雅思阅读技巧

在阅读过程中，考生应该使用大量不同的技巧来回答问题。例如：

一、浏览全文

无论你的阅读目的是什么，你都应该开始对全文有一个全面的了解。浏览的目的是在看到“树”之前先看到“森林”。

如何浏览

·看文章的标题及副标题，了解文章是关于哪方面的内容。

·看看图、表、插图等的标题。．

·这个步骤中千万不要逐字逐句阅读，不要用手指或笔尖点着来阅读。

·别担心你不懂的单词。

无论你是浏览一本书，或是一篇文章，或是IELTS考试中两页的文章，你都不要超过两分钟。

浏览完之后，你要知道主题：文章是关于什么内容的?你也要知道作者的意图，例如：作者是在描写一个过程，还是在进行比较?或是在提供建议?

举例：以下你要读的文章题目是“癌症病人的希望”，你认为文章的内容是哪方面的?

只从文章题目，就便可以预测文章可能：

·描述一项新的发现(一种药物，一种医学技术)?

·描述这项发现的时间、方式、地点、发现者等。

·讨论对癌症病人的影响：这个发现有利／危险。

例如：Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully, and then answer the question.

Passage 1

A comet seems to be composed of gas, dust and ice. There is a good deal of solid, frozen material. As the mass approaches the Sun, the outer frozen parts begin to melt, and more gases form. The pressure of the Sun’s radi ation drives the dust and gases outwards in a long, streaming “tail”, perhaps several tails. For this reason the tail always points away from the Sun. And as the comet moves farther from the radiation, the tail gets smaller and at last disappears.(85 words)

What is the passage mainly about?

A) Comet and the Sun.

B) Comet and its tails.

C) The movement of comets.

D) The radiation of the Sun.

Passage 2

Matter is frequently classified according to its electrical conductivity as a conductor, insulator, or semiconductor. Conductors have many electrons that are free to move and are useful in carrying, electric current. All metals, particularly silver and copper are good conductors. Substances with few free electrons are called insulators, because they do not carry electric charge and can be used to prevent electricity from flowing. Air, wood and plastic are insulators. A few substances, like carbon, silicon, do not fall into either of these categories. They are classed as semiconductors and are used in such electronic devices as transistor radios.(99 words)

Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

A) Structure of Matter

B) Electrical Conductivity

C) The Functions of Insulators

D) The Functions of Conductors

二、了解主要内容

一篇文章的每一段，都有概括这段中心意思的句子。其他的句子都是围绕着这个中心进一步的扩展、阐述或说明。中心句子通常，但不是一直，在该段的第一句。如果主题没有直接表达，那么在篇章的任何地方都可能找到暗示。有时，主题藏匿于“字里行间”。然而，主题常常通过题目或主题句直接表示出来。如果你阅读的目的只是了解中心意思，你应该找出每一段的中心句子。一旦理解了主题，你就掌握了篇章的核心。

例如：Directions:Please underline the summary sentence in each paragraph.

1. It is difficult to make a distinction between food additives and food Ingredients.

Sugar, which is a natural product is generally considered to be an ingredients whereas saccharin, an artificial sweetener is usually termed an additive．One method of distinguishing between additives and ingredients is to classify them according to function．Additives are used in food production to enhance flavour and colour, to prolong shelf lire and to preserve or enhance nutritional value．These functions are non-essential and hence it is possible to classify the substances which perform them as additives rather than ingredients.

2. Improved sanitation is not the only factor which accounted for the decline in

morbidity and mortality rates. In the period following the Second World War the use of the pesticide DDT had profound effect on public health．DDT was used to control the pests which spread diseases such as sleeping sickness，malaria and typhus．Used throughout the developing world，over one billion people were liberated from the threat of these diseases．Following the wide—scale employment of DDT in Sri Lanka in 1 947，the number of deaths resulting from the disease fell from over l 0，000 a year to zero in the early ’60s．Ten years 1ater，as a result of a reduction in the DDT spraying campaign，over two million people were infected with malaria．

3. It is probable that the characteristics of the annual growth layers or rings formed by

trees reflect the physical conditions which existed at the time of their formation．As similar variations are found to occur in the annual growth 1ayers of numerous trees in a given location it can be assumed that the common external factors which have caused these variations are related to climate. As a result, the analysis of annual growth layers, a science known as dendro-climatology树木气候学,年轮气候学, provides a historical record of the climate.

三、了解文章内的相互关系

找到段落的中心句会提高你的阅读效率。段落中常见的联系中心意思的关系类型有：

a) 补充：补充新的内容。

b) 因果关系。

c) 时间关系。

d) 一般与具体关系。

e) 对照／对比关系。

例如：1.Study the following passages(A—H)．What is the relationship between the sentences in each passage? Which words(if any)indicate the relationship?

A．Coal is transported from the mine to the power station by rail．After arrival it is stored in bunkers and then，when required，fed into large furnaces where it is burnt．

B．During the 1950s the expanding industries of the north required large numbers of unskilled workers．As a result，many migrant workers arrived from the economically depressed southern provinces in search o f work and improved living standards．

C．Draining of swamp land is an important factor in the fight against malaria．The draining of the Pontine marshes in the 1930s virtually eliminated the incidence of the disease．

D．Coal—fired power stations are relatively safe but emit large amounts of carbon dioxide and other polluting agents into the atmosphere．Nuclear-generated power，on the other hand，is clean but can，if things go wrong，lead to disastrous consequences．

E．The government's decision to close the unprofitable Liverpool car plant had two effects on the economy of the city．Firstly,3000 people were made redundant，creating personal hardship and a severe strain on the social services．Secondly, many of the skilled workers left the area in search of work elsewhere，creating a serious shortage of ski1led manpower．

F．In the 1 940s farmers were encouraged to use DDT and artificial fertilisers to eliminate pests，enhance soil fertility and hence increase crop yields．In the 1960s it became apparent that the use o f chemicals in agriculture was causing serious damage to soils，plant and human life and this led to the banning of DDT in many countries and the search for more environmentally friendly fertilisers．

G．One of the most serious side．effects of the introduction of irrigation to formerly arid areas is the spread of disease．Schistosomiasis，an emphysema—like disease carried by parasitic larvae in aquatic snails，is now common in newly irrigated

areas through out the developing world and is believed to affect more than 200 million people．

H．The majority of landslides in the coastal areas of California are attributed to the instability of the Tertian and Mesozoic rocks which predominate in this area．In inland desert regions，on the other hand，the major cause of slides is the extreme diurnal temperature range which results in cracking and the formation of talus at the base of rock faces．

Keys: A.Time-(after) B. Cause and effect-(As a result) C. General and particular

D. Contrast/comparison-(on the other hand)

E. Addition-（Firstly; Secondly）

F. Time-(In the 1940s; In the 1960s; Cause and effect-(Hence; Led to)

G. General and particular H. Contrast/comparison-(on the other hand)

了解句与句之间，段与段之间的关系更能提高阅读效率，更便利你作笔记。你会发现作边码笔记时尤其有帮助。

四、.略读（Skimming ）

略读是一种快速阅读技能，是做题技巧的核心。略读不需要逐词逐字地读完整篇材料，但需要精力的高度集中。

略读的第一步应该是弄清查找的对象（特殊印刷体、考点词、定位词等）。第二步是对查找对象进行结构定位（预判对象所在的段落），第三步，确定最终原文目标信息，定位词在这个阶段最有利用价值。

练习I：Directions:Read the following paragraph carefully, and then answer the questions.

Passage 1

Today airlines fly the Atlantic in a few hours. Planes are fast, safe and comfortable. The terrible storms, sudden fogs and cold of the ocean are no problem. Things were different in 1919. Planes were slow and not designed for such distances. The pilot sat with his head in the open. There were very few instruments to help him navigate. It was dangerous to fly in rain or darkness. Fog was the worst enemy of all. It seemed that those dangers were too great. In 1919 nobody had even tried to fly across the Atlantic non-stop.(96 words)

What is the passage mainly about?

A) Dangerous flying in 1919.

B) Today’s safe airlines.

C) Comparison between flying in 1919 and today.

D) Impossibility of non-stop flying across the Atlantic in 1919.

Passage 2

Mankind’s fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself. Not only is gold beautiful, but it is indestructible. It will not rust. Gold coins and products have survived undamaged for centuries. Gold is extremely easy to work with; one ounce, which is about the size of a cube of sugar, can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size, and becomes so thin that light passes through it. Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver, and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.(94 words)

Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

A) Fascination with Gold

B) The Most Beautiful Thing — Gold

C) The Role of Gold in modern Industries

D) The Properties of Gold

Passage 3

Radar is very important in aviation today. It was first introduced in the Second World War. The British used it in the great air battles over England in 1940. The British fighter planes had to be in exactly the right place at exactly the right time to meet the enemy bombers. In order to get there, the fighter stations had to be warned long before the bombers actually appeared. They also had to know the course the bombers were following. This would have been impossible without radar.(87 words)

What is the passage mainly about?

A) The invention of radar.

B) The importance of radar in war.

C) The first radar used in war.

D) The importance of radar in aviation today.

Passage 4

Temperature affects matter in many ways. Temperature alters the color of matter. Iron, for example, turns red, then orange, and then white at increasingly high temperatures. The size of an object is affected by temperature. Most materials expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. Temperature also affects the pressure of a gas. If a closed glass tube is heated, the increased pressure inside will cause it to break.

The ability of a metal to resist electricity varies with its temperature. The increased movement of its molecules makes the molecules less resistant to electrical charge.(98 words)

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A) The Effects of Temperature on Matter

B) The Importance of Temperature

C) Temperature And Matter

D) The Changers of Materials

Passage 5

If you have been involved in an accident and have stopped, you must give your name and address to anyone who has a good reason for requesting it. If somebody is injured, the driver must produce his insurance certificate on request. If these data are collected, it is necessary to wait for the arrival of the police. It is, however, often wise to do so. In your absence the police could be given a biased story against you; and you yourself might want to point out certain features of the accident to the police.(94 words)

What is the passage mainly about?

A) What disasters you may face in an accident.

B) What you should do when you have an accident.

C) Why you should wait for the police when you have an accident.

D) What help you can get from the police if you have an accident.

Passage 6

What do we mean by the economy of a country? In assessing a country’s standard of living or comparing the standards of living of different countries it is common practice to use statistics of the Gross Net Product (GNP). The GNP measures incomes earn ed, and the goods and services produced, in the official “formal” economy. But this tends not to account for the mass of productive activity outside the formal economy, such as voluntary work. Since the balance between the shadow and formal economy varies from country to country, comparisons on the basis of GNP may be quite misleading.(99 words)

What is the passage mainly about?

A) The importance of the Gross Net Product.

B) The basic idea of the Gross Net Product.

C) The combination of the economy in a country.

D) The standard of living in different countries.

Passage 7

The gas we are most familiar with is air. Since gases expand to fill any container, you might wonder why our air does not escape into outer space. The answer is simply that gravity holds the atmosphere close to the earth. In fact, due to the gravitational pull, the gases of our atmosphere accumulate near the surface of the earth. Air gets progressively thinner the higher you go, until it gradually disappears into space. Because the air is so thin at very high place, such as the Himalayas Mountain, climbers take oxygen to help them breathe.(96 words)

What is the passage mainly about?

A) The gravity of the earth.

B) The gas around the earth — air.

C) The surface of the earth.

D) The air on the high place.

Passage 8

It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, or paper. The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put out by the average London household each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply for competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing the environment.(91 words)

What is the passage mainly about?

A) The packaging industry.

B) The interest of people.

C) The disadvantages of packaging.

D) The advantages of packaging.

练习II. In each paragraph, underline the sentence which gives the main idea.

1.Oceanographic surveys indicate that manganese nodules are present in large quantities on the seabeds of every ocean．Particles of manganese precipitate from sea water and adhere to sand or rock fragments，growing around the nucleus to form onion—shaped structures up to 10 centimetres in length. In shallow waters, nodules may grow up to one millimetre per year whereas in deeper waters the same growth may take a thousand years．The most conservative estimates suggest that half a million tons of manganese is located in nodule form on the floor of the Pacific Ocean．

2．The report reviewed three studies on the economic impact Of immigration．It found that immigration generally provides some economic benefits to the nation in the form of an increased labour pool and consumer market．In conclusion，the report argued that，although the positive economic effects may not be significant，immigration did not have a detrimental effect on the economy．

3．Endemic goitre 甲状腺肿is commonly caused by an iodine-deficient diet. As a result of iodine-deficiency, the functioning of the thyroid gland is impaired. The gland may then become enlarged and produce a swelling in the neck. A severely inhibited thyroid function may lead to a lower metabolic rate, stunted growth and the possible impairment of mental faculties．The disease is particularly common in mountainous regions of western China and northern India where the local soil and water are low in iodine．

4. When the study populations were classified according to World Health Organisation criteria for hypertension，a similar pattern to that described above emerged. Definite hypertension was more prevalent among urban populations for both ethnic groups and sexes than rural populations. Polynesian玻利尼西亚人females had higher prevalence of definite and borderline hypertension than Caucasian高加索人females in the rural areas．Among urban males，hypertension prevalence was very similar for both ethnic groups，whereas among rural males prevalence of definite hypertension in Polynesians was only about half that in Caucasians．

2、寻读（scanning）

1)scanning 和skimming的区别

skimming（略读）是一个只见森林不见树木的过程，这个过程是要识别句子中的main points ，段落中的important sentences，以及organization of the paragraph。scanning（寻读）是一个只见树木不见森林的过程，这个过程只需要查找定位词在原文中的位置，以便确定原文中考点信息的位置。

2)关于定位词

a.正确理解“定位词”这个概念。当你在火车站接一个陌生人，他可能会告诉你他手里有一束鲜花，那么定位词就是那束鲜花。That is to say, you will meet a strange person with a bunch of flower in his hands。火车站到处是陌生人，所以a strange person不是定位词，而修饰限定这个人的a bunch of flower 是定位词。定位词是一个location mark，它帮助你找到题目在原文所对应的信息。

b.定位词的本质：特殊性和细节性。文章中多次出现的语汇不是定位词。越细节越特殊的词，在文章中出现的频率越低，一旦找到，它旁边的信息应该就是考点了。

c.注意题干中的定语和状语。定语可以使一个概括性的概念更加细节化，状语可以使一个一般性的动作更加特殊化。所以，当题干较长，又没有特殊印刷体文字的情况下，选取定语和状语中有代表性的词作为定位词，比较可靠。当然不排除主语和谓语本身就很特殊，或者考点词本身就是定位词的情况。

d.句子中比较生僻的词，往往会帮助你定位原文信息。因为生僻的词往往缺少同义词或反义词，一般在原文中不会出现Paraphrase的情况。

3)核准语言重现

为了更准确的找到答案，一定要核准语言重现，定位词在原文中重现的形式有3种，同词重现、同义重现和关系重现。同词重现在试题中占的比例最大，也是最简单的一类考法。例如：

原文：At precisely 4：20 am on Friday the 24th of September 1993，it was announced that Sydney had beaten five other competing cities around the world，and Australians everywhere，not only Sydney-siders., were justifiably proud of the result．But，if Sydney had lost the bid，would the taxpayers of NSW and of Australia have approved of government’s spending millions of dollars in a failed and costly exercise?

题目How many cities were competing in 1993 for the right to hold the 2000 Games? (简答题)

分析：题目中的时间“1993”是特殊关键词，答案很明显，原文中原封不动地出现同义重现题往往是考查考生的词汇量，主要凭理解力定位。例如：

原文：Sea fishing grew rapidly in the decades after the Second World War．Mechanisation increased the fishermen’s catch in traditional grounds and then carried them to distant waters for more．

题目Technological developments contributed to the higher fish catches after the Second World War．(判断题)

分析：题目中Technological developments 在原文没有原形重现，但它所指的内容即为mechanisation, 表达相同含义，所以答案为true.

关系重现是把定位对象从“词”上升到“句子结构”，这是最关键的一类语言重现，是阅读技巧的完美体现。例如：

原文：Paper is also biodegradable，so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded．

题目Paper is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is .(填空题)

题干里的连词because体现出一种因果关系，即前果后因，这样的关系往往会重现在文章里。把握住这个关系，就可以回避某些细节对阅读的干扰(如生词biodegradable可能造成阅读障碍)。不难发现，阅读原文里也有一个体现前因后果关系的连词so，而且because前面的结果和so后面的结果是相同的。那么根据雅思阅读中“结果相同，原因必相同”的原则(注意：本原则仅适用于雅思词读题)，可知because后面的原因一定是biodegradable，这个阅读障碍其实就是答案。

原文：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle，without adequate supplies of food，Lampe says，chaos could easily result in many countries．And the imp act w…be felt widely throughout the region．In the 1 990s alone，he says，the cities of Asia we’ll be swollen by a further 500 million people—nearly equal to the population of the United States and European Community combined.”The only growing population in A sia is that of the poor．Prime productive land is being used for city expansion and building roads，while thousands of hectares are being taken out of production each year because of salinity and alkalinity．

题目Name TWO reasons for loss of farmland．Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS in both of your answers（简答题）

分析：本题可以通过理解含义得出答案：city expansion和building roads。但利用关系重现会更加简单。题目要求找出农用土地丢失的两个原因，因而是考查对因果关系的理解。文章最后一句说thousands of hectares are being taken out of production each year是土地丢失的结果，后面的because of直接给出了原因，因此答案为salinity和alkalinity。由此例可见，关系重现是从大局着手，利用句子结构的相似性找到答案。

练习：Directions: Read the three questions. Then read the passage as quickly as possible to find the answers to the three questions.(scanning)

Passage1

Today people often purchase traveler’s checks. When they must go from one city or country to another, they prefer traveler’s checks to cash because the checks can be replaced if they are lost or stolen. In fact, traveler’s checks were invented only about one hundred years ago. Before that time, even famous people were not able to cash a

personal check if they were in a foreign country. An employee of the American Express Company, Marcellus Berry, came up with our current system of traveler’s checks, which requires the person to sign the checks twice—once when they are purchased and again when they are cashed. (106 words)

1. Who invented traveler’s checks?

2. What is the advantage of traveler’s checks?

3. What does one need to do before he cashes a traveler’s check?

Passage2

Many English words come from Latin, the old language of Rome, and also from old Greek. From Latin we get words like “wine”, “use” and “day”. From Greek we have words such as “photograph”, “bible”and “ink”. Because these two languages are dead the words have most often come through other languages such as French, or the old German languages. There are also many words from both Greek and Latin together—“television”, for example. Here “tele” is Greek for “far” and “vision” comes from Latin and means “seeing”. (89 words)

1. Where does the word “ink” come from?

2. Some languages are not spoken any more. What do we call them?

3. In Latin, what does “vision” mean?

Passage3

Families are an important part of every country and culture. Because people today face many changes, families are also changing. Some people say that families are in danger. But even though they change, families are very strong.

Even in “traditional” families with father, mother, and children, many mothers now work outside the home during the day. In these families, everyone must help around the house, and the members of the families make time to be together. Many families have only one parent. These families face many problems. (87 words)

1. Why do some people say that families are in danger?

2. What is the change in “traditional” families?

3. What kind of families face many problems?

Passage4

Dolphins are not fish, but warm blooded mammals. They live in groups, and speak to each other in their own language. In this they are like other animals, such as bees and birds. But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals. Their brain is nearly the same size as our own, and they live a long time—at least twenty or thirty years.

Strangely, dolphins seem to like man, and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphins and its friendship with people. (88 words)

1.In what way are dolphins like other animals?

2. How long can dolphins live?

3. Why are dolphins very different from almost all land animals?

Passage5

Japan is a country of islands in Eastern Asia. People call it “the Land of the Rising Sun”. It is a country with beautiful mountains, small farms, factories and coal mines. The great, modern cities of Tokyo, Yokohama and Osaka are on the coast. Millions of people live and work in these cities. They go to work in trains and on buses. They make good-quality cameras, radios, cars and motor cycles in their factories. Their businessmen sell these goods to foreign countries. (82 words)

1.What do people call Japan?

2. Where is Tokyo located?

3. What do Japanese make in their factories?

Passage 6

The oceans and the rivers of the world contain most of the water. The five oceans and the many seas together have 97.2 percent. The Pacific Ocean alone is larger than all the land in the world. And on the land there are lakes. Many of them are larger than countries the size of Belgium. There are also huge rivers, thirty of them more than two thousand kilometers long.The great areas of ice in the world contain another 2.15 percent of the world’s water; the rest is in rocks and underground. (92 words) 1. Where is the most of the water in the world?

2. How many rivers are more than 2 thousand kilometers long?

3. How much water is contained in ice in the world?

Passage 7

Venice is the “Queen” of the Adriatic Sea. Ev ery year thousands of people visit Venice because it is a beautiful city. There aren’t any roads in this city so there aren’t any cars and buses. There are canals. People move up and down the canals in boats.

But Venice is sinking. In 2040 Venice will be under water. The people of Venice want to save the city from the sea. They can put some gates in the sea. The gates will

close so Venice will not sink. (86 words)

1. How do people move around the city?

2. What will happen to Venice in 2040?

3. How do people prevent Venice from sinking?

Passage 8

Holland is a flat country in Northern Europe. It is a land of green fields, rivers and canals. It is a land of towns and factories, too. In the winter, the rivers flood and fill the fields with water. Men keep out the sea water with big walls. They call these walls dykes. The people of Holland grow rich grass in their fields. They keep beautiful cattle and make fine butter and cheese. In the spring, you can see many kilometers of flowers. (83 words)

1. What do the farmers of Holland grow in their fields?

2. What happens in winter?

3. What is special in the spring of Holland?

Passage 9

Men do not cross the Arctic Ocean very often. It is dangerous. It is dark in winter and very cold. The ice is dangerous, too. In summer the ice melts and moves quickly. In February 1968 Wally Herbert started his journey across the Arctic. He went with three men and some dogs. The men traveled slowly for five months. In the summer the ice melted so they stopped their journey. They stayed on pieces of ice. The ice floated in the water and took them to the North. On April 6th 1969 they reached the North Pole.

(97 words)

1. Who traveled across the Arctic?

2. Where did they stay in the summer?

3. When did they reach the North Pole?

Passage10

Men are the cleverest and most dangerous animals on earth. Rats come second. Men kill their enemies, but rats have killed hundreds of millions of men. Rats carry diseases. They not only carry diseases into men’s homes, they also take men’s food. They eat 33 million tons of grain every year. That is enough grain to feed 200 million people. Rats are clever, too. They have leaders. Men try to poison them, but if their leaders tell them that food is dangerous they do not eat it. So our cities and villages are full of rats. (96 words)

1. Who are the cleverest animals on earth?

2. How many people can be fed by the grain that rats eat every year?

3. How do rats know the food is poisoned?

P1 1.Key: Marcellus Berry 2. Key: Traveler’s checks can be replaced if they are lost or stolen.3.Key: He needs to sign it. or He needs to sign the check. Or He needs to sign the check again. or He needs to resign the check.

P2 1. Key: The word ink comes from Greek.2.Key: We call them “dead languages”3.Key: It means “seeing”.

P3 1.Key: Because families are changing2..Key: Mothers go out to work.3.Key: One parent families.

P4. 1.Key: Dolphins live in groups and speak to each other in their own language.

2.Key: They can live at least twenty or thirty years.

3. Key: Because dolphins' brain is nearly the same size as our own.

Key: Because dolphins' brain is nearly the same size as that of humans.

P51.Key: People call it “the Land of the Rising Sun”.2.Key: Tokyo is located on the coast.3.Key: Cameras, radios, cars and motor cycles.

P6. 1.Key: In the oceans and the rivers.2. Key: Thirty of the rivers.

Key: Thirty rivers.3.Key: 2.15 percent of the world’s water.

P7. 1.Key: In boats.2.Key: It will be under water.

3.Key: By putting some gates in the sea.

P8. 1.Key: They grow rich, green grass. Key: They grow grass.2.Key: The rivers flood and fill the fields with water.3.Key: We can see many kilometers of flowers. Key: We can see many flowers.

P9 1.Key: Wally Herbert and three other men2..Key: On pieces of ice.

Key: On ice.3.Key: April 6th 1969.

P10. 1.Key: Men.2.Key: 200 million people.3.Key: The leaders tell them.

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Table Picture 7、完成句子 Sentence Completion 8、简答题 Short Answer Questions 一、Matching ①、专有名词类（大写类） ②、图形类 ③、小写类 ④、段落信息匹配类 ⑤、分类类

（一）、专有名词类（大写类） 1、题型识别： 总有一组含有人名/地名/机构名 2、解题方法 ①、返回原文，圈出大写，阅而不读 ②、阅读另一选项组 较短：具有定位功能 较长：划出定位词 ③、利用复现原则解题 原词复现 同义复现（同义替换） 语义复现 ④、阅读圈出大写前后内容（向上，向下均不超过两 句话）与另一选项组匹配得出答案 3、注意 ①、若题干中出现N.B.则必然会有选项被重复使用 若题干中没有N.B.则必然没有选项被重复使用 ②、若选项中有all of the above; none of the above; both *** and *** 则该选项必然会用到当且仅当 一次

（二）、图形类 1、题型识别 一组图形，一组描述 2、解题方法 与大写类相似，但是重点考察文字与图形、数字之 间的关系 3、补充：表形状的词汇 triangle 三角形triangular 三角形的 rectangle 矩形rectangular 矩形的 polygon 多角形polygonal 多角形的 pentagon 五角形pentagonal 五角形的 hexagon 六角形hexagonal 六角形的 octagon 八边形octagonal 八边形的 Square 正方形arc 弧，弓形，拱 Diamond 菱形cross 十字形 Sphere 球体spiral 螺旋形的 Cylinder 圆柱体cone 锥形体 Pyramid 棱锥cube 立方体 Crescent 月牙形oval 椭圆的 Heart 心形curve 曲线 wavy 波状的dash 虚线

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雅思阅读十四种考题形式解题技巧 第一类：Matching（从属关系搭配题） 1．题型要求 Matching（搭配题）是IELTS 最常考的题型之一，每次考试至少有一组，很多时候达到两组甚至更多，应该引起同学们的重视。 搭配题通常有三部分组成：题目要求、选相的集合、题目的集合。要求你根据某种关系将题目与选项配对。这种关系在题目要求中说明。 搭配题通常不具有顺序性，也就是说，题目的顺序和原文的顺序是不一致的。所以做搭配题，通读一遍原文一般是不可避免的。大多数同学会感觉这种题型不太难，但比较烦。如果有足够的时间，肯定都能做出来。 这种题型就是考大家的快速阅读能力，即很快从文章中找到所需信息的能力。大家在做搭配题的练习时，不仅要保证准确率，还要注意时间。一般每个题目1-2分钟。例如一组6个题目的搭配题，应在8-10分钟做完。 搭配题本身有分为三种类型：从属关系搭配题、因果关系搭配题、作者及其观点搭配题。不同类型的搭配题有不同的解题方法，所以我分为三种题型分别介绍，希望这样会更清楚。本节主要介绍从属关系搭配题。从属关系搭配题是搭配题中最常靠的类型。选项中的元素和题目中的元素是从属的关系，要求根据原文，将每个题目与相应的选项搭配。请看下面中文阅读例子： 原文：介绍中国四个直辖市的情况。（略） 题目要求：将直辖市的特征与相应的城市搭配。 选项：A 北京市 B 上海市 C 天津市 D 重庆市 题目：1 狗不里包子 2 黄浦大桥 3 天安门 4 十八街麻花 答案：1 C 2 B 3 A 4 C 考试中，A类和G类一般都是每次必考，考两组，共十题左右。有时也考一或三组。 2.解题步骤 （1)仔细阅读题目要求，搞清选项和题目之间的关系。 虽然都是从属关系，但也有很大的不同。有的是汽车制造公司和它们的设计特点，有的是俱乐部和它们举办的活动等等。所以在做题前一定要仔细阅读题目要求，搞清选项和题目之间的关系。 （2)先把题目从头到尾看一遍，尽可能多记些关键词。 做这种题，通读一遍原文一般是不可避免的，但最好只读一遍原文。能做到这点的前提是：在读原文之前，先把题目从头到尾看一遍，记住尽可能多的题目中关键词。这样，在读文章时，就知道要找什么东东。例如，前面介绍的中文阅读文章，在做题前应看以下1-4题，知道要找：狗不里包子、黄浦大桥、天安门、十八街麻花。在读文章是，就特别注意这些词。这么做的主要原因是因为这种题型没有顺序性，如果只看第1题：狗不理包子，就阅读原文。狗不理包子的描述在原文任何位置都有可能，很有可能就在文章的结尾处。这样，你读完一遍文章，只做了一个第1题，做第2题时，你还需要从头再阅读原文，这样很浪费时间。 这一步是做这种题型的关键，否则，就会造成反复地读原文，浪费时间。 3．从头到尾快速阅读原文，遇到所记住的关键词或其对应词，当即解答该题。 从头到尾依顺序快速阅读原文，在阅读原文时，注意寻找所记住的题目中的关键词，如果关键词是专用名词或很生僻的词，一般在原文中出现的就是该词本身，否则会有同义词或同义表述的对应。

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雅思阅读做题技巧的基本规律解读 雅思阅读做题技巧的基本规律解读, 为你拨开迷雾让你醍醐灌顶。今天给大家带来了雅思阅读做题技巧的基本规律解读,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 雅思阅读做题技巧的基本规律解读为你拨开迷雾让你醍醐灌顶 一.文章的选择 首先，我们要简单探讨一下雅思考试中所用文章的范畴。雅思文章的总是集中在商业、社会科学和基础科学领域。出题者总是喜欢选择非常具体的题目。可能考生对这些题目的背景知之甚少。但稍后你会发现，你并不需要这样的知识。事实上，如果你试图依靠背景知识答题才会有麻烦。如果你对此题目知之甚少，不必担心。你很快就会知道如何应对并得出正确答案。 对于这些文章的更具体的来源呢，细心的同学已经发现从剑四开始每本书的后面都多了一个acknowledgements。其实在acknowledgements里面已经给出了剑桥这几本材料里面阅读文章的来源。经过总结归纳不难发现,雅思A类文章主要来自于学术出版物,而非一般娱乐性出版物。其中主要用到的学术杂志如下: 1.New Scientist这本杂志被用到的频率最高,如剑四中的Lost for Words,Play is a Serious Business,剑五中的What’s So Funny?, Flawed Beauty: the Problem with Toughened Glass,和剑六中的多篇文章Australia’s Sporting Success,Climate Change and the Inuit,Graying Population Stays in the Pink,Do Literate Women Make Better Mothers? 2.The Economist

雅思阅读各种题型答题技巧大全(一)

雅思阅读各种题型答题技巧大全（一） 十四种题型做题技巧----MATCHING（作者及其观点搭配题） MATCHING（作者及其观点搭配题） 1．题型要求 在原文中，就一个主题，若干人或组织提出了若干个观点，题目要求将观点与其提出者（作者）搭配。这种搭配题也有一个选项的集合和一个题目的集合。题目是观点，选项是作者。 这种题型一般比较难，主要表示现在： ·没有顺序性，即题目的顺序与原文的顺序是不一致的。 ·文章题材多样，有的比较偏。作者提出的观点一般比较抽象，不好理解。 ·文章句式复杂。一般句子都比较长，有很多都是复合句、并列复合句、多重复合句，造成大家理解上的困难。 ·题目中的观点与原文中的对应观点在句子形式上变化较大，造成对应困难。 与从属关系搭配题一样，作者及观点搭配题也没有顺序性。但不能用同样的解题方法。 怎么做从属关系搭配题呢？前面介绍的方法是：在阅读文章前，先将题目从头到尾看一遍，记住尽可能多的关键词。 但不能用这种方法作者及其观点搭配题。主要是因为题目都是一些观点，意思抽象，句式复杂。先将题目从头到尾看一遍，不仅会花很多时间，而且很可能读完题目之后，没有什么印象，也抓不住什么关键词。那么应该怎么做呢？请看下面的解题步骤。

考试中，A类一般考得比较多，考一组，共五题左右。G类一般考得比较少。 2．解题步骤 （1）在原文中将作者及其观点用线划出。 作者都包含大写字母，有的还有年代，表明是什么时候提出来的观点，所以一般都比较好找。他的观点在他的名字之前或者之后。表述观点一般有两种方法： A．观点在作者的名字之前；例如： IN TERMS OF TIME， WOMEN PERFORM APPROXIMATELY 90 PER CENT OF CHILD CARE TASKS AND 70 PER CENT OF ALL FAMILY WORK，AND ONLY 14 PER CENT OF FATHERS ARE HIGHLY PARTICIPANT IN TERMS OF TIME SPENT ON FAMILY WORK（RUSSELL 1983） A．观点在作者的名字之后；例如： DEMO AND ACOCK（1993），IN A RECENT US STUDY， ALSO FOUND THAT WOMEN CONTIMUE TO PERFORM A CONSTANT AND MAJOR PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLD LABOUR（68 PER CENT TO 95 PER CENT）ACROSS ALL FAMILY TYPES（FIRST MARRIAGE，DIVORCED，STEP-FAMILY OR NEVER MARRIED），REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THEY ARE EMPLOYED OR NON-EMPLOYED IN PAID WORK。 （2）看题目的第一个观点，读懂它的意思，或者找出其中几个关键词。 做这种题型，应该一道题一道题的做。先看题目的第一个观点，能读懂它的意思。否则，找出其中的几个关键词。 （3）将此观点与原文划线处一一对应。意思相同的或关键词对应上的即为答案。

雅思阅读解题技巧

雅思阅读解题技巧—判断类题型 判断类题型是雅思的特色题型之一，也是中国考生普遍感到头疼的题型。因为中国考生早已适应了传统判断题“非对即错”的惯性逻辑，而对于NOT GIVEN这类特殊的情况感到茫然。在本文中将通过分析这类题型的出题特点和解题技巧，帮助考生战胜难题。 我们还是先来了解一下判断题的出题特点。 一、两大类型 判断题有两大类题型：一种是TRUE / FALSE/ NOT GIVEN，另一种是YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN。两者的出题方法和指令有所不同。前者的提问方式是Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage X? 而后者的提问方式是Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage X? 虽然一类考查的是考生对于文章信息的理解，一类是考查对作者观点的把握，但是这两种题型从解题方法上来说是几乎完全一致的。除了在答题的时候需要特别注意题型之外，考生在复习备考的时候，基本不用注意这两种题型的差别。 二、顺序原则 从剑桥真题以及考生的实际考试体验，几乎所有的判断题都是严格遵守“顺序原则”的，也就是说题目的顺序与文章的顺序是一致的。 三、只考细节 判断题属于细节题，因此几乎不需要考生对上下文的理解并进行推断，同时朗阁海外考试研究中心也必须提醒考生不能根据自己的背景知识直接判断。简单地说来，考生解题的关键不是对文章大意的把握，而是找到与题目相关的原文，根据原文的信息进行解题。 四、同义转换 和所有的雅思阅读细节题一样，判断题的题目都是基于原文，与原文形成同义转换(paraphrasing)的关系。同义转换包括同义句型转换和同义词转换两种类别。 下面我们一起来看一下判断题的解题步骤和技巧。 一、浏览文章 阅读文章的标题、副标题、小标题、图片，了解文章的大致内容和结构。对于文章主题的把握有助于判断题的解题。 二、阅读题目，划出定位词 前面提到，所有的判断题都是与原文的同义转换。但是有些词是无法被同义转换掉的，我们可以根据这个特点，到原文中把该题所对应的段落找出来。这类词我们称之为“定位词”。 常见的定位词有：专有名词，大写字母缩写，斜体字，带引号的词，相对比较少见的名词。但是有两个例外：一是文章标题中出现的词不能做定位词，二是其它题目中多次出现的词不能做定位词。因为这两种词在原文中多次出现，就失去了定位的价值。 读题的时候要特别注意：不要等把全部题目读完了再开始做题，因为人的记忆有限，