2016年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题及答案

2016年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题

I、Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)

1、Semantics is the study of different linguistic level: lexis syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.（ D ）

A、relations

B、origins

C、forms

D、meanings

2、The relationship between sound and meaning is because people of the same speech.（ B ）

A、arbitrary

B、conventional

C、symbolic

D、fixed

3、Which of the following belongs to the common core of the English language?（ A ）

A、Polysemy

B、Terminology

C、Jargon

D、Slang

4、At the end of the 6th century Latin-speaking Roman missionaries spread Christianity and brought many terms such as abbot, candle, alter.（ D ）

A、geographical

B、medical

C、artistic

D、religious

5、In the mid-seventeenth century, enabled English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.（ B ）

A、the Renaissance

B、the growth of colonization

C、advances in science and technology

D、a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek classics

6、New words like Mao jacket, kungfu, blank belt come into present-day English vocabulary due to .（ C ）

A、social, economic and political and political changes

B、an upsurge of learning ancient Roman classics

C、the influence of other cultures and languages

D、the rapid development of modern science and technology

7、For the word idealistic, prisoner, individualist, only ideal, prison, individual are .（ A ）

A、free morphemes

B、bound morphemes

C、functional words

D、grammatical words

8、For the word antecedent, -ced- is called a(n) .（ B ）

A、free morpheme

B、bound root

C、free root

D、affix

9、There are inflectional affixes in the following words EXCEPT.（ C ）

A、likes

B、hardest

C、hatred

D、going

10、Which of the following prefixes is a pejorative prefix?（ C ）

A、a-(asleep)

B、de-(de-compose)

C、mal-(mal-practice)

D、extra-(extra-strong)

11、The prefixes bi-, multi-, semi- are prefixes.（ B ）

A、miscellaneous

B、number

C、locative

D、reversative

12、Words like nylon, orlon are words from proper names, which were originally .（ D ）

A、names of people

B、names of places

C、names of books

D、trade names

13、is the result of human recognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（ B ）

A、Reference

B、Concept

C、Sense

D、Motivation

14、The meaning given in the dictionary and forming the core of word-meaning is

meaning.（ B ）

A、grammatical

B、conceptual

C、associative

D、affective

15、The following are words of appreciative meanings EXCEPT.（ C ）

A、famous

B、determined

C、associative

D、affective

16、Which of the following statements is true?（ A ）

A、Perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation.

B、Homonyms mainly come from borrowing, changes in sound and spelling, and dialects.

C、Homonyms are words whose meanings are closely related.

D、Most homonyms are words that are the same in spelling, but differ in sound and meaning.

17、Horse, dog, pig are subordinates in relation to animal, which shows the sense relation of .（ D ）

A、antoymy

B、synonymy

C、homonymy

D、hyponymy

18、Which of the following expressions does NOT use antonyms?（ C ）

A、Easy come, easy go.

B、More haste, less speed.

C、Feed a cold and starve a fever.

D、United we stand, divided we fall

19、The word picture originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawing”and even “photograph”. This example shows of meaning.（ A ）

A、extension

B、narrowing

C、degradation

D、transfer

20、which of the following words has undergone elevation of meaning?（ B ）

A、busybody: busy person – officious and meddlesome person

B、naughty: wicked, bad, evil-not behaving properly

C、notorious: well-known-unfavorable well-known

D、voyage: journey-journey by water

21、The meaning of clean-sounding has changed from “sight”to”hearing”. This example shows .（ B ）

A、associated transfer

B、transfer of sensations

C、transfer between abstract and concrete meanings

D、transfer between subject and objective meanings

22、Many familiar words have different meanings when they are used in different contexts.

Study the following sentences carefully and decide in which sentence stage means “the theatre or acting as a profession”.（ C ）

A、The union kept plans alive to stage new strikes.

B、The scientists have added another stage to the rocket.

C、Michael Jackson is a star of the stage, screen, and television.

D、I believe in the national independence as the first stage of responsible self-government.

23、I like Mary better than Jean.

The above sentence has ambiguity due to .（ D ）

A、polysemy

B、homonymy

C、antonymy

D、grammatical structure

24、is used as context clues in the flowing sentence:“Do get me a clop,”she said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a scornful glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.（ B ）

A、Hyponymy

B、Example

C、Word structure

D、Definition

25、When in a brown study is used as an idiom, brown cannot rereplaced by red, green, etc. This shows that .（ C ）

A、many idioms are grammatically unanalysable

B、the word order of idioms cannot be inverted or changed

C、the structure of an idiom is a large extent unchangeable

D、the consitituents of an idiom cannot be delete or added to

26、The English idiom means “something that spoils the perfections of something”.（ D ）

A、white elephant

B、flesh and blood

C、an apple of discord

D、fly in the ointment

27、Which of the following idioms is NOT a phrasal verb?（ B ）

A、look into

B、fall flat

C、get away with

D、put off

28、Which of the following statements is NOT true?（ A ）

A、Monolingual dictionaries are written in two languages.

B、An unabridged dictionary is an unshortened one.

C、Linguistic dictionaries aim at defining words and explaining their usages in the language

D、Special dictionaries concentrate on a particular area of language or knowledge

29、The grammatical code [+obj v-ed] means .（ C ）

A、verb+infinitive

B、verb+object+infinitive

C、verb+object+past+participle

D、verb+object+clause with wh-

30、Which of the following is NOT the proper Chinese equivalent for its English item?( C )

A、吃软不吃硬——open to persuasion, but not to coercion

B、布衣素食——coarse clothes and simple fare

C、打小报告——be a reporter

D、没词儿——be suck for an answer

II、Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15%)

31、Newly-created words or expressions in English vocabulary, such as AIDS and E-mail are called neologisms.

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40proverbs

including colloquialisms and catchphrases.

III. Define the following terms. (15%)

41、semantic change(referring to modes of vocabulary development)

Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.

42、compounding

Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.

43、synonyms

Synonyms can be defines as words different in sound and spelling but most nearly alike or exactly the same in meaning.

44、grammatical context

In some cases, the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call grammatical context.

45、phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are idioms which are composed of a verb plus a prep. And/or a particle.

IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)

46、Give the definition of a stem and point out the stem(s) in the word “internationalist”.

A stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added. “nation, national, international, internationalist” are all stems.

47、Explain the difference between initialisms and acronyms with the example words VOA, AIDS, N-bomb, UFO, CORE, ID.

Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, e.g. VOA, ID, UFO.

A cronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, or formed with the initial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second, e.g. AIDS, CORE,

N-bomb.

48、Arrange each of the following groups of synonyms according to their degree of intensity, from the weakest to the strongest.

1) astonish, amaze, surprise

2) pardon, forgive, excuse

3) genius, ability, talent

4) sadness, grief, sorrow

5) pleasure, rapture, delight

1) surprise, amaze, astonish

2) excuse, pardon, forgive

3) ability, talent, genius

4) sadness, sorrow, grief

5) pleasure, delight, rapture

49. What are the three major functions of context?

1) elimination of ambiguity

2) indication of referents

3) provision of clues for inferring word-meaning

V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)

50、Comment on the following two sentences to illustrate the two sub-categories of affective meaning.

A)Knowledge of inequality has stimulated envy, ambition and greed.

B)One who is filled with ambition usually works hard.

Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative. Word of positive overtones are used to show appreciation or the attitude of approval, while those of negative connotations imply disapproval, contempt or criticism.

The appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are usually brought out in context.

In sentence A, ambition undoubtedly conveys a pejorative overtone, along with the other two words envy and greed, while in sentence B, the same word ambition is obviously used in good sense, showing approval on the part of the speaker, together with the words work hard.

51、What characteristic of antonyms does the following pair of sentences demonstrate?

A)How tall is his brother?

B)How short is his brother?

Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion, pairs of antonyms are seen as marked and unmarked terms respectively. In many pairs we find one member is more specific than the other and the meaning of the specific is included in that of the general, so far as the meaning is concerned, sentence A includes the meaning of sentence B. the use of tall does not exclude the possibility of his brother being short. But sentence B is much more restricted in sense and is considered semantically abnormal unless the speaker is particularly interested in the shortness of his brother.

2016年考研英语一真题及答案

2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） 真题及答案（完整版） Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman （and many men ）that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques . The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France [A] Physical beauty would be redefined [B] New runways would be constructed

2016考研英语二真题：小作文解析

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2016年考研管理类联考英语二真题.pdf

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绝密★启用前 2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 管理类专业硕士联考 2016年管理类专硕联考英语(二)试题及详解 考生注意事项 1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则 2. 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类 型答题卡上的答案无效。 3. 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试 卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 4 .交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考 生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence___1___firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.___2___, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking ___3___ for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the ___4___ and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would ___5___the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness ___6___by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. ___7___enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were ___8___.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities ___9___why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various ___10___that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was ___11___to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally ___12___even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors ___13___to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less ___14___managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”　The relationship was ___15___stronger in places where happiness was spread more ___16___.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. ___17___this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least ___18___at that possibilit y. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help ___19___how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and ___20___R&D m ore than the average,” said one researcher. 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion

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2000年至2012年全国自考英语词汇学试卷参考答案

参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分） 2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分） 3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分） 4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分） 5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）

考研英语二写作历年真题及解析2016-2010

Mba英语二写作历年真题及解析 2016年 Section IV Writing Part A 47。Directions： Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend，Jack，wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation。Write him a reply to 1）thank him，and 2）give you advice You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET。 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter。Use Li Ming instead。 Do not write the address。（10 points） Part B 48。Directions： Write an essay based on the chart below。In your writing，you should 1）interpret the chart，and 2）give your comments。 You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET。（15 points）

Section IV Writing 47、 [参考范文] Dear Jack， Your letter of congratulations was received。Thank you for your nice words on my winning the c ontest。In the letter， you asked me about the skills to do translation，so the following are my a dvice for you。 Firstly， you should analyze the sentence structure， thus catching the meaning of the sentence。 Secondly， find the proper words to translate the meaning of the source language into the target l anguage。 Thirdly，revise your translation at least three times to check if there are any mistransl ations or missed meanings。 I hope my advice helpful。 Wish to see you soon。 Yours sincerely， Li Ming 第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明感谢来自朋友的祝贺;可以采用这样的表达方式：I’m writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest. 第二段：写作内容应以建议为主体。在这个过程中可以把日常我们如何提高的方式写进正文，比如多加练习、多与外国人交流，多多接触国际事务等。本篇老师主要从这些方面进行论述，表达如下As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals i n this part. First and foremost, I strongly suggest you that you need to practice with painstaking effort in this field. What’s more, you had better have more communication with foreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding of foreign culture. Last but not least, you are supposed to participate in some international events to accumulate a wealth of practical experience. 第三段：再次强调重申写信目的，如Thanks again and I do hope you could take my suggestions into consideration. I wish you have good luck and make a great success in your future study. 落款：Yours sincerely,特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢;签名：Li Ming特别注意Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。 48、 [参考范文] Portrayed in the above pie chart is a survey of college students’ purposes of traveling。 The numb er of students who take traveling as a chance to see beautiful scenes accounts for 37%，while stu dents who would like to travel to relieve pressure from study take up 35 %。 There are several reasons behind the trend revealed in the above chart。To begin with， as the pr esent society is filled with fierce competition， most college students nowadays are under great pr essure to stand out among others or to lunch a decent job after graduation。Therefore， they tend to choose traveling as an outlet to relieve their stress。 Secondly，with the fast advancement of t he living standards of Chinese families， traveling is increasingly affordable to most college stude nts。 For this reason， students prefer to travel to see different views to enjoy themselves or to m ake some friends。 From my perspective， no matter what reason it is for， traveling is of great benefit for students 今年英语二作文的题目比较好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图表显示了某高校学生旅游目的调查, 考生分析原因的话也会很简单。下面分三段简要地说一下这三段应该怎么写。 第一段主要是描述图表。图表一目了然，数量词百分比也是大家熟悉的词汇，表述数据时，图中有四五组数据，由于字数的限制以及为了写作的便利可以突出较大比例的“欣赏风景”和“缓解压力”，注意引入百分比的表达方式。 第二段给出你的评论，主要写这种情况的原因。主要要结合图表描述的内容从两个方面写起。一方面为什么为了欣赏风景而旅行的目的占37%，另一方面为什么缓解压力会占到33%比例。 最后结尾段落可简要得出结论，这种现象并不奇怪，还将继续下去。