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新世纪大学英语综合教程4 课文翻译

Nature nurtures mankind unselfishly with its rich resources. Yet, man is so carried away in his transformation of nature that he is unaware that it also has limitations and needs constant care. Now worn by the excessive demands of mankind, nature is unable to maintain the ecological balance needed. Humanity is faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature.

T Man in the Realm of Nature

Alexander Spirkin

The text is downloaded from the website:

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/451646125.html,/reference/archive/spirkin/works/dialectical-materiali

1RT Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly

surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the

influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he

drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood"

ties and we cannot live outside nature.

人在自然界

亚历山大·斯伯金

人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。close

2RT Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it.

Humanity converts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural,

historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and

compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man

transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic

conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his

environment and transformed plants and animals.

人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。close

nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant

ancestors lived in fear of nature's destructive forces. Very often they

were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite

their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively,

and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through

interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland

increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something

hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and

frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in

the name of civilisation, which meant the places where man had made

his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been

cut down.随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖

却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常

常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，

顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森

林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬

如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这

一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕

耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。

close4RT But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural

resources for the needs of production. Science and man's practical

transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous

geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.

然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。close

5RT At present the previous dynamic balance between man and

nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous

signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable

resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting

more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and

society even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water. The

problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly

complex.

目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。close

abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of

thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly

cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic,

glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them. Young people

may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as

they grow older.

现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。close

7RT As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns into

waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very

toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking

themselves the question: Is man's destruction of the biosphere

inevitable?

久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？close

8RT The man-nature relation — the crisis of the ecological situation — is a global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by

individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the

ways to deal with the crisis situation in the "man-nature" system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of

the seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of the

universe.

人与大自然的关系——生态环境的危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者某些国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。解决人与大自然关系危机的方法之一，就是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其他尚不为人所知的宇宙中的自然能。close

9RT But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human

actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may turn out to be universal.

How apt then are the words of ancient Oriental wisdom: live closer to

nature, my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you!

但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这种灾难也许是全球性的。古代东方智者的话讲得真是恰如其分：朋友们，你要是亲近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒不变的规律永远呵护你！close

The acquisition of knowledge is self-contradictory by nature. The more one knows, the more he knows how little he knows. Reading often leads to more questions than answers. Writing opens things up rather than closes them off. The author of the following essay regards truth as a rainbow that cannot be really grasped. He urges us to be humble about what we don't know as we pride ourselves on what we know.

T The Rainbow of Knowledge

Craig Russell

This text is downloaded from the website https://www.wendangku.net/doc/451646125.html,/. The

author Craig Russell is a writer and musician in upstate New York, USA.

1RT For more than 3/4 of my life — 39 of my 50 years — I've either

studied or taught in a school or a college in New York.

知识彩虹

克雷格·拉塞尔

我这辈子四分之三以上的时间（50年中有39年）是在纽约的中小学或大学里度过的，不是在上学，就是在教学。close

2RT You might think, then, that after all this time I'd have some grasp

of the situation, that I'd actually know things — that I'd have some

positive sense of assurance, of certainty, about knowledge and about

life. But I don't. In fact, the more I know, the more I know I don't know.

于是，你或许会认为，经过这么长一段时间，我应该了解一些情况，确实知道一些东西，对知识和对生活该会积极地予以把握和肯定了。可是，我却没有做到这一点。事实上，我知道的东西越多，反倒越觉得自己无知。close

3RT To say that the more I know, the more I know I don't know is, of

course, contradictory. But then, modern physics tells us that reality

itself is contradictory. The more scientists look into our physical reality,

the more it slips away from them. In a way, the more they learn, the

less they know.

当然，说自己知道的东西越多，反倒越觉得自己无知，这种说法是矛盾的。然而，现代物理学告诉我们，现实世界本身就是矛盾的。科学家们对物质现实世界研究得越多，就越无法对它进行把握。在某种意义上，他们了解的越多，知道的就越少。close

4RT Knowledge itself is contradictory. For example, picture your

knowledge as a dot, as perhaps the period at the end of this sentence.

Notice the tiny circumference of that period, and let that represent the

interface of the known with the unknown — in other words, your

awareness of what you don't know.

知识本身就是矛盾的。打个比方，假设你的知识是一个点，就像这个句子末尾的句号一样。请注意这个句号微小的圆周，假设它代表我们已知和未知的分界——换句话说，就是你对自己不知道的东西的认知。close

5RT But now imagine that little period growing, its blackness

consuming more and more of the page. As it grows, so does its

circumference. And if that growing blackness represents knowledge,

then as it grows, so does the awareness of what remains unknown. In

other words, the more you know, the more you know you don't know.

但现在想象一下那个小小的句号在渐渐扩大，它的黑色部分占据页面越来越多的地方。随着它的扩大，它的周缘也跟着扩大。如果那个正在增大的黑色部分代表你的知识的话，在知识增长的同时，你会意识到自己有许多不知道的东西。也就是说，你知道的越多，就越觉得自己无知。close

6RT No doubt you have experienced this yourself in your own personal

quests for knowledge. At first, you don't even know a field of learning

exists. It's been there all along, of course; you just haven't noticed it

before. When I got my first computer in 1988, I walked down to the

magazine store, hoping to find something about computing and was

amazed at the number of choices. Likewise, when I lucked into an

opportunity to teach film analysis, I found myself dazzled at the sheer

number of books devoted to the subject.

你在求知过程中肯定有过类似的经历。起初，你甚至并不知道还有某个学科的存在。当然，这个学科是早就存在的，只是你以前没有注意到而已。1988年有了第一台电脑以后，我去杂志店，想找一些关于电脑操作方面的书，结果发现这类书琳琅满目，让我吃惊。同样，当我有幸获得讲授电影分析这门课的机会时，我发现有关这个领域的专著也多得令我眼花缭乱。close

7RT Let's say you decide to learn about this topic. You buy one of these

books, the best and most complete one you can find (or so you think),

or perhaps you borrow it from the library. But you quickly find that your

reading, rather than answering questions, only creates more of them.

假设你决定研究这一课题。你买了一本有关这一课题的书，一本你能找到的最好也是最全面的（或是你认为是这样的）书，或许你是从图书馆借来了这本书。但你很快就会发现，阅读这本书只会给你带来更多的问题，而不是要解答你的疑问。close

8RT Earlier this year, for example, I not only had no idea that I had any interest at all in the relationship of technology to freedom; I didn't even realize that a connection between them might exist. So I started

reading books and became more and more aware of the relationship

between technology and freedom. Then, on the one hand, I now know much more about this topic than I did a few short months ago. But on the other hand, all this reading has made me see how little I really

know and how much more I need to read and think and write. Once I've finished reading a book, I always feel that I need to read three more to gain a better grasp of the topic. And I think and write at the same time.

In fact, it is my writing that has led me into it. We think often that only people who know and who are sure of themselves write. For me,

however, it's just the opposite. Writing doesn't close things off — it

opens things up.

譬如，今年早些时候，我非但不知道自己对技术和自由之间的关系有兴趣，甚至没有意识到这两者之间有可能存在着某种联系。于是，我开始阅读这方面的书籍，越读越意识到技术与自由之间的关系。一方面，比起短短的几个月之前，现在我对这个课题的了解是多了。但另一方面，所有这些阅读让我看到了自己真正懂得的东西是多么的少，而需要阅读、思考和写作的东西又是多么的多。每读完一本书，我总是觉得需要再读三本书，才能更好地把握这个课题。我的思考和写作也在同时进行。事实上，正是写作让我接触了这一课题。我们通常认为只有那些知识渊博、充满自信的人才会从事写作。然而，在我看来却恰恰相反。写作并不是总结，而是拓展。close

9RT For a long time, I, as a writer, was paralyzed by this paradox —

the more I know, the more I know I don't know. I was very aware of the teaching from Tao ism that said "those who know don't speak; those

who speak don't know." I wasn't sure I should write at all, and, even if

I did, I didn't believe that I was qualified to do it. I always felt I had to

know more first. It took me a long time not to let this paradox freeze

me and to believe that it was my writing that would qualify my

knowledge, and not the other way around. I think of my work not as

articles or as columns but as essays — a word from French, meaning

"to try". I do not know truth. I only try to find it.

身为作家，很长一段时间我都被这个矛盾所困惑——知道的越多，越感到自己无知。我深深领悟了道家的教诲：“知者不言，言者不知。”我对自己该不该写作毫无把握，即使写了，也觉得自己没有资格写。我总觉得自己应该先获得更多的知识。我花了很长一段时间，才解除了这种矛盾对我的禁锢，最终才确信正是写作让我增长了知识，而不是知识让我有资格从事写作。我觉得自己的作品不是文章或者专栏，而是essays，即“随笔”，essays是一个法语词，意思是“尝试”。我不懂得真理，只是努力要找到它。close 10RT I don't mean, of course, to suggest that we should not learn, or that we should not read and write and think and talk. I do not mean to suggest that we should not try. An infinite quest is not a hopeless one.

I only suggest that an understanding will inevitably and doubtlessly

lead us away from the force and rigidity of dogmatism and toward the

flexibility and freedom of the individual. As Taoism teaches, "the stiff

and unbending is the disciple of death. The gentle and yielding is the

disciple of life."

当然，我不是说我们不应该学习，或者不应该阅读、写作、思考和交谈。我也不是说我们不应该去尝试。永无止境的探索并非毫无希望。我只是认为，对知识中矛盾的理解，必然会把我们从教条主义的压迫和僵化中引导出来，迈向个人的灵活和自由。这正如道家所说：“坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒。”close 11RT We must temper our pride in knowing with the humility of not

knowing. The truth, as they say, is out there, but, maybe, like the

rainbow, we can never really grasp it, never hold it in our hands and

truly know it. We can only, as William James said, "live today by what

truth we can get today and be ready to call it falsehood tomorrow."

我们必须将因知识而生出的自豪感和因无知而生出的谦卑感加以揉和。他们说得好，真理就在那里，但或许就像彩虹一样，我们却永远不能真正地抓住它，也不能把它握在手里并真正地掌握它。正如威廉·詹姆斯所说的那样，我们只能“按照今天得到的真理而生活，并准备明天把它叫做谬论。”close

T Work, Labor, and Play

Wystan H. Auden

This text is taken from The Little, Brown Reader (Third Edition), edited by Marcia

Stubbs and Sylvan Barnet. Little, Brown and Company. 1983.

1RT So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to

define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a

man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be

really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy

doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or

importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been

abolished, whether what a man does has social value depends on

whether he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be

called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of

no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of

earning a living and supporting his family.

工作、劳动和玩耍

威斯坦·H·奥登

就我所知，汉娜·阿伦特小姐是界定工作和劳动之间本质区别的第一人。一个人要想快乐，第一要有自由感，

第二要确信自己有价值。如果社会迫使一个人去做他自己不喜欢的事，或者说，他所喜欢做的事被社会忽视，看作没有价值或不重要，那他就不会真正快乐。在一个严格意义上已废除奴隶制的社会里，一个人做的事情是否具有社会价值取决于他是否为完成此项工作得到了报酬。然而，今天的劳动者可以被称为名副其实的工资奴隶。如果社会给一个人提供一份他本人不感兴趣的工作，他出于养家糊口的需要不得已才从事这项工作，那这个人就是一个劳动者。close

2RT The opposite to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy

what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely

private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.

与劳动相对的是玩耍。玩游戏时，我们能从中得到乐趣，否则就不会玩这个游戏。但这完全是一种私人的活动，我们玩不玩这个游戏社会是不会关注的。close

3RT Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is

personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what

from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who

undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the

difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or a cobbler

may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer. Which a man is can be seen

from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is

therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers

die of heart attacks and forget their wives' birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is

natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend

laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.

处在劳动和玩耍之间的是工作。如果一个人对社会为他支付报酬的工作感兴趣，他就是一个工作者。从社会角度看是必需的劳动在他自己看来却是自愿的玩耍。一个职位是劳动还是工作，并不取决于这个职位本身，而是取决于占据这个职位的个人自己的情趣。这种差异与体力劳动和脑力劳动之间的差异并不吻合。譬如，一个园丁或者鞋匠也许就是一个工作者，而一个银行职员则可能是一个劳动者。一个人是工作者还是劳动者可以从他对闲暇的态度上看出来。对于一个工作者来说，闲暇不过是他需要放松、休息从而进行有效工作的几个小时，所以，他可能只有少量的闲暇，而不会有大量的空闲。工作者可能会死于心脏病，并会忘记自己妻子的生日。而对于劳动者来说，闲暇就意味着摆脱强制，所以，他自然会想象：他不得不花费在劳动上的时间越少，而自由自在地玩耍的时间越多，那才越好。close

4RT What percentage of the population in a modern technological

society are, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers? At a guess I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is

likely to get bigger in the future.

在一个现代化的技术社会里，总人口中有多大比例的人能够像我一样有幸成为工作者呢？我估计大概有16％，而且，我认为这个数字将来也不会增加。close

5RT Technology and the division of labor have done two things: by

eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they

have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly

were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivity

they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is

already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the

population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure

as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. When one recalls

how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not

cheerful. Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even

more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for

aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a

season to shoot gro use, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are

more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as

often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. Again, the

masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no

animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling,

dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in

dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence.

Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their

aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or

mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in

mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase "getting one's teeth into

a problem".

技术和劳动的分工成就了两件事：通过在许多领域取消了特别才能和技术的需要，把过去本来令人愉快的大量受雇职业的工作变成了令人厌倦的劳动；通过提高生产力，缩短了劳动所需的时间。已经可以想象出这样一个社会：其人口的大多数，也就是其中的劳动者们，将会享受到早期贵族们才能享受到的几乎同样多的休闲。当人们回想起过去贵族们的举止行为时，前景并非乐观。的确，在未来这样一个大众社会里，人们要解决“无聊”这个问题，也许比过去的贵族们要困难得多。后者（贵族们）把他们的时间都仪式化了，譬如，有打松鸡的季节，有在城镇消磨的季节等等。广大民众更有可能以时尚来取代一成不变的仪式，而时尚将会为了某些人的经济利益频繁地变化。再者，广大民众也不会再去狩猎，因为，要不了多久可供猎取的动物就没有了。至于贵族们其他的消遣项目，比如赌博、决斗和战争，人们可以轻而易举地从危险驾驶、吸食毒品和毫无理性的暴力行为中找到同样的乐趣。工作者很少从事暴力活动，他们可以把自己的“敌对心理”用在工作上，不管是工匠的体力活，还是科学家、艺术家的脑力活。“敌对心理”在脑力劳动中的作用可以在“紧紧咬住问题”这个短语里得到恰如其分的表达。close

Play the Audio

T Two Truths to Live By

Alexander M. Schindler

The text is taken from Reader's Digest.

1RT The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go.

An ancient man said long ago: "A man comes to this world with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open."

人生的两条真理

亚历山大·M·辛德勒

人生的艺术就是要懂得收与放。正如古人所言：“一个人出生时拳头紧握，过世时却松手而去。”close 2RT Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wonderful, and full of

a beauty. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this

truth only in our backward glance when we remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.

当然，我们应该紧紧把握人生，因为它既神奇，又美丽。我们都懂得这个道理。可是我们却常常在回首往事时才突然觉醒，意识到其中之美，可为时已晚，一切都时过境迁。close

3RT We remember a beauty that faded, a love that withered. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered.

我们记起的是褪色的美、消逝的爱。但是这种记忆中却饱含了苦涩，我们痛惜没有在美丽绽放的时候注意到它，没有在爱情到来的时候做出回应。close

4RT A recent experience re-taught me this truth. I was hospitalized

following a severe heart attack and had been in intensive care for

several days. It was not a pleasant place.

我自己最近的一个经历又令我悟出了这其中的道理。剧烈的心脏病发作以后我被送进了医院的重症监护病房。那地方可不是好呆的。close

5RT One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required

machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard in a chair. As we emerged from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That's all there was to my experience.

Just the light of the sun. And yet how beautiful it was — how warming;

how sparkling; how brilliant!

一天上午，我要接受几项辅助检查。因为检查的器械在医院另一侧的一座楼内，所以我只能坐在轮椅上让人推着穿过庭院才能到达那里。就在从病房里出来的那一刻，阳光正照在我身上。我所感觉到的就只有这阳光，它如此美丽，如此温暖，如此璀璨和辉煌！close

6RT I looked to see whether anyone else relished the sun's golden

glow, but everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to

the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes

even mean concerns to respond to the great beauty of it all.

我看看周围是否有人也沉醉在这金色的阳光中，然而，人人却来去匆匆，大都目不斜视，双眼只盯着地面。这时我想到自己平常又何尝不是往往对身边的美景视而不见而沉湎于日常细小的、有时甚至是低俗的琐事之中呢！close

7RT The insight gleaned from that experience is really as

commonplace as was the experience itself: life's gifts are precious —

but we are too careless of them.

从这次经历中所获得的顿悟就像这个经历本身一样，并无什么奇特之处：生活的恩赐是宝贵的，只是我们对此太掉以轻心罢了。close

8RT Here then is the first pole of life's paradoxical demands on us:

Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. Be respectful before

each dawning day. Embrace each hour. Seize each golden minute.

那么人生给我们的第一个矛盾的真理就是：不要因为太过忙碌而错过了人生的美好和壮丽。虔诚地迎接每一个黎明的到来。把握每一个小时，抓住宝贵的每一分每一秒。close

9RT Hold fast to life, but not so fast that you cannot let go. This is the

second side of life's coin, the opposite pole of its paradox: we must

accept our losses, and learn how to let go.

紧紧把握住人生，但不要紧得放不开。这是生活的另一面，是矛盾体的另一极：我们必须接受损失，学会放手。close

10RT This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are

young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we

desire with the full force of our passion can, and will be ours. But then

life moves along to confront us with realities, and slowly but surely this

second truth dawns upon us.

做到这一点并不容易，尤其是当我们还年轻，自以为世界在我们的掌握之中，只要满腔热情、全力以赴地去渴求，我们就能得到我们想要的东西，而且一定能得到！但是，生活在继续，它要我们去面对现实，慢慢地也是实实在在地，生活让我们懂得了第二个真理。close

11RT At every stage of life we sustain losses — and grow in the

process. We begin our independent lives only when we come to this

world. We enter schools, then we leave our mothers and fathers and

our childhood homes. We get married and have children and then have

to let them go. We confront the death of our parents and our spouses.

We face the gradual or not so gradual weakening of our own strength.

And ultimately, we must confront the inevitability of our own death,

losing ourselves, as it were, all that we were or dreamed to be.

在人生的每个阶段，我们都会承受损失——我们也会在这个过程中成长起来。我们只有在来到这个世界上时才开始了独立的生命。我们要进各级学校；继而告别父母和儿时的家庭，然后结婚生子，再就是不得

不让孩子们远走高飞。我们遭遇父母和爱人的死亡，还要面临自己或快或慢的衰老。我们最终不得不面对自己不可避免的死亡。就这样，我们失去了自我，也失去了自己曾经拥有过的或梦想过的一切。close 12RT But why should we be reconciled to life's contradictory demands?

Why fashion things of beauty when beauty is short-lived? Why give our heart in love when those we love will ultimately be torn from our grasp?

但是，我们为什么会心甘情愿地服从于人生中这种矛盾的需求呢？既然明明知道美的东西转眼即逝，我们为什么还要去创造那些美好的东西？既然明明知道自己所爱的人最终会离我们而去，我们为什么还要倾心地去爱呢？close

13RT In order to resolve this paradox, we must seek a wider

perspective, viewing our lives as through windows that open on

eternity. Once we do that, we realize that though our lives are finite,

our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern.

要破解这个矛盾，我们就必须寻找一个更加广阔的视角，像透过可以通向永恒的窗户那样来审视我们的生命。做到了这一点，我们就会知道，我们的生命虽然有限，可我们在地球上的行为却在编织着一个不受时间限制的图案。close

14RT Life is never just being. It is becoming, a relentless flowing on.

Our parents live on through us, and we will live on through our children.

The institutions we build endure, and we will endure through them. The beauty we fashion cannot be dimmed by death. Our flesh may perish, our hands will wither, but the beauty and goodness and truth they

create live on for all time to come.

生命绝不仅仅是静止的存在。它是一股不断变化的、不屈不挠的奔流。我们的父母通过我们使生命得到延续，我们又通过我们的子女使生命得到延续。我们所确立的习俗制度会历久长存，我们自己也会在其中得到永生。我们所崇尚的美不会因为我们的死亡而暗淡。我们的肉体会腐朽，我们的双手会枯萎，但我们用双手创造的美、善和真将永存不朽。close

15RT Don't spend and waste your lives accumulating objects that will only turn to dust and ashes. Pursue not so much the material as the

ideal, for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of enduring

worth.

不要把生命耗费在聚敛财物上，这些财物终究会变为尘埃，化为乌有。与其追求物质，还不如追求理想，因为只有理想才能使生命充满意义，只有理想才具有永存的价值。close

16RT Add love to a house and you have a home. Add righteousness to

a city and you have a community. Add truth to a pile of red brick and

you have a school. Add justice to the far-flung round of human

endeavor and you have civilization. Put them all together, elevate them above their present imperfections, add to them the vision of

humankind redeemed, forever free of need and conflict and you have a future lighted with the radiant colors of hope.

给房子赋予爱你就有了家。让一座城市充满道义，你就有了一个社区。在一堆红砖里赋予真理你就有了学校。在人们长期的努力奋斗中加上正义，你就有了文明。把这一切都聚集起来，加以提升，使之超越现存的缺陷，再加上人类对得到拯救的憧憬，永远无求无争，那么你将会有一个闪耀着希望绚烂光彩的未来。close

新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案

Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words

新世纪大学英语综合教程4-课文翻译

|人在自然界| 亚历山大·斯伯金 1)人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。 2)人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。 3)随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。 4)然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。 5)目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。 6)现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。 7)久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？ 8)人与大自然的关系——生态环境的危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者某些国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。解决人与大自然关系危机的方法之一，就是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其他尚不为人所知的宇宙中的自然能。 9)但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这种灾难也许是全球性的。古代东方智者的话讲得真是恰如其分：朋友们，你要是亲近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒不变的规律永远呵护你！

新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程4课后翻译

Unit1 1.我安排他们在小酒吧见面，但那个小伙子一直都没有来。(turn up) I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub,but the young m an never turned up. 2.你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否会变得对我们不利。(tell from appearance)You cannot tell merely from appearances whether things will turn out unfavourable to us or not. 3.那个士兵每次打仗都冲锋在前，从而赢得了国家的最高荣誉。(stand in the gap) The soldier,who stood in the gap in every battle,gained the highest ho nors of the country. 4.主席讲话很有说服力，委员会其他成员都听从他的意见。(yield to) The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielde d to his opinion. 5.他们现在生活富裕了，但也曾经历坎坷。(ups and downs) They are well-to-do now,but along the way they had their ups and dow ns. 6.这次演讲我将说明两个问题。(address oneself to) There are two questions to which I will address myself in this lecture. 7.我们正筹划为你举办一次盛大的圣诞聚会。(in sb.’s honour) We are planning a big Christmas party in your honour. 8.听到那个曲子，我回想起了儿童时代。(throw one’s mind back)

大学英语4课文翻译

unit 1 TextA Love and logic: The story of a fallacy 爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事 1 I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either. 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。 2 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition. 但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。 3 "Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken". “光彩照人”，她已经是了。而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。 4 After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked. 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。我的想法有些怪异。而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。 5 "Logic." “逻辑学。” 6 "Cool," she said over her gum. “好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。 7 "The doctrine of logic," I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are well known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter." “逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。”

新世纪英语教程4翻译.doc

U1 1.这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击。(in fear of) 2.这个国家仅用了20年的时间就发展成了一个先进的工业强国。(transform) 3.这个公司已经发展成为这个地区主要的化工生产基地之一。(evolve) 4.鉴于目前的金融形势，美元进一步贬值 (devalue) 是不可避免的。(inevitable) 5.政府号召市民就控制水污染问题献计献策，但响应却不强烈。(response) 6.天气没有出现好转的迹象，所以政府号召我们做好防洪的准备。(show signs of; call upon) 7.科学家曾一度认为没有比原子更小的东西了，但现在大多数人都知道原子是由更小的粒子（particle）构成的。(at one time) 8.这些同学对世界杯十分关注，每天至少花两个小时看比赛的现场直播。(be concerned about; at least) 9.因为得不到贷款，无法按时开业，这家百货商店损失惨重。(come by; lose out) 10.我们不能到那里散步，因为那里有一个海军基地，禁止游客进入。(off limits) 1. The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy. 2. In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power. 3. This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region. 4. Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued. 5. The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens. 6. The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods. 7. At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles. 8. The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV. 9. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time. 10. We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists. U2 1.他的确懂得很多理论，但是，一碰到实际工作就显得非常无知。(when it comes to) 2.最新调查表明，大多数市民支持政府再建一个新图书馆的计划。(survey) 3.这两个国家之所以能够成功地达成科学技术合作协定是因为有利于他们进行合作的好几种因素一直在发挥作用。(at?work) 4.我在上小学时就看过那部电影，可就是一时想不起它的名字来。(come to mind) 5.尽管他每天平均工作12个小时，他仍然陷于重重债务之中。(on average; be stuck with) 6.有必要知道他的身高吗？在我看来，这与他能否成为一个好的律师没有关系。(not relevant to) 7.橱柜被安装到墙里，既节约空间，使用起来又方便。(build … into … ) 8.这些工人挣的钱比我们多，可话又说回来，他们的工作也危险得多。(the other side of the coin) 9.海伦在大学里学的是经济学，与此同时她把哲学作为第二专业来学习。(at the same time) 10.重要的是你们要自己发现问题和解决问题，我是否到现场去无关紧要。(make no difference) 1. He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant. 2. The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译

Unit1 PA无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次"约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道："父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿，说明他不可能离开太长时间。影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为"无需父亲”观念。职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为"家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。当布兰肯霍恩先生就"顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。这种"无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。我们用来讨论父亲角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。我们几乎从来没听到"职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子，同样也适应于男子。我们这个社会表现出似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不象对母亲那么重要——似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。更让人感到侮辱的是最近媒体的这种倾向，即把家庭主妇看成是一种"地位的象征” ——就像一辆名贵的汽车，只有据说少数男人才享受得起这种奢侈与豪华。这暗示家里有家庭主妇的男人比那些妻子在外工作的男人日子过得更舒适，因为他们拥有全职管家这种"奢侈品”。然而，实际上作为家庭惟一挣钱者的男人要承受很多压力。当他们的那份工作是家庭收入的惟一来源的时候，失业，或者甚至只不过是受到失业的威胁，对他们来说显然构成更大的困难。同样，家庭惟一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。此外，为了给家庭挣更多的钱，许多丈夫超时工作或兼做第二职业。对于这些男人来说，正是这份工作所支撑的家庭，使得他们值得付出努力。很多男人相信母亲呆在家里对小孩十分重要，这种信念使得他们乐意地担起家里惟一挣钱人的担子。目前，研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩——因此对整个社会——带来严重的问题。然而，我们这个社会并没有把"普通”父亲作为正面角色为未来的父亲树立榜样，相反地，却常常持放弃态度，认为传统的父道从最好的方面说是已经过时，从最坏的方面讲就是危险的反动。这使得许多男人对他们作为父亲的角色的价值提出疑问。

新视野大学英语四课文翻译

Unit1a 艺术家追求成名,如同狗自逐其尾,一旦追到手,除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么. 成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭. 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角地艺术家,其亲朋常常会建议“正经地饭碗不能丢！”他们地担心不无道理. 追求出人头地,最乐观地说也困难重重,许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒,也是几近精神崩溃. 尽管如此,希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类地不太纯洁地动机却在激励着他们向前. 享受成功地无上光荣,这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡地. 成名者之所以成名,大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱.舞蹈.绘画或写作等方面地特长,并能形成自己地风格. 为了能迅速走红,代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格.他们青云直上地过程让人看不清楚. 他们究竟是怎么成功地,大多数人也都说不上来. 尽管如此,艺术家仍然不能闲下来. 若表演者.画家或作家感到无聊,他们地作品就难以继续保持以前地吸引力,也就难以保持公众地注意力. 公众地热情消磨以后,就会去追捧下一个走红地人. 有些艺术家为了不落伍,会对他们地写作.跳舞或唱歌地风格稍加变动,但这将冒极大地失宠地危险. 公众对于他们藉以成名地艺术风格以外地任何形式都将不屑一顾. 知名作家地文风一眼就能看出来,如田纳西·威廉斯地戏剧.欧内斯特·海明威地情节安排.罗伯特·弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特地诗歌等. 同样,像莫奈.雷诺阿.达利这样地画家,希区柯克.费里尼.斯皮尔伯格.陈凯歌或张艺谋这样地电影制作人也是如此. 他们鲜明独特地艺术风格标志着与别人不同地艺术形式上地重大变革,这让他们名利双收, 但也让他们付出了代价,那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我地自由. 名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热.骗局很快会被揭穿,过多地关注带来地压力会让大多数人难以承受. 它让你失去自我.你必须是公众认可地那个你,而不是真实地你或是可能地你. 艺人,就像政客一样,必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信地话来取悦听众. 一滴名气之水有可能玷污人地心灵这一整口井,因此一个艺术家若能保持真我,会格外让人惊叹. 你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协,却仍然在这场名利地游戏中获胜. 一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡·王尔德,他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世.虽然他地行为遭到公众地反对,却依然故我,他也因此付出了

新世纪大学英语综合教程4课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A Man in the Realm of Nature 人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？人与大自然的关系——生态环境的危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者某些国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。解决人与大自然关系危机的方法之一，就是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其他尚不为人所知的宇宙中的自然能。但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这种灾难也许是全球性的。古代东方智者的话讲得真是恰如其分：朋友们，你要是亲近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒不变的规律永远呵护你！ Text B Extinctions, Past and Present

新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译

Love and logic: The story of fallacy I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either. But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition. "Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken". After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked. 爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。 “光彩照人”，她已经是了。而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。我的想法有些怪异。而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。 "Logic." "Cool," she said over her gum. "The doctrine of logic,” I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are we ll known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter." "Great,” she agreed. "Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore, everybody should exercise." She nodded in agreement. I could see she was stumped. "Polly," I explained, "it's too simple a generalization. If you have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore, you must say exercise is good for most people." "Next is Hasty Generalization. Self-explanatory, right? Listen carefully: You can't speak French. Rob can't speak French. Looks like nobody at this school can speak French." "Really?" said Polly, amazed. "Nobody?" "This is also a fallacy," I said. "The generalization is reached too hastily. Too few instances support such a conclusion." She seemed to have a good time. I could safely say my plan was underway. I took her home and set a date for another conversation. Seated under the oak the next evening I said, "Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam." She nodded with delight. "Listen closely," I said. "A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he says he has six children to feed." "Oh, this is awful, awful," she whispered in a choked voice.

新世纪大学英语综合教程4unit1课文逐段翻译

Text A 人在自然界 |亚历山大·斯伯金 Nature nurtures mankind unselfishly with its rich resources. Yet, man is so carried away in his transformation of nature that he is unaware that it also has limitations and needs constant care. Now worn by the excessive demands of mankind, nature is unable to maintain the ecological balance needed. Humanity is faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature. 人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。 Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood" ties and we cannot live outside nature. 人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。 Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals. 随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。 As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived in fear of nature's destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly , collectively, and were able to attain results . Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat . This was all done in the name of civilization , which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the

新世纪大学英语 综合教程4 课文翻译