汉译英翻译技巧分析解析
汉译英翻译技巧
一、分清主从(Subordination)
汉语句中各分句关系比较松散，所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。句中重点往往在后。英译时，要突出重点或主句，其他部分可分别用介词短语，非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。
1、没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。
Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production
proceed.
2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。
The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-
hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.
3、有人以为社会主义就了不起，一点缺点也没有，哪有这个事?
Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can
that be true?
4、但是，象我们常说的那样，道路总是曲折的，前途总是光明的。
But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is
bright.
二、选词用字（Diction）
在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。
1、每个民族都有它的长处，不然它为什么能存在？为什么能发展？
Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?
2、树雄心，立壮志，向科学技术现代化进军。
Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution
of modernization of science and technology.
3、我国的社会主义建设，需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结，
天下大治的局面。
For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment
of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.
4、论技术，她那时还不如我，但思想却比我高得多。
Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was
head and shoulders above me.
三、增益（Ampification）
汉译英时的“增益”技巧的运用,有时是为了使英美人理解原文的精确含义,有时是为了遵循英语的行文习惯。
1、交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again
and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can
you do your work well.
（英语行文时人称代词，物主代词用得较多）
2、她挑水，生炉子，洗东西，忙个不停。
Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every
minute. (增益为了意译)
3、他们一听说有新任务，就坐不往了。
When they learnt that they’d been given a new task, they just couldn’t sit still any longer. (增加not… any longer 表示“不再”.)
4、会用就了不得,不会用就一文不值.
It works wonders when you know how to use it, but when you don’t it is not
worth a single penny. (增加连词与代词)
三、省略法.(Omission)
汉语不怕重复,英语中有相同的词语常可省略,行文较简练。汉语中出于行文需要而没有实意的一些词语在英译时也要省略。
1、我们要培养分析问题，解决问题的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems.
（只用一个problems）
2、我已提前完成了任务，他也提前完成了。
I’ve fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
3、中国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的。
The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into
things, to make inventions and to make revolution.
（只用一个courageous enough ）
4、质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电，也不带阴电。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a
neutron has neither.
五、转换（Conversion）
汉语中的某些词类在英译时常常要根据英语的句式转换成英语的另一类词，更符合英语的惯用法。不仅如此，有时整个句式也要转换。
1、一定要少说空话，多做工作。
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
(汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词)
2、警察把那个孩子的胳臂抓得更紧了，叫嚷道：“学规矩点!”
Tightening his hold on the boy’s arm, the policeman yelled,“Learn some respect!”(句子的前部分转换成分词结构)
３、口试时问了她十个问题,她一一答对了。
She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one correctly.
（主动式转换为被动式句型）
４、语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
(句式不同但意思完全相同)
六、词序调整。（Inversion）
每种语言都有自己的自然语序，翻译时要注意入乡随俗。特别要注意英译时强调句式的词序。
1、这个茶会是由伦敦《泰晤士报》的高级记者约翰先生举行的。
The tea-party was given by Mr John, senior correspondent of The
Times, London.（英译时姓名在前，职务在后）
2、我们上星期天在她家尽情地吃了一顿。
We ate to our hearts’ content at her home last Sunday.
(汉语的状语排列：时间―――地点―――方式
英语的排列是：方式―――地点―――时间）
3、我们从来没有看见过这样光明的前途。
Never have we seen so bright a future before us.
(英语中Never开头的句子词序要倒装)
4、荷花虽好，也要绿叶扶持。
With all its beauty the lotus needs the green of its leaves to set it off.
( With 的特殊用法，表示让步，用在句首)
七、正说反译，反说正译。（Negation）
英汉两种语言都有自己的约定俗成的正反说法，这在英译时要时刻注意到。英语中有些词汇本身就有否定的意思，要善于利用，如fail, without, beyond, until, unless, instead of 等；
１、我认为他不对。他昨天没有露面。
I don’t think he is correct. he failed to turn up yesterday.
(正说反译，反说正译)
２、证据确凿，毋庸置疑。
The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.(反说正译)
３、那件事没有减弱我们的决心，反倒增强了我们的决心。
That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.
( or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.)
4、会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。
The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that
at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.(正说反译，反说正译)
八、长句拆译。（Division）
翻译时随意断句是不足取的，但为了忠实并通顺地转达原意，仔细分析后，在保持原文风格特点的前提下，适当地断句倒显得更自然有力。长句拆译时往往要综合使用学到的种种技巧。
１、我们的一般企业很少注意经济效果，广泛存在着劳动无定员，生产无定额，质量无检查，成本无核算的现象，在人力、物力、财力上造成很多浪费。
Our enterprises in general pay little attention to economic results, since usually the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, production quota is not fixed, the quality of products is not checked and cost accounting is not earnestly practised. All this has incurred a big waste of manpower, material resources and money.
(因为原长句结尾处是表判断带有总结性的分句，所以在这里断句译较好)
２、人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。
The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas. (原句中包含着从一般到细节的过渡，断句分译才使译文更有条理)
３、一定要言行一致，理论与实践密切结合，反对华而不实和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated.
We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated.
长句拆译方面对初学者来说有些偏深，故不多举例了。作为有心人认真探索是大有好处的。
以上我们探讨了如何在汉译英时把“英译汉”的翻译技巧加以利用,以求得英语行文正确与合理.现在我们要从另一个角度来分析汉译英.也就是从语法上着手，纵横结合。通过这样学习，对提高实际运用英语的能力有极其重要的作用。因为汉语的句子我们可以一目十行，怎么样地道地用英语表达才是我们“翻译法”的终极目标.
一、汉语中无词形变化，但仔细分析一下，我们都能明确其中各词属于什么词性。英语中词形变化很重要，名词有单复数变化，冠词有定冠词和不定冠词，形容词、副词有比较级和最高级的变化，动词有时态、语态、语气的变化以及各种非谓语动词的不同用法。这要求我们在汉译英时应该看好英语的词法与句法的统一。
１、年轻人宜彬彬有礼。
Modesty becomes a young man.
（注意动词的变化与冠词的用法）
２、鸟鸣山更幽。
It seems to be more lonesome in the mountains when birds are singing.
（形容词比较级，名词复数，动词进行时）
３、从各方面来考虑，他的命运是幸福的。
Taking all things into consideration, his lot is a happy one.
(分词的独立主格用法，冠词的正确使用)
４、使事情更糟的，天又下起雨来了。
To make the matter worse, it began to rain.
（不定式作独立主格）
二、汉语中存在着无主句（没有主语的句子）。英语中除祈使句之外，一般都必须有主语。所以在汉译英时，应经常推敲要选那一个词来当主语，一般可加上I, we, you, they等（常泛指人们）作主语以及加上相应的物主代词。有时也采用被动语态来翻译。
１、拾煤渣也要放聪明点儿，常常换换地方。为的不受那些野男孩子的欺负。
Even when scrounging for cinder you had to have your wits about you and shift from place to place to avoid those mischievous boys who banded together to collect cinders, too.
(用you作主语，再加上相关的代词your.)
2、真是一个钱撕成八瓣用，心里总想着怎样能够改善家里的困境。
Each single copper had to be eked out, and I kept racking my minds for ways to improve our difficult conditions.
（翻译时用I 作主语并增加相关的物主代词）
３、对革命高潮的客观条件与主观力量区分不清楚，不知道主观的群众运动对促成革命高潮到来的作用。
No clear distinction was made between the objective condition and the subjective strength involved in a revolutionary upsurge. We did not understand the importance of the mass movement, the subjective element, in helping to bring about a revolutionary upsurge.
（汉语中属无主句，英译时增添主语we）
3、村里办了小学，开设了粮站和卫生所。
A primary school, a grain station and a clinic have been set up in the village.
（汉译英时使用被动语态）
三、汉语中词与词之间，短语与短语之间，分句与分句之间很少用连词。而在这种场合下英语一定要使用连词，表示各成份之间的关系。汉语的特点是“意合”,这种简洁性曾被著名的美国语言学家爱德华.萨皮尔描绘为是一种有着“合理的逻辑性”的语言。英语行文重在“形合”.所以在该使用连词and 时决不可漏掉。其它各种从属连词的使用也很重要。１、我们是革命战争的领导者，组织者，我们又是群众生活的领导者，组织者。
We are the leaders and organizers of the revolutionary wars as well as the leaders and organizers of the life of the masses.(连词and, as well as 在这里一定要用)
２、小伙子走了.夕阳下,她躺在草地上等着。
The young man left, and she lay waiting on the grass in the evening sun.
(这里连词and 起了合句的作用,合句与断句相对,也是一种重要的翻译技巧.)
３、海洋覆盖了地球表面的７１%,是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分,也是资源的宝库,环境的重要调节器.
The ocean, which covers 71% of the earth’s s urface, is a basic component of the global bio-support system. It is also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the environment.
(主语后面有三个并列的谓语:覆盖了…,是…,也是… .但仔细分析可看出,“覆盖了地球表面的７１％”说明了一个人们已知的客观事实，句子的重点在后面。因此译文用了一个定语从句来处理前面的分句，而用谓语集中处理后半句的内容。) ４、中国在自己发展的长河中，形成了优良的历史文化传统。这些传统，随着时代变迁和社会进步获得扬弃和发展。In the prolonged course of its development, China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions, which have been either developed or sublated with the changes of the times and social progress.
（原文是两句话，第一句在句末提出“历史文化传统”，第二句接着加以发挥。两句话虽在内容上紧密相连，但在形式上都是两个并列的句子，互相没有从属关系。汉语行文“意合”,我们就应该用英语的“形合”表示出来,所以使用了从属连词which 把两句连在一起,变成一个主从复合句.
四、意译法的正确使用。
翻译过程本身充满矛盾，笔者认为主要矛盾在于意合与形合之争。根据我们现在学习的目的来看，我更偏重于意合，说穿了就是意译。因为同一句汉语可用多种英语句型表达，反之亦然。一般情况下，意思说对了就行了，那在什么情况下用意译较好呢？
（一），如果照原句的字眼直接译成英语，你又不熟悉对应词的相关的用法，就容易引起误会，这时应使用意译法，以确切传达原意为准。
1、村里的居民，全不在他眼睛里。
He looked down upon all the inhabitants of the village.
2、谁料这小子竟谋了他的饭碗去。
Who could have thought that this low fellow would steal his living from him.
3、他惹了一肚子的气，回来气的一整夜也没睡着。
Being absolutely enraged, he was much too angry to sleep that night.
4、他说“如今没奈何，把你雇在间壁人家放牛。”
“There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after over neighbor’s baffalo.”
（二）、按原文正面译出，译文语言不好处理时，可以采用反面着笔的意译法，也就是我们所谈到的“正说反译,反说正译”的技巧。
1、那赵家的狗，何以看我两眼呢？我怕的有理。
Why should the Zhao’s dog give me two glances of the eye? My fear is not
a groundless one.
2、那小女孩接受了礼物，爱玩不忍释手。
The little girl accepted the gift, liking it so much that she could scarcely take his eyes off it.
3、忽视这一点就不能掌握和运用世界上先进的科学技术成果，不能很好地解决我国建设中遇到的重大问题。Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems in our construction.
4、过街愈当心愈好。礼貌是值得尽量尊重的。
You cannot be too careful in crossing the street.
Good manners cannot be too much valued.
（三）、用意译法比字面直译更能确切反映原意时。（汉语成语，俗语，诗歌翻译等）
1、山不在高，有仙则名。
Any mountains can be famous with the presence of an immortal.
2、a)，引人瞩目b)，温厚儒雅c)，抡滩上海d)，大展鸿图
a), attractive b), pacific c),swarm in Shanghai
d), very well realize one’s ambition
3、三个和尚无水吃。
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
4、前不见古人，后不见来者。念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下。
Before me, unseen are the ancients,
Behind me, unseen those to come,
Thinking of this infinite universe
Alone, in my sorrow, I shed tears.
（四）、有时为了适应某种文字体裁的要求，译文只译出原作的大意。（如图片说明词，展览会上的实物介绍等）
1、区中心大道
Plant Central Avenue
2、“跃马擒敌”
Hunting Down the Enemy
3、湄洲岛位于台湾海峡通道里,是莆田市湄洲湾上的一个小岛,面积１４平方公里,人口３.５万多,因供奉妈祖的“湄洲祖庙”闻名世界。
Located in the Taiwan Straits, Meizhou Island is a small island with a total area of 14 square kilometers and a population of 35thousand. It is well-known home and abroad for the first Mazu Temple.
4、二百公里航道上，遍布着无数险滩。险滩上，江流汹涌，回旋激荡，水击礁石，浪花飞溅，声如雷鸣。Numerous shoals scattered over the 200kms course give rise to many eddies.
Pounding on the midstream rocks, the river roars thunderously.
掌握一些常用的英汉，汉英对译的翻译技巧可以激发高中学生英语学习的兴趣。因为学了就会用，一劳永逸，简直是文字游戏。我们视之为学习英语过程中的一种有用的思维工具，不应该把它定位于教学法。毋宁说这是一种学习法，或“应付考试法”更确切。在解答数学题时，我们曾用过归纳法、演绎法、归谬法等，为什么我们在解答英语习题时不可用翻译法呢？下面有４０道汉译英练习。第一部分着重某一种技巧的运用，第二部分要运用二种以上的技巧。参考答案与提示并不是唯一的。你可以自己创新，写出更美、更富有表现力的句子。愿同学们青出于蓝胜于蓝。
（一）
1、我们不是为食而生，乃是为生而食。（增益，加连词）
2、良药苦口利于病。（选词用字）
3、那大学的入学试题很难，我不知能否考取。（分清主从）
4、似乎有稍加说明的必要。（增益，加主语）
5、做人不可醉生梦死。（找主语意译）
6、中国古话说，女子无才便是德。（正说反译，反说正译）
7、公平地说一句，他一直是一个好丈夫，也是一个好父亲。（不定式用法）
8、我觉得那问题很难解决。（词序调整）
9、我们的身体和衣服都要保持清洁，以免生病。（转换并句）
10、我国向来尊重学问。（无主句，用被动语态）
11、太阳落山了，我们回家去。（分词独立结构）
12、请代我谢谢他的礼物。（选词用字句
13、言归正传，他们当天便结婚了。（不定式用法）
14、贪爱钱财是万恶之源。（转换词类）
15、他赚了一大笔钱，他母亲高兴极了。（并句）
16、他易于满足。（选词用字）
17、知人知面不知心。（无主句，加主语）
18、人谁无过。（增益，加介词）
19、不自由毋宁死。（反说正译）
20、几家欢乐几家愁。（增益，加连词）
21、他硬不肯听，要我怎样去说服他。（并句）
22、人生不满百，常怀千岁忧。（选词用字）
23、如果合算的话，我就接受那个工作。（选词用字）
24、各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。（选词用字）
25、打得赢就打，打不赢就走。（增益）
26、凭舟极目望去，远处是黛色青山和五彩斑斓的田野。（增益）
27、前怕龙后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。（省略）
28、获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。（转换）
29、这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。（省略）
30、使我们失望的是他不顾大局。（反说正译）
II
1、小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国的侵略。（分清主从，词序调整）
2、天下大乱达到天下大治。（选词用字，转换）
3、不学会技术，长期当外行，管理也搞不好。（分清主从，增益）
4、雷锋的形象，教育我们，鼓舞我们。（增益，省略）
5、在党的领导下，依靠广大人民群众的力量，是我们战胜一切困难的根本保证。
（转换，找出合适的主语）
6、一九四二年十一月，德国法西斯军队在斯大林格勒附近大败。（词序调整，被
动语态）
7、这充分表明我们党兴旺发达，后继有人。（正说反译，反说正译）
8、不辜负全国人民和全世界人民对我们的希望。（反说正译，词序调整）
9、对于这些人，并不发生刺激与否的问题，刺激也是那样，不刺激也是那样，因为他们是反动派。（长句拆译，分清主从）
10、人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。（长句拆译，增益，转换）
参考译文：
1、We do not live in order to eat, but we eat in order to live.
2、Good medicine tastes bitter, but is good for a disease.
3、As the examination questions of that university are very difficult,
I doubt if (It is uncertain that) I shall pass the entrance examination.
4、A few words of explanation appear necessary.
5、One must not sleep or dream one’s life away.
6、An old Chinese proverb says that too much learning does not become a woman.
7、To do him justice, he has always been a good husband and a good father.
8、I found it difficult to solve that problem.
9、We should keep our bodies and clothes clean not to be attacked by illness.
10、Learning has always been held in high esteem in our country.
11、The sun having set, we went home.
12、Return him my best thanks for the present.
13、To return to the subject, they got married the very day.
14、The love of money is the root of all evil.
15、To the joy of his mother, he won a lot of money.
16、He is content with very little.
17、We know men’s faces, not their minds.
18、Among men who is faultless?
19、Give me liberty or give me death.
20、Some families are making merry while others are suffering from poverty.
21、How can I convince him when he will not listen?
22、A man does not live a hundred years, yet he worries enough for a thousand.
23、I will undertake the work, if it pays.
24、Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.
25、Fight when you can win, move away when you cannot.
26、Leaning against the boat, you can see dark green mountains and gorgeous fields in the far distance.
27、“fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.
28、We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.
29、These new cars were fast, efficient and handy.
30、To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.
II
1、The people of a small country can defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their hands the destiny of their own country.
2、Great disorder across the land leads to great order.
3、If they don’t learn any technical skills and remain outsiders for a long time, they don’t be able to do management well either.
4、The brilliant image of Lei Feng educates and inspires us.
5、Leadership by the Party and reliance on the strength of the masses are the fundamental guarantees for overcoming all difficulties.
6、The German fascist army was badly defeated at Stalingrad in November 1942.
7、This fully shows that our Party is flourishing and has no lack of successors.
8、Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.
9、With regard to such reactionaries, the questions of irritating does not arise. Irritated or not, they will remain the same because they are reactionaries.
10、The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.
“深入浅出”这个成语原意是指把深奥的内容用浅显的言语表达出来，英语可译为：“explain the profound in simple terms”。翻译法学英语也可算是深入浅出。但应作别解。学习翻译法不太容易，所以要深入；但学会了之后，就很好用了，可以“浅出”。因此也具有深入浅出的含义。有点“踏破铁鞋无处觅,得来全不费工夫”的意境了.下面四篇汉语短文,与英语书面表达所要求的程度相近。动手试译一下，你一定会感到太好译了，简直是小菜一碟。恭喜你成功了！
一
大家请注意，有事要通知。十二月８日星期五下午２点在学校演讲厅有个讲座。主讲人是《人民日报》的张力先生，他准备演讲的内容是中美关系。要求大家都要出席。请认真听讲并做好笔记。如有问题要问，请写在纸条上然后传给
讲演人。讲座结束后，我们要在班上讨论。
不要迟到。就这些了。谢谢大家。
二
亲爱的编辑同志：
我的家乡以前是个美丽的地方。到处都可见到浓密的树木和绿色的草地。人们为了建造房屋、垦荒多种庄稼，越来越多的树木砍倒了。几乎整座森林随着岁月的流逝而遭毁灭。逐渐形成了这种情况，青山变成荒地，河流干涸。结果沙尘暴时时侵袭我们的家园，我们深受其害。所以我多么希望全民应该体会到没有保护环境而产生的可怕的后果。还有，我们应该保护那座森林并多植树，不要只是为了改善生活而乱砍伐。
三
随着迈进电脑时代，我们感到生活上与电脑息息相关。有成千上万种电脑学习软件及电脑游戏，新花样层出不穷。
然而，不同的人们对电脑的利用大相径庭。我校很多学生借助电脑课程，学习上已突飞猛进。同样的时间里，有些学生玩起电脑游戏来依依不舍，这使他们学习上远远地落后于同班同学。甚至有些同学成了流生。
据我看来，我们应该充分合理地利用电脑。电脑能扩大我们的知识面，拓宽我们的胸怀。我们不应当埋头于电脑游戏中毁灭自己。
四
多亏希望工程的实施，一所乡村学校发生了巨大的变化。
以前这学校叫做李家庄小学。由于家庭困难交不起学费，大部分学生辍学了。那座仅有的危房要用来做教室。所有的教师们共住一间。操场上除了空地什么也没有。
现在情况可不同了。辍学儿童都回校继续学习。一座双层的教学楼直立在校园内。有音乐室、美术室、还有教学用的电脑室。学校的体育器材配备精良。
希望工程给李家庄小学带来了极大的利益。出自这种原因，学校改名为“希望小学”。
参考译文：Ｉ，
May I have your attention, please? I have something to tell you. There will be a lecture in the school auditorium at 2:00 pm. December 8,Friday. The lecture will be given by Mr. Zhang Li from the People’s Daily. He is going to speak about the Sino-American relations. Everybody is required to be present. Please listen attentively and take notes. If anybody has a question, please write it down on a slip of paper and pass it to the speaker. After the lecture, we’ll have a discussion in class.
Don’t be late.
That’s all. Thank you!
II,
Dear editor,
In the past my hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass could be seen everywhere. In order to build houses and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. As time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually, the green hills have changed into wasteland and the river has dried. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot. So, I do hope all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment. What’s more, we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions.
III,
As we step into the computer age, we find our lives more and more connected with computers. There are thousands of learning software and computer games and new ones are coming each day.
However, different people make different use of computers. In my school, lots of students have made rapid progress in their
study with the help of computer-based learning programs. Meanwhile, some students find it hard to pull themselves away from computer games, which makes them fall far behind their classmates in their study. Some even have dropped out of school.
In my opinion, we’d make best use of computers. Computers can broaden our knowledge as well as our minds. We shouldn’t ruin ourselves by burying ourselves into playing computer games.
IV,
Thanks to the Hope project, great changes have taken place in a country school.
This school used to be called Lijiazhuang School. Most of its pupils left school because their families were too poor to pay for their education. The only unsafe schoolhouse had to be used as classrooms. And all the teachers shared one room. The playground was nothing but an open land.
Things are different now. All the children who left school have come to continue their studies. In the schoolyard stands a two-storeyed teaching building. There are rooms for music, art and computer teaching. The school is well equipped with sports goods.
The Project benefits the school a great deal. For this reason, it was renamed Hope School.
英语汉译英翻译
Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力，集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感，渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业，而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。
英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)
英汉翻译讲解（1） I.英汉之间的差别： “对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。”------吕叔湘 国内学者的共识是：汉语是综合性的，描写性的，而英语是分析性的，逻辑性的。在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比（contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis），英语重形合（形式上的融合），汉语重意合（意思或意境的融合）。在句法方面，有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种： 1．雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来，开门见山，一语破的，然后再把各种标志一条条补述，一步步交代，慢条斯理，从容不迫，形成一条头短尾长地线性链，象头小尾大地雄孔雀。而汉语则相反，其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛，先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到，最后点出话语的信息中心，水到渠成，给人以豁然开朗之感，形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。 例如：I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文：由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。 又如：The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely （不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）contested （斗争；比赛）. 译文：如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。 2．葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构，葡萄主干很短，其上附结着丰硕的果实。而汉语句子则较短，一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述，逐步展开，内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开，常称为“竹竿型”结构。 She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美，一头乌黑亮丽的长发，一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。 She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红，宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。 3．多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰，共有一个主语或宾语，或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词，两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词，这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上，我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。 4．也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点，从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。而汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹，不执着于形式结构的规范，中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象，深邃和疏放的取向，由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放，系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。所以汉语的形式机制很弱，主谓宾没有形式标定，主谓间关系松散，宾语无定格，无定位，主语的超句承接功能很强。 如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言，那么，英语则是一种“理性”语言。汉语能化逻辑为内在，英语则必须将逻辑外化，化作种种行合的标记，化作启转承合的纽带。英语语法规范森严，理性十足；英语形式逻辑缜密，滴水不漏。 5．汉语是一种意境语言，一种艺术语言。寥寥数词，就能出意境，出氛围，出画面。
英汉翻译评析
评：在最后一句“回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色”中，译者将“百媚”翻 译为“ full of grace ” ,在此处应取“ eleganee and beauty of movement expression ， a beautiful figure which she used in subtle movements unparalleled grace ”这一义，我认为此处强调的是“媚”这个字，这种美是无 人能比的，以至于六宫粉黛无颜色，所以在翻译之时，可以把这种媚翻译成魅 力，而且是“百媚”，此处“百”又不是真的“ hundred ”，而是一种“ end beauty, end of charm ”。 评：最后一句“六宫”翻译成six places 非常生硬，感觉没有体现中国古典文 化中六宫的含义。同时fairest face 也太过于字面化，没有什么美感。回眸直 接翻译为turning her head 也是过于直接，体现不出古典诗歌所要表达的美。 or of of 评：第二句杨家有女初长成中， womanhood just grow ，womanhood 略感多余，前面已经用 了 maiden ，意透露性别信息，无需再次强调女性身份，第三句中天生丽质难自弃，用 en dowed with n atural beauty, en dow 之嫌，一朝选在君王侧翻作 selected for the mon arch' 妃，回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色有承接关系，觉得， 已有天生具有的意思，再用 natural 强调原生有语义赘余 s side,太过直译，可以意译为入宫为 that 放入前半句更好， that she turns her head, with a sweet and grace smile 。 评：诗歌标题“长恨歌”并非表达一种真正的恨意和痛苦， 的遗憾和悔恨。“ regret ”正好有“悔恨，遗憾”之意，“ 而是指唐明皇和杨贵妃无法长相厮守 everlasting ”正好表达岀了长久的意 味。许渊冲的翻译避免了直接翻译的直白， 又恰到好处地将两人无法长相厮守的遗憾表达得淋漓 尽致，十分贴切。 《长恨歌》翻译评析 长恨歌 许渊冲译 The Everlast ing Regret 汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。 The beauty-lovi ng mon arch Ion ged year after year To find a beautiful lady without peer. 杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。 A maide n of the Yan gs* to woma nhood just grow n. In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown. 天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。 En dowed with n atural beauty too hard to hide, One day she stood selected for the mon arch ' s side. 回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。 Turning her head, she smiled so sweet and full of grace That she outsh one in six palaces the fairest face.
汉译英翻译方法
汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。
英汉翻译评析(答案)
Commentaries on the Version of “一个女人是这样衰老的” 一个女人是这样衰老的 SV：How a Woman Ages/A Woman’s Aging/A Woman Fades Thus/What causes a Woman to Grow Old/The Way in Which a woman is Aging/How a Woman Gets Old RV: The Way Woman Withers 点评：Rhetorical Device: distillation and aesthetic hightlights of language, either Chinese or English/The successful employment of alliteration(头韵) 1．二十岁的时候，我穿着一条背心式牛仔裙在校园里走来走去，一说话就脸红。三十岁的我穿着名牌套装，坐在办公桌前，满脸冷酷地对下属说：“这么愚蠢的问题你也敢问？也不先打个草稿。”SV: At the age of twenty, I walked about on the campus, wearing a vestlike jean skirt. My face would turn red whenever I speak. After I have turned thirty, I am seated in front of a bureau, in a suit of famous brand, reproaching a subordinate coldly “How dare you ask such a stupid question? Why didn’t you make a draft first?” RV: At the age of twenty, wearing a jeans jumper, I moved about on the campus, my face blushing the moment I had the inclination to make an
汉译英在线翻译句子
[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”
翻译 中英对译 英文散文赏析
原文 巷 柯灵译者-张培基 巷，是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文，一幅古雅冲淡的图画①。这种巷，常在江南的小城市中，有如古代的少女，躲在僻静的深闺，轻易不肯抛头露面②。你要在这种城市里住久了,和它真正成了莫逆，你才有机会看见她③，接触到她优娴贞静的风度。 人耐心静静走去，要老半天才走完。它又这么曲折, 什么时候，你向巷中踅去，都如宁静的黄昏，可以清晰地听到自己的 斑斑驳驳的苔痕，墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴 的藤萝，简直像古朴的屏风。春来 小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论是谁， 你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和肃杀⑩。它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷(11)，家家有自 己的一本哀乐帐， 使人忘忧。 译文 The Lane Ke Ling The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity①.
a small the lane, a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance long time.③ The does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it seems ⑤when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there⑥. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the , which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, ⑧waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians. The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you in the lane for a while⑨, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness⑩. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern (11)where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of （12）The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.
汉译英翻译技巧分析解析资料讲解
汉译英翻译技巧 一、分清主从(Subordination) 汉语句中各分句关系比较松散，所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。句中重点往往在后。英译时，要突出重点或主句，其他部分可分别用介词短语，非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。 1、没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。 Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production proceed. 2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。 The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti- hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists. 3、有人以为社会主义就了不起，一点缺点也没有，哪有这个事? Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can that be true? 4、但是，象我们常说的那样，道路总是曲折的，前途总是光明的。 But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is bright. 二、选词用字（Diction） 在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。 1、每个民族都有它的长处，不然它为什么能存在？为什么能发展？ Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress? 2、树雄心，立壮志，向科学技术现代化进军。 Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution of modernization of science and technology. 3、我国的社会主义建设，需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结， 天下大治的局面。 For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order. 4、论技术，她那时还不如我，但思想却比我高得多。 Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was head and shoulders above me. 三、增益（Ampification） 汉译英时的“增益”技巧的运用,有时是为了使英美人理解原文的精确含义,有时是为了遵循英语的行文习惯。 1、交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can you do your work well. （英语行文时人称代词，物主代词用得较多） 2、她挑水，生炉子，洗东西，忙个不停。 Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every minute. (增益为了意译) 3、他们一听说有新任务，就坐不往了。
汉译英的几种翻译技巧
汉译英的几种常用技巧（一）常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译（省译）3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到
2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。
汉译英短文翻译
在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说，这是开始。一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。大家通过各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳，在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸给人们带来了喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。 In previous/former agricultural society, the Spring Festival was the most important holiday in China.It is the end of the past year and the beginning of the next. As soon as the twelfth month of the lunar year begins, streets are filled with an atmosphere of celebrating the Spring Festival for a month and a half. People relax and get rid of the past year’s hard work by a variety of entertainment with a sense of optimism and enterprise. During the holiday, Spring Festival couplets are put on the door of every household. The shining red paper brings happiness to people, and the elegant/graceful words offers encouragement. 上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际化大都市。改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展、社会秩序稳定、人们安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华景象。今天，尽管上海色彩斑斓的过去还值得留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东则展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日，光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。 Shanghai is a dynamic, vigorous and diversified international metropolis. Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, Shanghai has witnessed tremendous changes that attract worldwide attention. With rapid economic development, stable social order as well as peaceful and contented life and work of its people, Shanghai presents a scene of great prosperity. Today, though Shanghai’s glorious past is still worth remembering and savoring, its ever-changing image has filled more and more people with admiration. Puxi represents Shanghai’s splendid past, while Pudong unfolds its bright future. Like a rising sun, Shanghai is shining strikingly with great brilliance. 古时候的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画自娱自乐。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏反映了作者人格的高低。因此，弹琴、下棋、书法和绘画，都代表了一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。下棋不是为了胜负，而是磨练耐性，使人目光眼大。书法不仅要把字写得漂亮，也是为了陶冶情操。绘画则是通过简单的线条，展现自己想象的世界。 In ancient times, scholars enjoyed themselvesby music, chess, calligraphy and painting at their leisure/in their spare time. In the eyes of Chinese people, the quality of artwork is a reflection of the character of its creator. Therefore, playing music, playing chess, practicing calligraphy and painting show one’s culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to broaden his horizons and purify his soul. By playing chess, one does not aim to win but to test his patience and sharpen his foresight. By practicing calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to cultivate his mind. By painting, one creates his imaginary world with simple lines.
英汉翻译评析
《长恨歌》翻译评析 长恨歌 许渊冲译 The Everlasting Regret 汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。 The beauty-loving monarch longed year after year To find a beautiful lady without peer. 杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。 A maiden of the Yangs* to womanhood just grown. In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown. 天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。 Endowed with natural beauty too hard to hide, One day she stood selected for the monarch’s side. 回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。 Turning her head, she smiled so sweet and full of grace That she outshone in six palaces the fairest face. 评：在最后一句“回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色”中，译者将“百媚”翻译为“full of grace”,在此处应取“elegance and beauty of movement or expression， a beautiful figure which she used in subtle movements of unparalleled grace”这一义，我认为此处强调的是“媚”这个字，这种美是无人能比的，以至于六宫粉黛无颜色，所以在翻译之时，可以把这种媚翻译成魅力，而且是“百媚”，此处“百”又不是真的“hundred”，而是一种“end of beauty, end of charm”。 评：最后一句“六宫”翻译成six places 非常生硬，感觉没有体现中国古典文化中六宫的含义。同时fairest face 也太过于字面化，没有什么美感。回眸直接翻译为turning her head也是过于直接，体现不出古典诗歌所要表达的美。 评：第二句杨家有女初长成中，womanhood just grow，womanhood 略感多余，前面已经用了maiden，意透露性别信息，无需再次强调女性身份，第三句中天
汉译英短文翻译精选
汉译英短文翻译 1 近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字） 难点注释： 1）城市化urbanization 2）加速阶段an accelerating phase 3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems 4）远非?一所能及surpass 5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit 2 世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字） 难点注释： 1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 2）头号罪魁the chief culprit 3）使……丧失deprive of 4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV 3 当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字） 难点注释： 1）传真机fax machines 2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment 3）占主导地位dominate 4 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字） 难点注释： 1）数码相机digital camera 2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards 3）按快门press the shutter 4）液晶显示屏the LCD screen 5
汉译英赏析例文1
《中国翻译》余光中《尺素寸心》 原文结构： 第一段：回信的痛苦会减少读信时的快乐。 第二段：回信固然痛苦，不回信也未必就快乐。写到不回信的心理挣扎。 第三段：真正要回信时面临的一系列麻烦问题。以及作者对回信和友谊深浅之间的关系的一些思考。 原文印象： 这篇《尺素寸心》字里行间流露着作者余光中丰富的情感和敏锐的观察力以及想象力。读来趣味横生，令人回味无穷。文风诙谐幽默，通俗易懂。从文中可以看出，能写出此种文章的大家一定是对生活有着无比的热情，对人生经历有着深入的思考，对人情世故有着透彻的了解甚至是洞察。 佳句佳译赏析： 1. 接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风云的航空信，确是人生一大快事，如果无需回信的话。 To get letters from friends, especially airmail letters from overseas that bear the stamp of exotic climes, is unquestionably one of life’s greatest pleasures, provided, that is, that they do not call for a reply. 原句就很有意思，前面读来语意流畅完整，直到最后杀出一句“如果无需回信的话”，令读者立刻心生共鸣，感到确实是如此。笔锋由此
一转，便十分明确地点出了本文的中心主题，就是回信的麻烦。说到用词，就是“犹带着异国风云的航空信”很有意思，不同于普通的表达法，而是将信赋之以动感，让人可以联想到一封信的长途跋涉的旅途过程，颇有趣味，这是作者幽默清新文风的一个体现。 译文翻译得很精彩。把“犹带着异国风云”译成“bear the stamp of exotic climes”，此处stamp本意为印记，标志，在这里要联系上下文进行适当的增词，虽然原文没有明确说明“印记”一词，但字里行间的意思正式如此，因此这是“stamp”用得好的原因之一。原因之二就是，“stamp”还有一常见意思为“邮票”，此处有双关之意，信件本来就是附带邮票的，所以此处译得很妙。把“异国风云”译成“exotic climes”也很精准。 2. 久不回信，屡不回信，接信之乐必然就相对减少，以至于无，这时，友情便暂告中断了，直到有一天在赎罪的心情下，你毅然回起信来。 The inevitable consequence of tardiness or infrequency in answering letters is a corresponding reductioning, and ultimate cessation of, the pleasure of receiving letters, in which case friendship is prematurely broken off, until the day in sackcloth and ashes you summon up the willpower to put pen to paper again. 原句中一开始就运用四字四字的小短句，将意思清楚简练地表现出来，又不失文学色彩，令人眼前一亮。此处其实略带文言色彩，不过是采用极简单的方式，因此仍然明白易懂。“毅然”一词用得精妙，