全国2014年4月自学考试操作系统真题与答案

全国2014年4月自考操作系统试题

日期：2014年04月23日双击屏幕自动滚动来源：网络复制此网址【字体：大中小】

绝密★考试结束前

全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试

操作系统试题

课程代码：02326

请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分

注意事项：

1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规

定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡

皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。

一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相

应代码涂黑。未涂、错涂或多涂均无分。

1、计算机软件系统是指计算机系统中的

A、程序

B、数据

C、程序及其数据

D、程序及其文档

2、编译系统的功能是把用高级语言所写的源程序翻译成计算机可执行的由机器语言表示的

目标程序。它属于

A、系统软件

B、应用软件

C、支撑软件

D、接口软件

3、当操作员接通计算机电源时，计算机系统立即自动执行

A、中断服务程序

B、用户程序

C、引导程序

D、接口程序

4、当操作系统选择了用户程序占用处理器，则系统会

A、从目态变为管态

B、从管态变为目态

C、继续保持目态

D、继续保持管态

5、实现多道程序设计技术时，不必关注的是

A、主存储器的保护

B、主存储器中程序的浮动

C、系统资源的分配和调度

D、用户程序的具体功能

6、“进程状态”信息属于进程控制块四类信息中的

A、标识信息

B、说明信息

C、现场信息

D、管理信息

7、下列作业调度算法中既考虑作业进入输入井的先后，又考虑作业计算时间的是

A、先来先服务算法

B、计算时间短的作业优先算法

C、响应比高者优先算法

D、均衡调度算法

8、假定在一个实时应用系统中，有3个不同优先级，每个优先级上有2个实时进程，当用户有高实时要求时应采用的进程调度算法是

A、分级调度算法

B、抢占式最高优先级调度算法

C、时间片轮转调度算法

D、非抢占式最高优先级调度算法

9、为了保证程序的正确执行，处理器访问主存储器使用的是

A、逻辑地址

B、相对地址

C、绝对地址

D、虚拟地址

10、在可变分区管理中，采用最优适应分配算法时，登记在空闲区表中的空闲区是

A、按地址递减顺序排列的

B、按地址递增顺序排列的

C、按长度递减顺序排列的

D、按长度递增顺序排列的

11、在页式存储管理系统中，一个作业的页表内容如下：

页号块号

02

14

26

若页面大小为2KB，则该作业的地址0转换成的物理地址是

A、6K B．4K

C、2K D．1K

12、在页式虚存系统中，如作业执行时发生了缺页中断，经操作系统把该页面调入主存并修改页表之后，应执行

A、被中断的前一条指令

B、被中断的后一条指令

C、被中断的那一条指令

D、该作业的第一条指令

13、在UNIX中，文件类型有多种，正确的是

A、基本文件、目录文件和设备文件

B、普通文件、目录文件和设备文件

C、基本文件、目录文件和特别文件

D、普通文件、特别文件和基本文件

14、文件信息的存取方式有多种，采用哪种存取方式，需要考虑的关键因素是

A、文件的使用方式和打开方式

B、存储介质的特性和文件的读写方式

C、文件的打开方式和读写方式

D、文件的使用方式和存储介质的特性

15、执行一次磁盘输入输出操作所花费的时间包括

A、寻找时间、定位时间、延迟时间

B、定位时间、延迟时间、传送时间

C、延迟时间、传送时间、寻找时间

D、传送时间、寻找时间、定位时间

16、假设外围设备与缓冲区交换信息的时间为T，缓冲区与用户工作区间传送信息所需要的时间为t，用户进程处理信息所需时间为p。若采用双缓冲技术，对每一批信息经读/写处理，所需的时间是

A.max（（T-t),p)+t B．max（（T-t),p)+T

C.max（（t-T),p)+t D．max（（t-T),p)+T

17、若进程间利用信箱通信机制来传递信息，那么发送信息者的进程名应

A、作为send原语参数

B、作为receive原语参数

C、存放在信件中

D、存放在信箱中

18、系统中有n个并发进程涉及到某个相同的变量x，那么关于变量x的相关临界区的个数是

A、n-x B．X-n

C、1

D、n

19、若干进程共享系统资源时，不属于形成死锁必要条件的是

A、资源可共享

B、互斥地使用资源

C、占有并等待资源

D、循环等待资源

20、系统有某类资源18个单元供若干进程共享。若每个进程申请的资源量不超过5个，为保证不发生死锁应限定共享该类资源的进程数最多为

A、3

B、4

C、5

D、6

二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）

在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂、少涂或未涂均无分。

21、分时操作系统具有的主要特点是

A、同时性

B、独立性

C、及时性

D、保密性

E、交互性

22、属于“强迫性中断事件”的是

A、硬件故障中断

B、程序性中断

C、访管中断

D、输入/输出中断

E、外部中断

23、在以下有关UNIX虚存地址结构的叙述中，正确的有

A.UNIX将进程的地址空间分成系统区段、程序区段和控制区段

B、系统区段中的程序和数据常驻主存

C、程序区段和控制区段中的信息可在主存和磁盘对换区之间换进／换出

D、采用32位虚拟地址，其中最低12位表示页内地址

E、虚拟地址的最高2位表示区段（00为程序区段、01为控制区段、10为系统区段）

24、虚拟设备实现的技术涉及的概念有多个，它们是

A、输入井

B、输出井

C、井管理程序

D、预输入程序

E、缓输出程序

25、有n个进程都要使用某个共享文件，系统限制最多m个进程(n>m>1)同时读文件，用PV操作管理时可能出现的信号量的值是

A、0

B、1

C、m D．n

E、m-n

非选择题部分

注意事项：

用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

三、填空题（本大题共7小题，每空1分，共14分）

26、操作系统有两个主要的设计原则，即能使计算机系统_使用方便_和_更高效率_。

27、为了减少对主存的访问时间，加快程序的执行速度，系统中往往配置一个_高速缓冲寄存器_，用来存放_经常访问的信息_。

28、UNIX系统中，进程为了等待某事件而让出处理器便进入_睡眠_状态。进程通过执行exit终止自己进入_僵死_状态。

29、把相对地址转换成绝对地址的工作称为重定位。静态重定位在_作业执行前_时进行，动态重定位在_作业执行过程_时进行。

30、文件的组织是指文件的构造方式。其中，独立于物理环境的称为文件的_逻辑结构_；与存储介质有关的称为文件的_物理结构_。

31、为管理多类多台设备，系统需要为每台设备赋予一个编号，称为设备的_绝对号__，用户使用同类设备时采用_相对号__指出对应的设备。

32、在计算机系统中可以进行抢夺式分配的资源有_处理器_和_主存资源_。

四、简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）

33、操作系统与硬件相互配合才能实现系统的安全保护，请简述硬件上采取的保护措施。

1、特权指令

2、管态与目态

3、存储保护

34、简述文件系统采用树型目录结构的优点。

1、解决重名问题

2、有利于文件分类

3、提高检索文件速度

4、存取权限控制

35、简述UNIX中系统如何管理设备，用户通过什么系统调用命令使用设备。

UNIX把设备分成块设备和字符设备，并且把设备当做文件来看待，叫做设备文件。调用设备时可以像调用文件那样如open,close,read,write。

36、简述线程与进程的关系。

1、进程有独立的内存空间，不同进程间彼此内存空间独立。

2、线程是轻型进程，一个进程中可包含多个线程，每个进程中的线程间共享该进程的存储空间。

37、现有某类资源有10个供A、B、C三个进程共享。它们对资源的需求量分别为7个，5个，3个。目前已分别得到了4个，3个，2个。如果当三个进程都继续请求再分配资源时，系统先满足进程A的请求，那么系统会出现什么现象？为什么？

系统会死锁，当系统给A分配最后的一个资源时，ABC三个进程的资源都不能得到满足，三个进程都相互等待对方释放资源，进入循环等待状态。

五、综合题（本大题共4小题，每小题9分，共36分）

38、在一个多道批处理系统中，有如下表格所示的作业序列。假定作业都是仅作计算的，当所有作业均进入输入井后立即开始作业调度，并忽略系统管理的开销时间。要求：

(1)采用先来先服务算法时，计算各作业的周转时间。

作业进入输入井

时间

需计算时间

（小时）

开始时间完成时间

周转时间

（小时）

18.0时18.0 9.0 1.0

28.2时0.59.0 9.5 1.3

38.4时0.29.5 9.7 1.3

48.6时0.69.7 10.3 1.7

（1+1.3+1.3+1.7）/4=1.325

(2)采用计算时间短的作业优先算法时，计算各作业的周转时间和这批作业的平均周转时间。

作业进入输入井

时间

需计算时间

（小时）

开始时间完成时间

周转时间

（小时）

18.0时18.0 9.0 1.0

28.2时0.59.2 9.7 1.5

38.4时0.29.0 9.2 0.8

48.6时0.69.7 10.3 1.7

(1+1.5+0.8+1.7)/4=1.25

39、在页式虚拟存储管理系统中，若某进程依次访问的页面为2，3，2，l，5，2，4，5，3，2，5，2。分配3块主存块（假设开始三页也算缺页），采用页号队列的方法，分别填写下表，并计算缺页次数和缺页率。

(1)FIFO先进先出调度算法：

访问页面232152453252

页号队首页号队尾2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 5 5

1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 2

是否缺页是是是是是是缺页次数 6 缺页率50%

(2)LRU最近最久未使用调度算法：

访问页面232152453252

页号队首页号队尾2 2 3 3 5 5 5 2 4 5 3 3

3 2 2 2 1 2

4

5 3 2 5

1 1

2 4 5

3 2 5 2

是否缺页是是是是缺页次数 4 缺页率33%

40、假定某文件现有10个逻辑记录，每个逻辑记录的大小为150个字节。而一个磁盘块长度为512个字节，系统缓冲区的长度也为512个字节，逻辑记录不跨块存放。系统空间足够使用。在打开该文件时，要分别实现两种操作，在文件的末端增加一条记录以及删除文件末端记录，请分别列出对顺序、链接和索引三种存储结构各需启动I/O操作的最少次数。

存储结构加在文件末端读写盘的次数从文件末端去掉读写盘的次数

顺序结构 3 3

链接结构 3 1

索引结构 1 1

41、进程A和进程B共享某个资源。它们并发执行的程序如下：

begin

busy ∶ Boolean；

busy ∶= true;

cobegin

process A

begin

L∶if busy then begin

使用资源；

busy∶=false；

end；

goto L；

end：

process B

begin

K∶ if not busy then begin

使用资源；

busy ∶ =true；

end；

goto K;

end；

coend；

end：

回答下面问题：

(1)进程A和进程B按什么规律在使用资源？

A执行完成后，B才能执行，B的执行取决于A的执行结果。

当B执行完成后，A才能再次执行，A的执行也取决于B的执行结果。

(2)若程序中不使用布尔变量busy，而改用PV操作来管理，则应采用同步方式还是互斥方式？

同步方式

(3)在保持原来的资源使用规律情况下，把上述程序改用PV操作来管理。

begin

S1:=1 S2:=0

cobegin

process A

begin

P(S1)

使用资源；

V(S2) end；goto L；end：process B begin

P(S2)

使用资源；V(S1) end；goto K; end；coend；end：

2017年英语专四真题及答案-(1)

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(完整版)【英语】2014年高考真题——(广东A卷)解析版

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