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高中英语作文万能句和高级词汇(整理版)

高中英语作文万能句和高级词汇(整理版)
高中英语作文万能句和高级词汇(整理版)

英语四级作文万能句

(一)段首句

1. 关于??人们有不同的观点。一些人认为??

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2. 俗话说(常言道)??,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然

适用。

There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers ,however ,it is correct

in many cases even today.

3. 现在,??,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,??;其次,??。更为

糟糕的是??。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____.

What makes things worse is that______.

4. 现在,??很普遍,许多人喜欢??,因为??,另外(而且)??。

Nowadays ,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides ,______.

5. 任何事物都是有两面性,??也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception , it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6. 关于??人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)??,在他们看来,??

People ’ s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that

______.To them,_____.

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题??,这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ??已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated

debates are right on their way.

9. ??在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时

也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has

brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表 /数字 /统计数字 /表格中的百分比 /图表 /条形图 /成形图可以看出??。很显然

??,但是为什么呢?

,it According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar

graph/line/graph can be seen that______ while. Obviously , ______ , but why?

(二)中间段落句

1. 相反,有一些人赞成??,他们相信??,而且,他们认为??。

On the contrary , there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time , they say____.

2. 但是,我认为这不是解决??的好方法,比如??。最糟糕的是??。

But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.

3. ??对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,??。而且??,最重要的是??

______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First ,______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以??。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______

5. 面临??,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来??。一方面??,另一方面,Confronted with______ ,we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one

thing , ______For another ,______

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说??,另外??。所有这些方法肯定会??。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All

these measures will certainly______.

7. 为什么???第一个原因是??;第二个原因是??;第三个原因是??。总的来说,??

的主要原因是由于??

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is

______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.

8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,??也有它的不利的一面,象??。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own

disadvantages, such as ______.

9. 尽管如此,我相信??更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意??这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

(三)结尾句

1. 至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为??

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.

2. 总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注??这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来

??。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in

this way can ______in the future.

3. 但是,??和??都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,??,而??。然而,把这两

者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)??

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____.

Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.

4. 就我个人而言,我相信??,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为?? Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I ’ m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.

5. 随着社会的发展,??。因此,迫切需要??。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份

力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every

member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

6. 至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为??更合理。只有这样,我们才能??

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.

7. 对我来说,我认为有必要??。原因如下:第一,??;第二,??;最后??但同样重要的是??

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second

______. Last but not least,______.

8. 在总体上很难说??是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于??的形势。然而,就我

个人而言,我发现??。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on

the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______. 9. 综上所述,

我们可以清楚地得出结论??

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion

that____.

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后

果,所以,我们应该做的是??

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable

result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.

高考英语作文万能句子:8种实用句型

一 .开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 就??而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻, ...

3.It can be said with certainty that ... 可以肯定地说 ......

4.As the proverb says,正如谚语所说的,

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到, ...

6.It's generally recognized that... 它普遍认为 ...

7.It's likely that ... 这可能是因为 ...

8.It's hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.It's hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说?

10.What calls for special attention is that... 需要特别注意的是

11.There's no denying the fact that... 毫无疑问,无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...没有什么比这更重要的是?

13.what's far more important is that...更重要的是?

二 .衔接句型

1.A case in point is ...一个典型的例子是

...

2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单,所以

5.But it's a pity that...但遗憾的是?

6.For all that... 对于这一切 ...... In spite of the fact that... 尽管事实 ......

7.Further, we hold opinion that...此外,我们坚持认为,...

8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而,困难在于?

9.Similarly, we should pay attention to...同样,我们要注意...

??

10.not(that)...but(that)... 不是,而是

11.In view of the present station. 鉴于目前形势

12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的?

13.In this respect, we may as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说

14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一

方面,即?

三 .结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying...最后我要说?

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that... 因此,我们有理由相信?

3.All things considered, 总而言之It may be safely said that... 它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable... 因此,在我看来,更可取的是?

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that 通过?以.上讨论,我们可以得出结论?

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion tha t ?.通过数据我们得到的结论是,....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that... 从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来??也许更好

四 .举例句型

1.Let's take...to illustrate this.

2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

3. Here is

one more example. 4.Take ? for example.5.The same is true of 6.This?.offers a typical instance of ?.7We may quote a common example of 8.Just?.think of ?.

五 .常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that 有些?人.认为? To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for

the reasons below. 坦率地说,我不能同意他们的意见,理由如下。

2. For years,?has been seen as ? , but things are quite different多年now来,. ??一直被

为??,但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because 我认为这个论点是?正.确的,因为?

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ?.我无法完全同意这一观点的? I believe ?.

5. My argument for this view goes as follows. 我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of ? , more and随more着??的?发.展,越来越多?

7. There is a long- running debate as to whether 有一个?长.期运行的辩论,是否?

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ beli eved /held/accepted/recognized that 它通常是?认.为?

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter. 就我而言,我完全同意

前者 / 后者。

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides. 在给出我的

观点之前,我想有必要看看双方的论据。

六表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2. A and B are different in some/every way /

respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in 4. A differs ?from. B in?.5. The difference between A and B

is/lies in/exists in?.6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B

contrast,/while/whereas B?.8. While it is generally believed that A

their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B

B? .11. The most striking difference is that A?, while B ?.

? .7. A?, on the other hand, ? , I believe B?.9. D ? . However, A?; on the othe

七演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for ? , but in general, they come down to three major有几ones个原.

因??,但一般,他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. There are many factors that may account for?, but the following are the most typical有ones. 许多因素可能占...,但以下是最典型的。

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.

有很多方法可以解决这个问题,但下面的可能是最有效的。

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. 一般来说,这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows.

八因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn

a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason /

because of this, we've learned a lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the

book, we've learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.

6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because

of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.

8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。

一高级词汇

1 occur 替换 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. →

An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that

someone had broken into my house.

2 devote 替换 spend He spends all his spare time in reading. → He devotes all his spare

time to reading.

3 seek 替换 want / look for They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees. 4

average 替换 ordinary I ’ m an average ( ordinary ) student.

5 but 替换 very The film we saw last night was very interesting. → The film we saw last

night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything but boring.

6 seat 替换 sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking

worried.

7 suppose 替换 should He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.

8 appreciate 替换 thank Thank you very much for you help. →We appreciate your

help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.

9 the case替换 true I don’ t think it is the case ( true ).

10 on 替换 as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →On his arrival,

he began his research..

11 due to 替换 because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm.

12 cover 替换 walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.

13 contribute to 替换 be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to

English study. →

14 round the corner corner ( coming). Do (nearby). Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.

替换 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner

15come to light 替换 discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.

→The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.

16 have a ball 替换 have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).

17 come up with 替换 think of Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of )

new ideas.

18 set aside 替换 save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004 天津卷 )

19 be of + n. 替换 adj. The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.

20 refer to 替换 talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to (talked about ) is

very famous.

21 can not but / can not help but 替换 have to do I could not but (had to) go home.

22 more often than not 替换 usually More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.

23 lest 替换 so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.

24 be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换 want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much. →I am long to see you.

25 be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to 替换 be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.

26 more than 替换 very ① I ’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →

I ’ m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 ) ② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004 全国卷 )

27 perfect (ly) 替换 good/ very well He speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English

perfectly ( very well ).

28 do sb a/the favor 替换 help Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down

the radio?

29 the other day 替换 a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema

by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )

30 in the course of 替换 during In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please

help each other and pay special attention to your safety.

31 the majority of 替换 most The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching

TV at home to going to the cinema.

32 consist of 替换 be made up of Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.

33 be worn out 替换 be tired / broken ① After five hours ’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). ② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.

34 become of 替换 happen What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?

35 attend to 替换 look after

36 on condition that 替换 as long as

37 nevertheless 替换 however

38 express one’ s satisfaction with 替换 be satisfied with

39 spare no efforts to do 替换 try one’ s best to do

40 many a 替换 many

41be rushed off one’s feet替换be busy in doing

42 a handful of 替换 a little / some

43 meanwhile 替换 at the same time

44 get to one’ s feet 替换 stand up

45 beneath 替换 under

46 occasionally 替换 sometimes /once in while

47 for instance 替换 for example

48 seldom 替换 not often

49 wealthy 替换 rich

50 amazing 替换 surprising

51 as a matter of fact 替换 in fact

二高级句型结构◆ It 句型① It will be + some time + before ? It won ’ t

be long before humans visit the Mars.

②It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.

It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much. He said

since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. 2008 年湖北卷

③ It is +被强调部分+ that,

1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.

2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.

◆more ? than any other 表示最高级

Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any

one else.

◆名词从句

①It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.

( 2004 全国卷Ⅲ )

②My hometown is no longer what it used to be.

◆非限制性定语从句

①The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. →

The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.

(NMET 2003)

② It was quite an experience for us both, which I ’ll never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷 )

◆分词结构

①I don’ t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless

homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001)

②We’ ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.

(2004 全国卷Ⅱ )

③Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.2004 辽宁卷

④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.2008 年湖南卷

① A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured.

②He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.

◆倒装句

①The library is to the east of the teaching building. →East of the teaching building is the library.

②Although we are tired, we are happy. →Tired as we are, we are happy.

②Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷 )

④May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.! 2007 年湖南卷

◆被动语态

①Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002)

②All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全

国卷Ⅳ)

③New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷 )

◆巧妙的改写

1 Only 改成 no one but Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam.

2as soon as ?改成 No sooner? than? /Hardly ?when ? /Immediately ? /The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.

3have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken

(her leg was broken.).

4 变换插入语的位置

①However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002)

②I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you ’ve learned Chinese. →This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you ’ ve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ )

5 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句

Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. → Meimei, a

girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.

Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are

read all over the world.2008 年湖南卷

◆其它

1 注重句子的开头

①用with复合结构开头

With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.

With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.2006 年湖南卷

With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse

web page and download what we want.2009 年江苏卷

②用非谓语动词形式开头

1In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.

ⅱWalking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.

2长短句交错使用注意应突出主题句长句子并非越长越好

1).

2).

3). 表示时间顺序 : first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later first of all, finally, at last?表示空间顺序 : near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side?

表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary,

nevertheless, otherwise?

4).

5). 表示因果关系

表示递进关系

: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus?

: besides, what’ s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in

addition, on top of ?

6).

7). 表示并列关系 : and, as well as, also?

表示总结性 : in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude ?

高中英语作文高级词汇替换大全

.增补(Addition) in addition另外, furthermor e此外, again, also, besides, moreover此外, similarly, finally最后2.比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison比较起来, just as同样地3.对照(Contrast) whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand, instead同样, however然而, nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary, while 4.因果(Cause and effect) because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 5.强调(Emphasis) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant 6.让步(Concession) although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true.... 7.例证(Exemplification) for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8.总结(Conclusion) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary 9.推断(Inference) therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.时间和空间(Time and space) afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 11.启承转合 1)、启 A proverb says...... At present....... As the proverb says.... Currently..... Generally speaking, .... Now,.... In general, ..... On the Whole.... It is clear that.... Recently..... It is often said that.... Without doubt, ....... 2)、承 First(of all), ...... Moreover, ......... Firstly, ............ No one can deny that.... In the first place, ......... Obviously..... To begin with, ......... Of course, ......... Also, ....... Similarly,......... At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that..... Certainly...... There is no doubt that....... In addition,..... What`s more, .......... In fact........ It can be easily proved that...

高中英语作文万能句子大全

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一、开头段常用提出现象句型 1. Nowadays more and more … are commonly and widely used in everyday life. 现在越来越多的……被广泛用于日常生活。 2. In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with… 近年来……正日益普及… 3. Recent years have seen a boom in … 近年来,出现了繁荣的… 4. Nowadays, there are many… 现在,有很多的… 5. nowadays, … has become a very common matter in … 如今,……已成为一种很普遍的事情… 6. Nowadays there is a growing tendency in … 现在有越来越多的趋势… 7. Recently … has aroused wide concern./…has been brought into focus. 最近……引起了人们的广泛关注。/……已经成了焦点。 8. Most of us may have such experience that … 我们中的大多数人可能都有这样的经历… 二、开头段常用引出他人观点句型 1. In reaction to the phenomenon …some people say … 对这一现象的反应,有些人说……

2. When it comes to …, some people think… 当谈到……,有些人认为… 3. When asked about …, most people say … 当被问及……,大多数人说… 4. Now, it is widely believed that … 现在,人们普遍认为… 三、开头段常用引出两种不同观点句型 1. There has sprung up a heated debate as to whether …. Some maintain that…. However, others believe that … 出现了激烈的辩论是否的…一些支持…然而,其他人认为… 2. There is a public debate today over …. Some people believe…. Others claim that… 今天有一场公开了…一些人相信…其他人认为… 3. People’s opinions vary when they talk about …. Some maintain that…. Others believe that … 人们众说纷纭,当他们谈论的…一些支持…另一些人相信… 四、中间段常用引出作用、重要性、优缺点、影响句型 1. … plays an important role in … ……中起着重要的作用… 2. The advantages of … lies in many ways.

高考英语作文高级词汇

高分作文必备 ①词汇篇 单词可以说一个人单词量的展现,如果总停留在使用very good等小学词汇,那老师把你当成发育不完全也正常.所以要使用一些高级词汇(就象是给文章穿上了成人内衣),我不建议大家用考纲以外的词汇(当然你能用更好),下面教你用高级替换简单词汇~ ~ severe 替换掉serious(严重的)a severe water shortage严重缺水wealthy 替换掉 rich (富裕的) beneficial 替换掉 good (有益的) undesirable 替换掉 bad (不好的,不受欢迎的) nevertheless 替换掉 however/but(然而,不过) fundamental / significant/vital /crucial 替换掉 important(重要的)relevant 替换掉 related (有关的)....is highly relevant to....... extraordinary/amazing 替换掉 surprising (惊人的,非凡的)provided/providing (that)替换掉 if (如果.....) on condition that替换掉 as long as promote /strengthen 替换掉 improve (提高,加强) cope with 替换掉 solve(解决) motivate 替换掉 encourage(激励) pros and cons 替换掉 advantages and disadvantages(好处和坏处)

--You must consider all the pros and cons of the matter before you make a decision.在你做决定之前,必须考虑这个问题的正反两个方面. approach / method 替换掉 way(方法,方案) adopt 替换掉 use (采用,采取) the aged 替换掉 old people(老人) adolescents 替换掉 the young (青少年) employment/occupation 替换掉 job(就业,工作) affair 替换掉 thing (事情,东西) catastrophe 替换掉( disaster 灾难) subscribe to 替换掉 agree with(同意) acquire 替换掉 gain (获得(尤指知识上的)) administration 替换掉 government (政府部门) extremely/desperately 替换掉 very/hard (非常地,极度地,拼命地)for instance 替换掉 for example (例如) advocate 倡导替换掉 suggest, propose compensate for替换掉make up弥补..... Hence 替换掉so 因此 In contemporary society 在当今社会 A vast amount of 大量的替换掉 a lot of sustainable development 可持续发展 be abundant in 富有... 替换掉 be rich in

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