高考英语上海名词知识点单元汇编及解析

高考英语上海名词知识点单元汇编及解析

一、选择题

1．He gained ______ to this university

A．permission B．accommodation C．scholarship D．admission 2．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the

latest_______ in Shanghai in August.

A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion

3．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake.

A．edge B．course C．exit

4．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value

5．Space exploration provides a ______ of national pride.

A．reason B．portrait C．statue D．symbol

6．Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A．instructions B．solution C．descriptions D．message 7．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________.

A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol

8．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products.

A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 9．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day.

A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal

10．---What's new?

---The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel ____ , also known as chunyun, will ___ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.

A．dash; kick out B．rush; kick off C．flow; kick in D．jam; kick up 11．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________.

A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program

12．It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be.

A．reaction B．opinion C．comment D．impression 13．Due to the ________ of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage.

A．appreciation B．application

C．appointment D．approach

14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China.

A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality

15．Jane is nice but she has a ______ to talk too much.

A．trend B．tendency C．tension D．threat

16．The literature masterpiece Macbeth by Shakespeare will be better understood if readers look

at the tragedy in the historical _________ of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, an era of relative stability.

A．content B．contest C．context D．contact 17．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________．

A．consequence B．independence

C．competence D．intelligence

18．The good news that he got a_________to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family. A．prospect B．promotion C．priority D．privilege 19．Festival celebrations provide a(n) ____ to celebrate together, sharing warmth and good times. A．pipe B．patent C．avenue D．antique

20．It is clear that in modern society high ______ and demands are placed on students. A．motivations B．expectations C．standards D．opportunities 21．In the________of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term. A．presence B．charge C．control D．absence 22．Training of the employees was suggested as one _____ to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.

A．method B．way

C．approach D．means

23．Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country and has been put on the top of________at two sessions.

A．agenda B．subject C．directory D．seminar

24．He wins the Nobel Prize for his outstanding _________to physics.

A．contribution B．conclusion C．addition D．explanation 25．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library.

A．access B．passage C．way D．approach

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除

一、选择题

1．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被这所大学录取。A. permission允许；B. accommodation膳食，住宿；C. scholarship奖学金；D. admission进入许可录用。短语gain admission to“获准入学，获准进入”。故选D项。

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。

3．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站在水边眺望湖对岸。A. edge边缘；B. course课程，过程；

C. exit出口。根据生活常识，是站在水边眺望，故选A。

4．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：够了！这里没人认为你说的话有任何意义。A. excuse借口，理由；

B. sense感知；

C. use使用；

D. value价值。固定搭配：make any sense讲不通，有任何意义，结合句意。故选B。

【点睛】

make构成的短语

make up 组成，构成，化妆，编造，和好如初；be made of 由---构成（能看出原材料）；be made from由---构成（不能看出原材料）； be made into 被制成了---；be made up of 由---组成；be made in由某地制成； make friends 交朋友； make preparations for 为---做准备；make oneself done 使某人自己被---。

这些都是make的常用，常考短语，记住并能在语境中准确使用，本题考查的是make和sense的搭配。

5．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：太空探索是民族自豪感的象征。A. reason原因，理由；B. portrait 肖像；C. statue地位；D. symbol符号，象征。根据句意，太空探索是充满民族自豪感的。选项D切题，故选D。

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你使用新电脑前，一定要阅读说明书上的说明。A. instructions指示，说明；B. solution解决方法；C. descriptions描述；D. message信息。结合句意可知，此处用“说明”符合语境，故选A项。

7．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：铁穆特欧有一个不同寻常的工作——人体交通信号灯。A. sign 符号；B. signal信号；C. mark记号；D. symbol象征。这里指“交通信号灯”，所以用traffic signal。故选B。

【点睛】

名词mark、sign、signal和symbol的区别：

mark (标志，标记)事物留下的印迹/标记或有别于其他事物的特征，比如trade marks；sign (标记，符号)=symbol；指示牌、告示牌、店牌等；比喻“征兆，迹象”；

signal (信号，暗号)常指约定俗成，用于传达某些信息的信号，可以灯光，声音或图画的形式来表现。

symbol (象征，符号)指人们用某物体或图案代表另一事物，并作为该事物的标记或象征。本题根据“Timoteo has an unusual job”可知，Timoteo扮演的是“人体交通信号灯”，所以用human traffic signal，从而选择出正确的答案。

8．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场发布展示会进展非常顺利，几乎所有到场的听众都向我们的5G产品咨询更多的信息。A. conservation保护；B. imagination想象力；C. presentation 展示；D. qualification资格。结合句意可知，此处用“展示”符合语境，故选C项。

9．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在国庆节挂国旗的习俗在全国许多地方是很常见的景象。A. sight景象，指眼见的景色，如城市景象或自然风光，也指人造景物或奇特的景象；B. scenery风景，指某一国家或地区的群山、森林等自然风景；C. sign签名；D. signal信号。

此处国庆节挂国旗为人造景象应用sight。故选A。

10．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析和动词短语词义辨析。句意：---有什么新消息？---即将到来的40天的春运高峰期，又称春运，将于1月10日拉开序幕，2月18日结束。A. dash破折号; kick out 撵走；B. rush 高峰期； kick off 开始；C. flow 流动 ; kick in 药物开始起作用；D. jam 拥挤; kick up 出故障。由“The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival”可知，第一个空在说春运高峰期。由“end on Feb 18”可知，第二个空在说春运的开始时间。end与kick off“开始”相对应。故选B项。

11．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：应该鼓励所有的孩子充分发挥他们的潜力。A. impact影响；B. recognition认出; 识别；承认；C. potential潜力; 潜质；D. program程序。结合语境可知，孩子应该被鼓励开发其潜能。故选C项。

12．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：很难猜测他对这个消息会有什么反应。A. reaction反应；B. opinion 观点；C. comment评论；D. impression印象。分析句子可知，应是很难猜测他对消息的反应是什么。故选A。

13．B

解析：B

【解析】

试题分析：appreciation感谢，欣赏，application应用，申请，appointment约会，approach 方法，接近。句意：由于这种医疗技术的应用，一些疾病可以在早期得到治疗。

考点：名词

14．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：改革开放政策实施以来，中国人民的生活质量有了很大的提

高。A. quantity数量；B. quality质量；C. activity活动；D. reality现实。根据后文of life has greatly improved可知是指生活质量有了很大提高，应用quality。故选B。

15．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：简人很好，但她话太多。A. trend趋势，走向；trend towards/in sth. 动态；B. tendency趋势，癖好；tendency (for sb./sth.) to do sth.倾向；偏好；C. tension 紧张，张力；D. threat 威胁。根据题干中搭配的介词是to, tendency to do sth. 表示“简喜欢说太多的话”。故选B。

16．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者们如果关注伊丽莎白一世和詹姆斯一世那段相对稳定的时代的历史背景下的悲剧，就能更好地理解莎士比亚的文学著作《麦克白》。A. content内容；B. contest比赛；C. context环境，上下文；D. contact联系。这里联系the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods，要用historical context表示“历史背景”。故选C项。

17．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A. consequence 结果； B. independence独立； C. competence 资格，能力，胜任，称职；D. intelligence 智力。根据句意，C项符合此处语境。故选C。

18．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他晋升为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。A. prospect前途；B. promotion升职，晋升；C. priority优先权；D. privilege特权。结合后文to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.可知此处指晋升（promotion）为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。get a promotion“得到晋升”。故选B。

19．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：节日庆典提供了一个共同庆祝，分享温暖和美好时光的途径。

A.pipe 管道；

B. patent 专利；

C. avenue 大街，渠道，途径；

D. antique 古董。分析句子，根据划线后的分享温暖和美好时光可知，这是节日提供给我们的一个途径。故选C项。20．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，现代社会对学生寄予了很高的期望和要求。A. motivations动机；B. expectations期待；C. standards标准；D. opportunities机会。通过句意可知，我们社会对孩子们寄予了更高的期待和要求。所以B项expectations(期待)满足句意。故此题选B。

21．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏更一步的证据，警察不能在短时间内解决这桩谋杀案。A. presence在场；B. charge管理；C. control控制；D. absence缺席。根据,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.可知，此处考查固定短语in the absence of“缺乏”，故选D项。

22．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工培训被认为是解决效率低下问题的一种方法。A. method方法；B. way方法，道路；C. approach方法，方式，接近；D. means手段，方法。固定搭配：approach to…“.…..的方法”。故选C。

23．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：脱贫攻坚是国家工作的重中之重，也是两会的重要议题。A.

agenda议程；B. subject 科目；C. directory 目录；D. seminar讨论会。根据Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country此处指两会的“议程”是脱贫攻坚。故选A。

24．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因对物理学的突出贡献而获得了诺贝尔奖。A. contribution贡献；B. conclusion结论；C. addition增加，附加物；D. explanation解释。根据“He wins the Nobel Prize”可知，此处指对物理学的突出“贡献”。故选A项。

25．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：该系统旨在让学生快速、方便地访问图书馆的数字资源。A. access使用/进入的机会；B. passage通道，走廊；C. way方法，道路；D. approach接近，靠近。短语easy access to意思为“容易访问，轻松接近，容易获得”。故选A项。

2016年上海市高考英语试卷及答案

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高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1)

高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1) 一、选择题 1．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 5．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 8．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein. —It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg! A．no doubt B．no surprise C．no way D．no need 9．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 10．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate. A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation 11．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health. A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States. A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands

上海高考英语新题型集锦

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