托福阅读文章小结题解题方法

托福阅读文章小结题解题方法

对于托福阅读文章的题目考查来说，一般会有13-15道题目。而每一道题目的题型也各有差异。一般来说，托福阅读包括细节题、排除题、推断题、修辞目的题、词汇题、指代题、句子简化题、插入题、文章小结题、图表题等十大经典题型。其中文章小结题是考查考生对于整篇文章的把控和理解，因此对于考生理解文章整体内容的要求会比较高。因此，本文和大家分享托福阅读文章小结题的解题方法。

既然文章小结题是考查考生对于整篇文章的理解和把握，那么解决这类问题的第一步就是速度列出文章构架，然后能够把握文章每一个段落的大概内容。一般来说，文章小结题会首先给出一个开头句“An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.”，然后考生根据这个开头句的内容，结合文章的框架结构，完成剩余内容的补充“Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.”。选择句子最终的要的衡量标准就是能够概括文章的主旨。

因此，完成文章小结题的重点就在于了解文章每一个段落的主题和主要内容。拿TPO28中第一篇阅读“groundwater”来说，题目内容是：

题干：Most of the world’s potable water is stored as groundwater in the pores and fractures of underground rock,much of it at depths of less than1,000meters.

Answer Choices：

O Sedimentary rock may make poor aquifers because of tightly compacted sediment,which reduces porosity and permeability.

O Porosity is a measure of the empty space within rock while permeability measures the degree to which water can flow freely through rock.

O In arid regions,the water tables remain at a constant level far below the surface, preventing stream-beds from filling up even during wet years.

O Groundwater reservoirs are characterized by the porosity and permeability of the rock in which they lie,and these factors vary according to the type of rock.

O The vadose zone is typically dry because water does not stay in it,but instead percolates down to aquifers below or drains out through springs and streams.

O Although the water table usually follows the contours of the land surface,its level may vary from year to year and may intersect to the surface in places.

解析：首先题干给出“世界大部分可饮用水都储存在地下岩石中的空隙和裂缝中，大部分深度不到1千米“，这句话和原文第一段”Most of the world’s potable water……which is stored in the pores and fractures in rocks.……Nearly50percent of all groundwater is stored in the upper1,000meters of Earth.“这部分内容相匹配。然后根据文章小结题的特点可知，选项中的内容，都是来自于文章不同的段落。

那么选项一：文章第四段中提到“Sedimentary rocks……are also the most common reservoirs for water…….”，可见sedimentary rocks是最常见的蓄水库。所以说选项中它的储水能力很差是错误的。

选项二：主要来自第三段的主要内容，文中提到“Porosity is……for water to flow through rocks,the pore spaces must be connected.……to flow through the interconnected pore

spaces in rocks is termed permeability.”，从这句话可以看出，孔隙度是衡量岩石间缝隙的标准;而渗透度则是衡量水在岩石间流动的衡量标准，所以正确。

选三项：根据文章最后一段最后一句话“In particularly wet years,short stretches of an otherwise dry stream-bed may have flowing water because the water table rises to intersect the land surface.”可以看出和选项三内容匹配，所以正确。

选项四：根据文中倒数第二段“The vadose zone supplies plant roots near the surface with water.”可知，Vadose zone里面不干，有一层水。

选项五：根据文章最后一句话“In particularly wet years……water table rises to intersect the land surface”可知水位在湿润的年份会上升到地表，所以错误。

最后一个选项主要也是来自于最后一部分的内容，正确。

根据以上内容，我们发现，解决文章小结题的主要方法就是了解文章的整体内容，然后根据题干的内容和选项的关键词，回到文章原文找答案。希望考生能够从以上事例中收获一些解题方法。