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《数据库系统教程》试卷(B卷,2005[1][1].1)

《数据库系统教程》试卷(B卷,2005[1][1].1)
《数据库系统教程》试卷(B卷,2005[1][1].1)

《数据库系统教程》试卷(B卷,2005.1)一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题,共25分。

每小题错选、多选或未选,均扣2分,扣满25分为止)

1.数据库在磁盘上的基本组织形式是 [ ]

A.DB B.文件 C.二维表 D.系统目录

2.在DBS中,最接近于物理存储设备一级的结构,称为 [ ]

A.外模式 B.概念模式 C.用户模式 D.内模式

3.从模块结构考察,DBMS由两大部分组成: [ ]

A.查询处理器和文件管理器 B.查询处理器和存储管理器

C.数据库编译器和存储管理器 D.数据库编译器和缓冲区管理器

4.设W=R?S,且W、R、S的属性个数分别为w、r和s,那么三者之间应满足[ ]

A.w≤r+s B.w<r+s C.w≥r+s D.w>r+s

5.设有关系R(A,B,C)和关系S(B,C,D),那么与R?S等价的关系代数表达式是[ ] A.π1,2,3,4(σ2=1∧3=2(R×S)) B.π1,2,3,6(σ2=1∧3=2(R×S))

C.π1,2,3,6(σ2=4∧3=5(R×S)) D.π1,2,3,4(σ2=4∧3=5(R×S))

6.在关系模式R中,函数依赖X→Y的语义是 [ ]

A.在R的某一关系中,若两个元组的X值相等,则Y值也相等

B.在R的每一关系中,若两个元组的X值相等,则Y值也相等

C.在R的某一关系中,Y值应与X值相等

D.在R的每一关系中,Y值应与X值相等

7.设有关系模式R(A,B,C,D),R上成立的FD集F={A→C,B→C},则属性集BD的闭包(BD)+为[ ]

A.BD B.BCD C.ABD D.ABCD

8.有10个实体类型,并且它们之间存在着10个不同的二元联系,其中2个是1:1联系类型,3个是1:N联系类型,5个是M:N联系类型,那么根据转换规则,这个ER结构转换成的关系模式有 [ ]

A.13个 B.15个 C.18个 D.20个

9.关系模式R分解成数据库模式ρ的一个优点是 [ ]

A.数据分散存储在多个关系中 B.数据容易恢复

C.提高了查询速度 D.存储悬挂元组

10.事务并发执行时,每个事务不必关心其他事务,如同在单用户环境下执行一样,这个性质称为事务的 [ ]

A.持久性 B.一致性 C.孤立性 D.隔离性

11.用户或应用程序使用数据库的方式称为 [ ]

A.封锁 B.权限 C.口令 D.事务

12.三层C/S结构的目的是为了减轻__________的负担。 [ ]

A.主机 B.客户机 C.服务器 D.中间件

13. DDBS中,全局关系是指 [ ]

A.全局外模式中的关系 B.分片模式中的关系

C.全局概念模式中的关系 D.分配模式中的关系

14.对用户而言,ODBC技术屏蔽掉了 [ ]

A.不同服务器的差异 B.不同DBS的差异

C.不同API的差异 D.不同主语言的差异

15.在ORDB中,同类元素的有序集合,称为 [ ]

A.数组类型 B.多集类型 C.单集类型 D.集合类型

二、填空题(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)

16.内存和外存交换信息的单位是________,是由____________________管理的。

17. DBA有两个很重要的工具:__________和__________。

18. DBS中的软件,主要包括DBMS、OS、__________和__________等四个部分。

19.在OO模型中,每个对象有一个唯一的标识符,把__________和__________封装在一起。

20.关系运算理论是关系数据库__________的理论基础。

21.如果SQL的SELECT语句中,未使用分组子句但在SELECT子句中使用了聚合函数,那么此时SELECT子句的语义就不是投影的意思了,而是 ___________ 。

22.函数依赖X→Y能从推理规则推出的充分必要条件是__________。

23.设关系模式R(A,B,C),F是R上成立的FD集,F={A→B,B→C},则分解ρ={AB,AC}丢失了FD__________。

24.如果关系模式R是1NF,并且不存在非主属性对关键码的局部依赖,那么R至少应该是 __________范式。

25.在DBD中,子模式是在__________阶段设计的。

26.事务的执行次序称为__________;

并发事务执行的正确性可用_______________________概念来解决。

27.使用封锁技术,可以避免并发操作引起的各种错误,但有可能产生其他三个问题:

__________、__________和__________。

28.“ODBC”是英文的缩写,其中文是________________________。

29.ORDB中,继承性可发生在__________级或__________级。

30.OO数据模型中类的概念相当于模型中__________的概念。

三、简答题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分)

31.“数据独立性”在文件系统阶段、数据库阶段和分布式数据库阶段中各表现为什么形式?(写出名词即可)

32.设有关系R和S,其值如下:

33.在分解具有无损分解时,系统具有什么特点?

34.试对“数据库系统生存期”下个确切的定义。

35.试解释COMMIT操作和ROLLBACK操作的语义。

36.数据库的并发控制与数据库的恢复之间,有些什么联系?

37.在DDBS中,试解释“适当增加数据冗余度”这个概念。为什么要适当增加数据冗余度? 38.在ORDB中,什么是嵌套的数据结构?什么是递归的数据结构?递归的数据结构如何实现?

四、设计题(本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分)

设教学数据库中有三个基本表:

学生表S(SNO,SNAME,AGE,SEX)

选课表SC(SNO,CNO,GRADE)

课程表C(CNO,CNAME,TEACHER)

39.试写出下列查询语句的关系代数表达式:

检索不学C6课程的男学生的学号和姓名(SNO,SNAME)。

40.写出上面第39题的SQL查询语句形式。

41.试写出下列删除操作的SQL语句:

从SC表中把Maths课程中低于Maths平均成绩的选课元组全部删去。

42.试写出下列修改操作的SQL语句:

把Wu老师的女同学选课成绩增加4%。

43.试用SQL的断言来表达下列约束:

规定每个女同学最多选课6门。

五、综合题(本大题共3小题,每小题7分,共21分)

44.设关系模式R(车间编号,零件编号,数量,仓库编号,仓库地址)。

如果规定:每个车间每需要一种零件只有一个数量;

每种零件只存放在一个仓库里;

每个仓库只有一个地址。

(1)试根据上述规定,写出模式R的基本FD和关键码。

(2)说明R不是2NF的理由,并把R分解成2NF模式集。

(3)再进而分解成3NF模式集,并说明理由。

45.某学员为高校社团信息管理系统设计了数据库的ER图,对学生、社团、社团成员、社团活动、主管老师、对活动和成员的评价等信息进行了管理,其ER图如下所示。

该ER图有9个实体类型,其结构如下:

学生(学号,姓名,性别,出生年月,政治面貌)

社团(社团编号,类别,名称,成员数,组织描述,活动概览)

社团成员(成员编号,在社职务,证件编号,发放日期)

主管老师(教师工号,姓名,性别,政治面貌,职称,电话)

社团活动(社团活动编号,活动日期,主题,参加成员数,活动级别,活动内容)活动评价(社团活动编号,评价日期,评分,说明)

奖励信息(奖励序号,奖励日期,奖项,奖励描述)

能力状况(序号,日期,健康状况,体育特长,文学特长,艺术特长)

评语(序号,日期,等级,描述,评语教师)

该ER图有10个联系类型,其中1个是1:1联系,7个是1:N联系,2个是M:N联系。其联系的属性如下:

参加(参加情况评级)

开展(开展日期)

试将上述ER图转换成关系模型:

③写出关系模式集,并用下划线和波浪线标识出每个模式的主键和外键。

④在上述数据库中,写出主键和外键的总数这两个数字。

46.试证明“关系模式中存在局部依赖,则必存在传递依赖”这个结论。

《数据库系统教程》试卷(B卷,2005.1)

参考答案

一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题,共25分。

每小题错选、多选或未选,均扣2分,扣满25分为止)

1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A5.C 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A

二、填空题(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)

16.块 OS的文件系统 17.数据字典实用程序 18. 3GL 4GL

19.状态行为 20.查询语言 21.对查询结果执行聚合操作22..Y?X+23.B→C 24. 2NF 25.逻辑设计 26.调度并发调度的可串行化27.活锁饿死死锁

28.开放的数据库互连 29.类型表 30.实体集

三、简答题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分)

31.答:设备独立性;逻辑独立性,物理独立性;分布透明性。

32

.解:

33.答:在分解具有无损分解时,系统具有下列特点:

对关系模式R中满足FD的每一个泛关系r,都有r=π

R1(r)?π

R2

(r)?…?π

Rk

(r),

即r=m

ρ(r)。

34.答:我们把数据库应用系统从开始规划、设计、实现、维护到最后被新的系统取而停止使用的整个期间,称为数据库系统生存期。这个生存期一般可划分成下面七个阶段:规划、需求分析、概念设计、逻辑设计、物理设计、实现、运行维护。

35.答:COMMIT语句表示事务执行成功地结束(提交),此时告诉系统,数据库要进入一个新的正确状态,该事务对数据库的所有更新都已交付实施(写入磁盘)。

ROLLBACK语句表示事务执行不成功地结束(应该“回退”),此时告诉系统,已发

生错误,数据库可能处在不正确的状态,该事务对数据库的所有更新必须被撤销,数据库应恢复该事务到初始状态。

36.答:如果采用封锁机制,事务并发操作时有可能产生死锁。为了解除死锁状态,就要抽取某个事务作牺牲品,把它撤消掉,做回退操作,这就属于DB的恢复范畴。

37.答:在DDBS中,希望通过冗余数据提高系统的可靠性、可用性和改善系统性能。当某一场地出现故障时,系统可以对另一场地上相同的副本进行操作,不会因一个场地上的故障而造成整个系统的瘫痪。另外,系统可以选择用户最近的数据副本进行操作,以减少通信代价,改善整个系统的性能。

38.答:嵌套的数据结构是指关系中属性的数据类型可以是关系类型或元组类型。递归的数据结构是指数据类型之间可以递归定义。递归的数据结构用引用类型来实现。

四、设计题(本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分)

39.解:π

SNO,SNAME (σ

SEX='M'

(S))-π

SNO,SNAME

(σ

CNO='C6'

(S?SC))

40.解: SELECT SNO,SNAME

FROM S

WHERE SEX='M'

AND SNO NOT IN

(SELECT S.SNO

FROM S,SC

WHERE S.SNO=SC.SNO AND CN0='C6');

41.解:DELETE FROM SC

WHERE GRADE < (SELECT AVG(GRADE)FROM SC);

42.解:UPDATE SC

SET GRADE=GRADE*1.04

WHERE SNO IN (SELECT SNO FROM S WHERE SEX='F')

AND CNO IN (SELECT CNO FROM C WHERE TEACHER='Wu');

43.解:CREATE ASSERTION ASSE8 CHECK

(6 >= ALL(SELECT COUNT(CNO)

FROM S, SC

WHERE S.SNO=SC.SNO AND SEX='M'

GROUP BY S.SNO));

五、综合题(本大题共3小题,每小题7分,共21分)

44.解:①基本的FD有3个:

(车间编号,零件编号)→数量

零件编号→仓库编号

仓库编号→仓库地址

R的关键码为(车间编号,零件编号)。

② R中有两个这样的FD:

(车间编号,零件编号)→(仓库编号,仓库地址)

零件编号→仓库编号,仓库地址)可见前一个FD是局部依赖,所以R不是2NF模式。

R应分解成R1(零件编号,仓库编号,仓库地址)

R2(车间编号,零件编号,数量)

此处,R1和R2都是2NF模式。

③ R2已是3NF模式。

在R1中,存在两个FD:零件编号→仓库编号

仓库编号→仓库地址

因此,“零件编号→仓库地址”是一个传递依赖,R1不是3NF模式。

R1应分解成R11(零件编号,仓库编号)

R12(仓库编号,仓库地址)

这样,ρ= { R11,R12,R2 }是一个3NF模式集。

45.解:① 根据ER图和转换规则,9个实体类型转换成9个关系模式,2个M:N联系转换成2个关系模式。因此,该ER图可转换成11个关系模式,如下:

学生(学号,姓名,性别,出生年月,政治面貌)

社团(社团编号,类别,名称,成员数,组织描述,活动概览,主管教师工号)

社团成员(成员编号,学号,在社职务,证件编号,发放日期,社团编号)

主管老师(教师工号,姓名,性别,政治面貌,职称,电话)

社团活动(社团活动编号,活动日期,主题,参加成员数,活动级别,活动内容)活动评价(社团活动编号,评价日期,评分,说明,主管教师工号)

奖励信息(奖励序号,成员编号,奖励日期,奖项,奖励描述)

能力状况(序号,成员编号,日期,健康状况,体育特长,文学特长,艺术特长)评语(序号,成员编号,日期,等级,描述,评语教师)

参加(社团活动编号,成员编号,参加情况评级)

开展(社团编号,社团活动编号,开展日期)

② 在上述数据库中,主键的总数为11个,外键的总数为12个。

46.证明:

设A是R的一个非主属性,K是R的一个候选键,且K→A是一个局部依赖。那么R 中必存在某个K’?K,有K’→A成立。由于A是非主属性,因此A∩KK’=φ。从K’?K,可知 K’→K,但K→K’成立.。因而从K→K’ 和K’→A可知K→A是一个传递依赖。

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