沪教版牛津英语【初三下册】Unit 1 Great explorations知识讲解

Unit 5 China and the World

精讲精练

词汇精讲

1. introduce

（1）introduce表示“介绍”时,主要用于介绍两个不认识的互相认识，或是向听众或观众宣布并介绍演讲者或广播、节目等的细节。例如：

Allow me to introduce my wife. 让我介绍一下，这是我太太。

It is my pleasure to introduce tonight’s speaker.

我很荣幸来介绍今晚的演讲者。

（2）introduce习惯上不带双宾语，如果要表示把某人介绍给另一人，可用introduce…to…这样的结构。汉语中的“作自我介绍”，英语用introduce oneself。例如：

Let me introduce my friend to you.（正）

Let me introduce you my friend.（误）

让我把我的朋友介绍给你。

Permit me to introduce myself. 请允许我介绍自己。

2. lie in

（1）lie in表示“位于，坐落于……”，后常接大的地点。根据后面地点不同，也可以用lie at…，lie on…。例如：

The city lies in the north of China. 那座城市位于中国的北部。

A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。

(2) lie作动词，还意为“平躺”，lie的现在分词形式是lying，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain。例如：

I found him lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。

【拓展】

（1）lie作动词时，也可意为“撒谎”，过去式和过去分词是规则的，均为lied。lie也可用作名词，意为“谎言”。例如：

Don’t lie to me.不要向我撒谎。

（2）英语中，部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如：

die →dying tie →tying lie →lying

3. remain

（1）remain用作不及物动词,意为“剩下、留下、呆在”,相当于stay。例如:

When the others had gone, Joan remained to clean the room.

别人走了,琼留下来清扫房间。

Only a few leaves remained on the tree. 树上只剩下几片叶子了。

The Smiths remained there all through the year. 史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。

（2）remain作连系动词,意为“一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”, 后可接多种成分作表语。例如：Peter became a manager but John remained a worker.

彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。

Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest.

无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。

4. not only…but also

(1) not only...but (also)的意思是“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列成分，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致。例如：

Not only my mother but (also) I like to go to the garden.

不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去公园。

He can play not only the piano but also the violin. 他不仅会弹钢琴，还会拉小提琴。

He was not only a writer but (also) an actor. 他不仅是一位作家，而且是一位演员。

(2) 以not only…but also 开头的句子往往引起倒装。

Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it.

他不仅抱怨饭不好吃，而且拒绝付饭钱。

5. expect

(1) expect表示“期待，期望”，通常为及物动词，直接接宾语，还可接不定式的复合结构。例如：We should not expect success overnight. 我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。

That’s just what we expected. 那正是我们所期望的。

He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。

(2) expect还可表示“预计，预料”等，后接动词时要用不定式，不用动名词。例如：

I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。

I didn’t expect to fi nd you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。

(3) expect后可接that 从句，若从句谓语为否定，注意否定的转移。例如：

I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。

I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。

6.suppose

（1）be supposed to do sth. 表示“（主动）被要求做某事，应该做某事，被期望做某事”。意义上与should 接近，含有本该如何，但事实上并非如此的意思。例如：

You are supposed to finish it before dark. 你应该在天黑前完成这项工作。

（2）suppose作及物动词时，意为“假定，猜想”，后面常接宾语从句。例如：

Let’s suppose that the news is true. 让我们假定这个消息是真的。

（3）suppose和think, believe等后跟宾语从句时，主句主语是第一人称时，其反义疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。例如：

I suppose she is serious, isn’t she? 我猜想她是认真的，不是吗？

（4）对含有suppose的疑问句，在简略回答中，肯定回答用“Yes, I suppose so.”；否定回答用“No, I suppose not.”，或“No, I don’t suppose so.”。例如：

—Do you suppose he will come? 你猜他会来吗？

—No, I suppose not / don’t suppose so.

7. be famous for

be famous意为“著名的，出名的”，相当于be well-known。

(1) sb. be famous for…表示“某人以某种知识、技能或特征出名”。

Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity. 爱因斯坦因他的“相对论”而著名。

（2）sp. be famous for表示“因某种特产而出名”。例如：

The area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区因绿茶而出名。

【拓展】

（1）sb. be famous as表示“某人作为某种身份出名”。例如：

Einstein was famous as a great scientist.

爱因斯坦作为一位伟大的科学家而著名。

(2) sp. be famous as表示“作为某物的产地而出名。

The area is famous as a green tea producing place. 这个地区作为绿茶产地很出名。

8.charge

be charged with意为“承担……，被指控……，（因某事）谴责（人）”。例如：

Jack is charged with looking after his brother. Jack负责照看他的弟弟。

The man is charged with murder. 那人被指控杀人。

其主动语态为charge sb. with…,意为“指控某人”。例如：

The police charged the driver with careless driving. 警察指控这个驾驶员鲁莽驾驶。

【拓展】

charge作动词，既可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词。

（1）作及物动词，意为“记账；给……充电；委以重任”等。例如：

Please charge these bills to my account. 请把这些帐单记在我的账上。

He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘记给电池充电了。

She was charged with an important mission. 她被委以重任。

（2）作不及物动词，意为“收费，要价；记账”等。例如：

How much do you charge for a room? 租一个房间要多少钱？

Charge now，pay later. 现在先记账，以后再付款。

9. break out

break out 表示“（战争、瘟疫、火灾等）爆发”。例如：

World War II broke out in September 1939.

第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。

【拓展】

(1) break up 表示“散会,（学期）结束”等。例如：

When does school break up? 本学期什么时候结束？

（2）break down 可意为“(机器)坏了；（计划、谈判）失败；（谈话、通讯）中断等”。例如：

We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down.

很抱歉我们来晚了，由于车坏了。

Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方的谈判已经破裂。

（3）break into 表示“破门而入；打断（谈话）”。例如：

I caught two men trying to break into the office.

我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。

He broke into our talk rudely.

他粗鲁地打断了我们的谈话。

10.such as

such as意为“例如”，用来罗列同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但such as后边不能用逗号。例如：

I have many hobbies, such as reading, dancing and singing.

我有很多爱好，如读书，跳舞和唱歌。

Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.

其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如《跟我学》、《跟我学科学》。

English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.

许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚加拿大等。

【拓展】

for example也意为“例如”，但是强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：

There are many kinds of pollution，for example, noise is a kind of pollution.

有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。

Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.

许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。

11. a great number of

a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a great number of; a small number of等。例如：

I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。

A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.

昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。

【拓展】

the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.

说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。

12. both…and

both...and作连词，意为“不但……而且”，它可以连接两个名词、形容词或者介词短语等，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词常用复数形式。例如：

Both my father and mother are doctors. 我的父亲和母亲都是医生。

He speaks both English and French. 他既会说英语还会说法语。

【拓展】

(1) both...and的否定短语是neither...nor，意思是“既不……也不……”。

It’s neither too cold nor too hot. 天气既不太冷也不太热。

Neither boys nor girls are interested in it. 男孩子和女孩子对此都不感兴趣。

(2) neither…nor连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词要和最近的主语一致。

Neither he nor I am a teacher. 他不是老师，我也不是老师。

词汇精练

I.英汉互译。

1. a great number of ___________

2.位于_________

3. 因……而出名_________

4.去世，消失__________

5.set up _________

6.主管，负责___________

7.既不……也不……__________ 8.set free ___________

9.break up __________ 10. 嘲弄，取笑____________

II.根据首字母提示把句子补充完整。

1. Can you i__________ yourself to us?

2.The Great Wall in ancient China was used for protecting against e_______ .

3. Can you f ______ him some water? He must be very thirsty.

4. Jim is a clever boy with many f_______ideas.

5. I lost my driving l_______ because of my carelessness.

6.We all like teachers w________ class is interesting and creative.

7.The ship is s_______ for Shanghai tomorrow.

8. Do you know who i_______ printing?

9. Tea is drunk by the l_______ number of people all over the world.

10. Jim p_______ me to keep secrets just now.

III.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. Hellen, together with her friends, _________(have) gone abroad.

2. Mr. Black _________（dismiss）because of his carelessness in the work.

3. Either Jack or I _______ (be) wrong.

4. The lecture hall is _______ (crowd) with students.

5. My father promised _______ (buy) a computer for me.

6. The red Army succeeded in _______(arrive) in Gansu Province in 1936.

7. Receiving a good ________ (educate) is very important.

8. The girl who _________ ( like) reading is my daughter.

9. There is a dog________ (lie) on the ground.

10. The film is well worth________ (see).

IV. 选词填空。

1. Bad luck! Her car ____ ____ half way.

2. Mary has made her college dream ____ ____now.

3. Hong Kong ____ ____ ____ the Pearl of the Orient.

4. These books which were written by him ____ ____ reading.

5. Mount Changbai that ____ ____ the northeast of China is famous for Tianchi.

V. 听力链接。

（2015 北京怀柔一模）

听对话或独白，根据对话或独白的内容，从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

请听一段对话，完成第6至第7小题。

6. Why is Tom going to Tokyo?

A. Because he’s got a new job there.

B. Because he’s got married.

C. Because he’s got a friend there.

7. How will they keep in touch?

A. By phone.

B. By QQ.

C. By letter.

请听一段对话，完成第8至第9小题。

8. Where does the woman want to go?

A. Bookstore.

B. Hospital.

C. Cinema.

9. How will she go there?

A. By taxi.

B. On foot.

C. By bus.

请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题。

10. Who worked on the car all day?

A. Kate.

B. Peter.

C. Fred.

11. Where did Kate go before dinner on Sunday?

A. A nice lake.

B. Her friend’s home.

C. A cinema.

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沪教版牛津上海小学六年级上册英语阅读试题含答案解析 一、阅读理解 1．阅读理解阅读短文，判断句子对“正确”错“错误”。 I'm a girl from Guangzhou. I have a pen pal. His name is John. He's an Australian boy. He's twelve years old. He studies in Guangzhou now. John is a good student. He studies hard every day. John often cooks breakfast, lunch and dinner by himself. He likes Chinese food very much. He is interested in cooking. And he's good at cooking. （1）John is from Australia. （2）John studies in Australia. （3）John is 20 years old. （4）John likes cooking very much. （5）He doesn't like Chinese food. 【答案】（1）1 （2）0 （3）0 （4）1 （5）0 【解析】【分析】（1）句意：约翰来自于澳大利亚。根据句子His name is John. He's an Australian boy. 可知答案正确，故填：正确。 （2）句意：约翰在澳大利亚学习。根据句子He studies in Guangzhou now. 可知答案错误，故填：错误。 （3）句意：约翰20岁。根据句子He's twelve years old. 可知答案错误，故填：错误。（4）句意：约翰非常喜欢做饭。根据句子He is interested in cooking. 可知答案正确，故填：正确。 （5）句意：约翰不喜欢中国食物。根据句子He likes Chinese food very much. 可知答案错误，故填：错误。 【点评】此题考查阅读判断。先在文章中找到和题干相关的信息，再进行判断分析。2．阅读理解根据短文内容判断下列各句的正误

沪教版牛津上海六年级上册英语阅读题及答案

沪教版牛津上海六年级上册英语阅读题及答案 一、阅读理解 1．阅读理解并选择正确答案。 Ben is going to visit his grandparents in New York next week. He wants to give some presents to them. Yesterday he went shopping with his parents. In the shop, he bought a blue sweater and black trousers for his grandfather and some good books for his grandmother. Both his parents thought they were very good presents. Ben was very happy. （1）Where are Ben's grandparents? A. In London B. In New York C. In Beijing （2）What did Ben do yesterday? A. He visited his grandparents. B. He went shopping with his friends. C. He went shopping with his parents. （3）How many people went shopping yesterday? A. One B. Two C. Three （4）He bought _____ for his grandmother. A. black trousers B. some books C. blue sweater （5）When is Ben going to visit his grandparents? A. Tomorrow B. Next week C. Yesterday 【答案】（1）B （2）C （3）C （4）B （5）B 【解析】【分析】文章大意：描述Ben打算探望祖父母的事情。 （1）根据 Ben is going to visit his grandparents in New York next week.可知他的祖父母住在纽约，故选B。 （2）根据Yesterday he went shopping with his parents.可知昨天他和父母去购物了。故选C。 （3）根据Yesterday he went shopping with his parents. In the shop可知三个人去购物了，故选C。 （4）根据In the shop, he bought a blue sweater and black trousers for his grandfather and some good books for his grandmother. 可知他给祖母买了一些书，故选B。 （5）根据Ben is going to visit his grandparents in New York next week. 可知他打算下周去看望祖父母，故选B。 【点评】考查对篇章的把握和细节的辨别能力。答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确选择。 2．阅读理解阅读短文，判断正误 Long, long ago there lived a king. He was very old and he