音会引起疼痛。1804年，他的好友斯蒂凡·范·布罗宁给弗兰兹·韦吉勒
such a work once, now everything was slipping back into the old ways. However, it seems likely that Beethoven originally wanted to dedicate the symphony to Napoleon, but because his patron, Prince Lobkowitz, wanted the rights to it, he changed his mind, and gave it the title Bonaparte instead. There is a well-known story that when Beethoven heard the news that Napoleon had proclaimed himself Emperor in May 1804, he tore the title page in half, in despair and rage that Napoleon was just an ordinary person after all,
who would trample on the rights of man and would
become a tyrant. The publisher subsequently gave
it the title Sinfonia Eroica, although the title
page also says it was written “to celebrate the memory of a great man”. There could be a very straightforward reason for the change of title. In 1803 Beethoven was thinking of visiting Paris or even moving there permanently, and he might have thought it wise to dedicate it to Napoleon. But he changed his mind about Paris, and meanwhile war between Austria and France was imminent, and the censors were clamping down on any signs of sympathy with the French. Beethoven might well have felt that to keep “Bonaparte” as a title or dedication would be frowned on in Vienna, and so removed the title, although on 26 August 1804 he was writing to Breitkopf and H?rtel, the publishers, that “the title of the symphony is really Bonaparte”. According to Baron de Trmont, a French official in Vienna during the French occupation of 1809, Beethoven continued to admire Napoleon as one who had risen from humble origins. The symphony had a mixed reception, and many
people felt it was far too long. Although Beethoven refused to make any changes, when it was published in 1805 he added a note that because of its great length it should be played near the beginning of a convert before the audience got too tired.
(2887 words) TOP
去信， 诉说了听觉渐渐丧失给贝多芬带来的可怕的影响；他失去对朋友们的信赖，也难与人相处。但是，贝多芬直至1814年才开始使用助听器。当他听不到朋友们说些什么时，他们用笔把说的话写在他的谈话簿上，而他最早使用的谈话簿只是在1818年才开始。
在1803年夏天，贝多芬写下了他最有名的交响乐曲之一，第3交响曲，作品第55号，即《英雄交响乐》。这一作品最初取名《波拿巴》。这一标题的灵感来自拿破伦1789年对埃及的远征。作品的第二乐章是葬礼进行曲，灵感来自纳尔逊在阿布基尔湾战股中死去的谣传。对贝多芬来说，正如对多数人一样，拿破伦·波拿巴似乎体现了法国革命和“开明”领袖的理想，在欧洲的许多家庭，拿破伦的画像甚至代替了基督的画像。但是，当拿破伦的部队开进邻近国家时，人们产生了怀疑。早在1802年，当贝多芬在莱比锡的出版商霍夫梅斯特建议贝多芬作一首奏鸣曲来纪念拿破伦时，贝多芬愤怒地拒绝了这一想法，因为他认为拿破伦于1801年与教皇签订协定，在法国恢复天主教，背叛了革命。他说他本来要写这样一首曲子，但现在一切都回到了原来的样子。然而，有可能贝多芬原本打算将这首交响乐献给拿破伦，但由于自己的资助人洛布洛维兹王子想要它的版权，他便改变了主意，就用《波拿巴》这一名字代替了。有
一个众所周知的故事，说当贝多芬听到拿破伦于1804年5月称帝后，出于绝望和
愤怒，把作品的首页撕成两半，因为拿破
最新版房产证英文翻译-Property-Ownership-Certifiate
The People ' s Republic of China Property Ownership Certificate According to " the People'sRepublic of Urban Real Estate Management Law," " Guangdongprovince town real estate right registration ordinance" and other provi sions of the relevant laws for the protection of housing ownership and land use ri ghts of the legitimate rights and interests of people on housing ownership and la nd use rights to apply for registration housing land rights, we have investigated a nd reviewed, to grant registration, issuance of this permit. Issuing Authority:
Huizhou City Land and Property Management Authority
Yue Property Own ership Certificate Huizhou Zi, No. ************** Issued by: Huizhou City Land and Property Man ageme nt Authority
管理信息系统MIS(Management Information System)
MIS(Management Information System) the term in the interest of the administration. In the wake of the development of MIS, much business sit up the decentralized message concentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chief of information system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant manager’s grade. After the authority of business is centralized up high-quality administration personnel staff’s hand, as if causing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer management shall vanish. In reality, the reappearance phase employed layer management among the information system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increase a bit. This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate out through loaded down with trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researching work in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importance level. In the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand of high technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually. This compels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuously lifts individual’s quality. In The wake of the news dispatch and electric network and file transmission system development, business staff member is on duty in many being living incomparably either the home. Having caused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously moves upward American Rank Zeros corporation the office system on the net, in the interest of the creativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term. At the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developed manufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely on the basis of the user requirement organization design together with manufacture, may carry on the large-scale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flow was shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinery with to the resources and the reorganization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affrication system, and causes that manufacturing cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with. Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole completely new strategy dependence relation against consumer, and is able to arouse the structure of production once more revolution. The management information system is towards the self-adoption and Self-learning orientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better. Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is encircles the magic drug to govern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too many is dependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each other to comprehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living in development and the research work, and causes the business organization and administer the better development against MIS of system and administration means , and establish more valid MIS. 英文翻译文章的出处：Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal 管理信息系统: 管理信息系统就是我们常说的MIS(Management Information System), 在强调管理，
管理信息系统中英文翻译资料
Managemengt Information Systems By a management information system,we propose the follow alternate definition: an integrated uer/machine system (usually computerized) for providing information to support decision making in an enterprise. The key elements of this definition are —An integrated uer/machine system —For proving information —To support decision making —In an enterprise A management information system utilizes —Computer hardware and software —Manual procedures —Models for analysis —A database Just as there is a logical flow of materials in the creation of a product, there is logical flow of information in a management information system.In manufacturing,raw materials move through a process that transforms the raw materials into usable products. In a similar fashion, in an information system,data are supplied to a system(input), the data are manipulated(processed),and they are transformed into information(output).In its simplest form ,a management information systemed may be depicted by an input-process-output(IPO) model
新版不动产权证英文翻译
The People 'Republic of Chi na Real Property Own ership Certificate In accordanee with the Real Right Law of the People's Republic of China, This Housing Ownership Certificate shall be the evidenee for the holder ' s own ership of a realty. Date: Mini stry of land and resources of People's Republic of China NO. Jin g(2017)Chao Real Property Right No.XXXXX
Remarks Co-ow ners Number of buildi ng own ership Com mon share certificate XXXXXX Jin g(2017)Real Property Right in Com mon share Chaoya ng
BEIJING HOUSE REGISTER FORM (BUILDING) Page 1 of 1 Un it: m*m
rty Con structi on Area of bun galow Con structi on Area of Buildi ng Total Area Buil ding No. Loca tion & Roo No. Const ructi on Total Fl oo floor r Buildi ng Y ear Buildi ng Area Total Area Use Area In clud ing House with Certifi Balco share ny build in const
房地产信息管理系统的设计与实现 外文翻译
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 译文： ASP ASP介绍 你是否对静态HTML网页感到厌倦呢？你是否想要创建动态网页呢？你是否想 要你的网页能够数据库存储呢？如果你回答：“是”，ASP可能会帮你解决。在2002年5月，微软预计世界上的ASP开发者将超过80万。你可能会有一个疑问什么是ASP。不用着急，等你读完这些，你讲会知道ASP是什么，ASP如何工作以及它能为我们做 什么。你准备好了吗？让我们一起去了解ASP。 什么是ASP? ASP为动态服务器网页。微软在1996年12月推出动态服务器网页,版本是3.0。微软公司的正式定义为:“动态服务器网页是一个开放的、编辑自由的应用环境,你可以将HTML、脚本、可重用的元件来创建动态的以及强大的网络基础业务方案。动态服务器网页服务器端脚本,IIS能够以支持Jscript和VBScript。”(2)。换句话说,ASP是微软技术开发的,能使您可以通过脚本如VBScript Jscript的帮助创建动态网站。微软的网站服务器都支持ASP技术并且是免费的。如果你有Window NT4.0服务器安装,你可以下载IIS（互联网信息服务器）3.0或4.0。如果你正在使用的Windows2000,IIS 5.0是它的一个免费的组件。如果你是Windows95/98,你可以下载(个人网络服务器(PWS),这是比IIS小的一个版本，可以从Windows95/98CD中安装，你也可以从微软的网站上免费下载这些产品。 好了，您已经学会了什么是ASP技术，接下来，您将学习ASP文件。它和HTML文 件相同吗？让我们开始研究它吧。 什么是ASP文件？ 一个ASP文件和一个HTML文件非常相似，它包含文本，HTML标签以及脚本，这些都在服务器中，广泛用在ASP网页上的脚本语言有2种，分别是VBScript和Jscript，VBScript与Visual Basic非常相似，而Jscript是微软JavaScript的版本。尽管如此，VBScript是ASP默认的脚本语言。另外，这两种脚本语言，只要你安装了ActiveX脚本引擎，你可以使用任意一个，例如PerlScript。 HTML文件和ASP文件的不同点是ASP文件有“.Asp”扩展名。此外，HTML标签和ASP代码的脚本分隔符也不同。一个脚本分隔符,标志着一个单位的开始和结束。HTML标签以小于号(<)开始(>)结束，而ASP以<%开始，%>结束，两者之间是服务端脚本。
最新版房产证英文翻译-Property-Ownership-Certifiate
The People’s Republic of China Property Ownership Certificate
According to"the People's Republic of Urban Real Estate Management Law,"" Guangdong province town real estate right registration ordinance"and other provi sions of the relevant laws for the protection of housing ownership and land use ri ghts of the legitimate rights and interests of people on housing ownership and la nd use rights to apply for registration housing land rights,we have investigated a nd reviewed,to grant registration,issuance of this permit. Issuing Authority: Huizhou City Land and Property Management Authority
Yue Property Ownership Certificate Huizhou Zi, No. ************** Issued by: Huizhou City Land and Property Management Authority
外文翻译-----学生信息管理系统的设计与发展
英文译文 学生信息管理系统的设计与发展 随着信息技术的日新月异,各种管理系统的相继出现,让日常生活变的更加具有条理化, 尽可能的合理的运用网络资源可以大大的减少人工管理上带来的不 便及时间的浪费. 二十一世纪现代化程度的不断加速,科学文化水平的不断提高,学生数量的急剧增长，势必增加了管理学生信息带来的压力，人工检索的低效完全不符合整个社会的需要.学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种，目前信息技术不断的发展，网络技术已经广泛的应用于我们身边的各行各业，有了网络技术的发展，各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前学校靠手工操作的一切繁琐事情都得到了快速且高效率的解决，特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。 采用人工管理庞大的数据库是一项繁重枯燥的工作，无论是数据录入，查询还是修改都存在着工作量大，效率低下，周期长的缺点。而计算机管理系统的引进将给人工管理数据库的工作带来一次彻底的变革。学校由于学生众多，学生数据信息库庞大，使信息的管理成为了一个复杂繁琐的工作。本系统针对学校,经过实际的需求分析，采用功能强大的VB6.0作为开发工具来开发学生信息管理系统。整个系统从符合操作简便，界面美观、灵活、实用的要求出发，完成学生信息管理的全过程，包括系统管理、基本信息管理、学习管理、奖惩管理和打印报表等功能。经过使用证明，本文所设计的学生信息管理系统可以满足学校对学生信息管理方面的需要。论文主要介绍了本课题的开发背景，所要完成的功能和开发的过程。重点的说明了系统设计的重点、开发设计思想、难点技术和解决方案。学生管理系统的产生大大减少了人力上的不便，让整个学生数据管理更加科学合理。本系统最有特色的地方就是后台数据库对学生信息的统一管理。该系统主要分为系统管理，学生专业管理，学生档案管理，学费管理，课程管理，成绩管理和打印报表。系统的界面是运用vb软件制作的，以上几个模块都是运用vb 控件绑定的方法来实现对后台数据库的连接，后台数据库大概分为以下几个表：专业信息表，收费类别表，学生职务表，学生信息表，学生政治面貌表，用户登入表。采用Client/Server结构进行设计，本系统是在由一台数据服务器和若干台
2016最新上海房产证英文翻译模板
Shanghai Certificate of Real Estate Ownership Hu Real Estate Certificate xxx zi ( 2016 ) No. 123456 *123456789012* Date of Issue: 05/31/2016 In accordance with the Property Low of the People's Republic of China, the Law of Land Administration of the People's Republic of China, the Law of Urban Real Estate Administration of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Regulations for Real Estate Registration and other relevant laws and regulations, to protect the legal rights and interests of the owner of land-use rights and the house property, registration is hereby granted and this certificate is hereby given to such owner for the land, house and other appurtenances listed in this his/her registration application after due examination and verification. This certificate is the proof of title to the real estate on the State-owned land lot. Shanghai Housing Security & Administration Bureau Shanghai Planning, Land &Resource Administration Bureau (Seal) (Seal)
信息管理与信息系统专业英语Unit1~6 TextB 课文翻译
管理的角色和技能 管理角色 亨利·明茨伯格对执行者行为的研究让他得出这样的结论:经理都需要承担大量的角色。一个角色是一组预期的行为对一个特定的位置。明茨伯格的角色可以分为三大类如图1.1所示:信息角色(管理信息);人际角色(管理通过人)和决策角色(管理行动)。每个角色代表活动经理承担最终完成的功能规划、组织、领导、控制。重要的是要记住,真正的工作的管理不能练习作为一组独立的部分;所有的角色交互的方式在现实世界的管理。 图1.1 管理角色 信息角色描述活动用来维持和发展一个信息网络。这三个信息角色监督者、传播者和发言人。监督者涉及从许多来源寻求当前的信息。经理获得信息来自他人和扫描书面材料来保持消息灵通。传播者和发言人的角色是正好相反。经理把当前信息传递给他人,内部和外部的组织,才能使用它。与授权趋势的低级别员工,很多经理都共享尽可能丰富的信息。 由于人际角色让经理们被叫去与众多组织和个人交互。这三个人际角色是挂名首脑、领袖和交流与合作者。这个挂名首脑角色专注于管理正式的和象征性的活动的部门或组织。经理代表本组织在他或她作为单位的负责人的正式管理能力。领导的作用是指经理的工作在激励下属,以满足单位的目标。交流与合作者的作用来自于经理的责任与各种团体在组织内外交流。一个例子是一个面对面讨论控制器和计划主管之间解决关于预算的一种误解。 决策角色指管理的决策过程。这些角色通常需要概念以及人类的技能。这四种管理角色都属于这一类企业家,障碍处理者,资源分配者,谈判代表。一个管理者承担一个企业家的角色当他或她启动项目来提高部门或工作单位时。当问题比如错过了交付关键客户的出现,经理必须采用一个障碍处理的角色。决定如何分配单位的金钱、时间、材料和其他资源,称为经理的资源分配角色。最后,谈判者角色指的是这种情况,经理必须代表单位和其他人的利益,如供应商、客户和政府。
信息系统英语翻译
信息安全 信息的威胁和其减少方法 信息系统存在一些潜在的威胁和它们所持有的数据。复杂的方面中最大的威胁来自合法用户信息和开发商。纯粹偶然，一个使用者可能进入不正确的数据或者删除重要信息。一个设计者可能误解一个重要的功能和一个系统将会产生的错误结果。一个无辜的编程错误可能导致错误的或销毁数据。对于一个脆弱的系统来说一个小的改变会导致全部系统的一连串失败。 我们能发现和保护一些这样的问题通过仔细的设计，测试，训练，和备份版本。然而，现代的信息系统是极其复杂的。我们并不能保证它们将工作的一直很好。另外，经受物理威胁不可避免的：飓风，地震，洪水等等。通常，最好建立我们能做的是建立应急计划,使公司能够尽可能快的恢复。最重要的方面是一些灾害计划去保持足够的备份。公司能够提供各种的连续的信息系统支持用详细的计划，组织，和足够的金钱。 第二类问题是由技术变化所带来的，罪犯也如此。今天，只有不顾一切的人才会用枪去抢劫银行。这样被抓的可能性会很高，和一些数量的钱被偷的可能性低。并不是说我们希望鼓励任何人成为盗贼，但是计算机为偷盗大量钱财提供了更为容易的途径。 确定计算机安全的潜在威胁是很重要的。一些工具是很容易使用它对于初学者使用互联网来攻击公司，但是到目前为止最大的问题还是公司的内部人员和病毒。 灾难 幸运的是火灾，洪水，飓风，和其他的自然灾难并不是经常的发生。但是，当灾难袭击公司数据中心的时候，它可能会毁灭公司。没有有效的准备工作，数据中心丢失数据的将关闭运行。多长时间已过现代化的公司能不通过事务处理来进行拯救。 如今，这里有些个计划方法和灾难恢复。一个通用的方式与一个灾难恢复服务提供商签约。服务提供商像SunGard它是使用他的商用恢复设备和提供不同的支持水平的各种费用。一个普通支持水平被称为热站，他是由一个完全配置的计算机中心组成。特殊电脑设备是已完成安装和随时为使用者使用。当ＭＩＳ员工声明了一个灾难，他们安装备份磁带在热站电脑上和使用在线电信去每日重复的运行。还有另外其他的选择被称为冷站，他将提供完全的电脑空间功能不用电脑设备。如果一个灾难发生，或者电脑或者灾难恢复服务提供商能提供可能的设备去运输给冷站。然而，他们可能延迟服务时期在一个新的数据将被运行。因此，一个冷站通常被用来和热站进行连接。 对于电脑运行绝对不可以被中断，一些公司利用一个后台电脑对不断去维持一个完整版的备份日常运行。全部的数据是在相同的地点保持同步。如果一个设备的问题上升的话，第二个将会自动的接管。特殊的公司现在提供他的数据反映设备。外部公司是发送所有你的数据的备份来作为它的生成。公司做复制备份并提供一些及时的实质性的更新服务如果某些干扰你的主电脑的时候。 雇员和顾问 雇员是任何一个公司的核心。公司功能和成功是通过信任他们的员工。虽然大多数的员工是诚实和勤劳的，但是他们总是碰巧出现一个员工总是用公司的知识，经验，和信赖去误用资源。 它可能很难确定那些可能引起公司破坏的人员。一些公司现在用物理测试，检查背景，和一些测试来表明其潜在的问题。更多的公司担心他们的员工停止雇佣关系。当员工离开时遵循企业具体步骤，特别小心的去移动雇员进入公司的电脑。 一个更加复杂的问题在ＭＩＳ雇员中提升。程序和分析必须被信任。没有它们，将不会有软件。然而，它最好是使用者的程序不是程序员。公司强制的去分离一些职责在全体程序员和使用者之间。考虑当一个银行出纳员职责是出纳员使用电脑程序可能发生的。审计事务处理系统是一个非常重要的工作对于审计员。 不讲道德的程序员也知道在他们的软件里也包括“定时炸弹”。当软件运行的时候，它能检测隐藏文件为了加密文字。如果程序员离开公司，这些加密文档将不会改变，当程序没有发现正确的，
管理信息系统外文翻译
英文文献翻译
二〇年月日
科技文章摘译 Definition of a Management Information System There is no consensus of the definition of the term "management information system". Some writers prefer alternative terminology such as "information processing system", "information and decision system", "organizational information system", or simply "information system" to refer to the computer-based information processing system which supports the operations, management, and decision-making functions of an organization. This text uses “MIS”because it is descriptive and generally understood; it also frequently uses “information system”instead of “MIS”to refer to an organizational information system. A definition of a management information system, as the term is generally understood, is an integrated, user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management, and decision-making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and software; manual procedures; models for analysis planning, control and decision making; and a database. The fact that it is an integrated system does not mean that it is a single, monolithic structure; rather, it means that the parts fit into an overall design. The elements of the definition are highlighted below. 1 Computer-based user-machine system Conceptually, management information can exist without computer, but it is the power of the computer which makes MIS feasible. The question is not whether computers should be used in management information system, but the extent to which information use should be computerized. The concept of a user-machine system implies that some tasks are best performed by humans, while others are best done by machine. The user of an MIS is any person responsible for entering input data, instructing the system, or utilizing the information output of the system. For many problems, the user and the computer form a combined system with results obtained through a set of interactions between the computer and the user. User-machine interaction is facilitated by operation in which the user’s
大学生综合测评信息管理系统英文翻译
毕业设计英文翻译资料 题目：信息管理与信息系统 的简介及学习心得 院（系）：成人教育学院 专业：信息管理与信息系统 学生姓名：舒展 班级：0798321 学号：079832111 指导教师：胡清钟 2008年11 月17 日
Information Management & Information System Objectives: the course provides cross knowledge of Fundamental Modern Management Theories and Computing Sience in Practice, students need to grasping core information of system analysis and information sysytem; the ability of putting the knowledge in practical applications is a emphasis. After graduation, students will be able to work in different level of management departments in government or business enterprises and financial institutes, also will be able to work in some certain sientific organizations to analys, evaluate and manage the information system as specialists in the field. Requirements: the course provide studies of economy, management, evaluation methods, management of information resourses, fundamental theories and knowledge of computing & information system, accept basic trainning of information design and information management, students need to equip evaluation & problem-solving ability based on learning knowledge. Graduate students need to: 1. fully understand fundamental knowledge of information system & information management; 2. fully understand evaluation of information system, system design and how to use the knowledgement in practical applications; 3. equipped the fundamental abilities of information organization, analysis, communication and development; 4. equip evaluation & problem-solving ability based on learning knowledge 5. aware of information in realted fields; 6. knowing how to artical search, paperwork grapping, and certain working abilites. Core course: Management, Economic, Computing Sience & Technology Other courses: Computing programme design, Strcture of data, constitution of computer, Operation system, Accounting, V.F.P programme design, Computing network, Theory of database, Economic, Management theory, Planning, Information management, Information system, Software programme, E-business, Multi-media etc. Core practical teaching course: Programme design, Management, Managing software, Graduation design etc. normally last 18 weeks, Graduation design must not less than 12 weeks.
新版不动产权证英文翻译
新版不动产权证英文翻 译 文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-
The People’s Republic of China Real Property Ownership Certificate In accordance with the Real Right Law of the People's Republic of China, This Housing Ownership Certificate shall be the evidence for the holder’s ownership of a realty. Registration Authority: Beijing Bureau of Land and Resources Date: Ministry of land and resources of People's Republic of China NO. Jing(2017)Chao Real Property Right No.XXXXX Remarks
BEIJING HOUSE REGISTER FORM (BUILDING) Page 1 of 1 Unit: m*m
Mapping Date: 20/04/1998 Fill Maker: XXXXX Check Maker: XXXXX Fill Date: 29/12/2003 Beijing Real Estate Reconnaissance Mapping Office
信息管理与信息系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) JSP technology and mainstream open-source framework for JA V AEE 1.JSP Profile JSP (Java Server Pages) is initiated by Sun Microsystems, Inc., with many companies to participate in the establishment of a dynamic web page technical standards. JSP technology somewhat similar to ASP technology, it is in the traditional HTML web page document (*.htm, *. html) to insert the Java programming paragraph (Scriptlet) and JSP tag (tag), thus JSP documents (*.jsp). Using JSP development of the Web application is cross-platform that can run on Linux, is also available for other operating systems. JSP technology to use the Java programming language prepared by the category of XML tags and scriptlets, to produce dynamic pages package processing logic. Page also visit by tags and scriptlets exist in the services side of the resources of logic. JSP page logic and web page design and display separation, support reusable