高二下学期英语期末考试复习

2018高二下学期英语期末考试复习

Unit4 Body language

一．单词考点

Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending

1.statement n[C,U]声明，陈述，报告；说明；表白

搭配：

a statement on/about sth.关于某事/某物的声明(陈述)

make/issue a statement发表声明

a public/a written/an official statement公开/书面/正式声明

eg:A government spokesman made a statement to the press about this accident.

注：state v“陈述，阐明，声明；指定(日期、地点、价钱等)”

“状态，状况，情况”

n

eg:①The spokesman stated that the treaty(条约)would be signed on 15th June.

②The room was in a very dirty state.

2.greet vt“(和某人)打招呼或问好；欢迎；迎接”

搭配：

greet sb.with...用……向某人打招呼(欢迎某人)

eg:We greeted our teacher with a smile.

3.represent vt用法

⑴“代表；象征，表示”

eg:A dove(鸽子)represents peace.

⑵描绘；成为……实例

搭配：

represent...as...把……描绘成……

represent sth.to sb.向某人描绘某事/某物

represent oneself as/to be...自称是……

eg:①He presents himself as a friend of the president.

②He represented his country at the conference.

区别：represent,stand for

⑴represent“表示，代表，说明”多用于实体代表，有被动。

⑵stand for“代表，意味”多用于抽象事物代表。一般指符号或标志等，无被动。eg:①The dove represents peace.

②U.N stands for the United Nations.

4.association n的用法

⑴[C]协会，社团，联盟(注：作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。) eg:We formed an association to help people in trouble.

⑵[C,U](与某人、社团或组织的)联系，关联；交往

搭配：

in association with...与……联合/合作

have (no)association with...与……有(没有)联系

eg:He has no association with foreigners.

注：associate vt“联系；结合”

搭配：

associate...with...把……与……结合起来

be associated with与……有联系

eg:He associates politics with war.

5.curiously adv—curious adj好奇的，求知欲强的—curiosity n好奇心

搭配：

be curious about...对……好奇

be curious to do...极想做……

in/with curiosity好奇的

out of curiosity出于好奇

eg:People are curious about everything they see.

6.approach的用法

⑴作n时，[C]“路径，道路，通道”；“(待人接物或思考问题的)方法，方式，态度”[U]“接近，靠近(可指距离或时间)”

搭配：

an approach to sth.做某事的方式/方法

eg:①The best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken English.

②All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.

③Our approach frightened the birds away.

⑵“接近，靠近(可指距离或时间)”

eg:Spring is coming.

注：与approach一样可以与介词to搭配的名词有：answer/key,entrance,visit(or),way/road,guide, monument等。

区别：approach,way,means,method

⑴approach指接近某人、某物，也可指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法。常与介词to连用。

⑵way多指一般的思想、行动、做事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。其前的介词常用in，其后的介词用of,也可跟不定式。

⑶means用于抽象意义时，指为达到某一目的所采用的策略；用于具体意义时，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料等。其前介词用by，其后介词用of。

⑷method指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法。其前介词用with,其后介词用of。

[U]防御；保卫；辩护

7.defence

n

搭配：

come/rush to one’s defence出来保护某人

in defence (of)保护；为了保卫(……)；为……辩护

in one’s defence站在某人一边；为某人辩护

eg:Two of his friends came to her defence.

注：defend

“保护，保卫；辩护”

vt

搭配：

defend...from/against...保护/保卫……免受……；为……辩解而反驳……

eg:Their duty is to defend the country against the enemy.

8.major的用法

⑴作adj时，“主要的，重要的；大的(一般作前置定语)”

搭配：

play a major role in sth.在某事中起主要作用

eg:A major earthquake happened in Japan on March 11th ,2011.

⑵作n时，[C]“主修课程；专业课”

eg:His major is economics at college.

⑶作vi时，“主修”

搭配：

major in主修

eg:She majors in management.That is,her major is management.

注：major及其反义词minor都无比较级，与to连用；而不与than连用。此类词还有superior(优秀的，高级的)；senior(年长的)；junior(年少的)；inferior(较差的，级别低的)。

区别：major,main,chief,leading

⑴major指几方中某一方比较重要，比较有影响力。

⑵main强调在一系列事物中，数量、规模、功能及重要性都大于其他同类事物。

⑶chief主要用于表示人或物在顺序或级别方面占首位。

⑷leading指人或物在某方面起带头作用或占主导地位。

[C,U]“误解，误会”

9.misunderstanding

n

搭配：

misunderstanding of/about sth.关于某事的误会

misunderstanding between A and B A与B之间的误解

eg:We had a little misunderstanding with our neighbors last night.

10.on the contrary“与此相反，正相反”用于说明与前面所述事情相反；作状语时，位置灵活。

eg:—I think you like rock music.

—On the contrary,it’s too noisy.

contrary短语：

to the contrary完全不同的(地)

(be)on the contrary与……相反

be contrary to sth.与……相反

quite the contrary正相反，恰恰相反

11.misunderstand vt误解；误会—misunderstanding n误解；误会

eg:He misunderstood what I said.

12.be likely to do sth.可能做某事

eg:In my opinion,he is likely to win the game.

区别：likely,possible,probable

⑴根据程度差别的大小，排序为：probable(十有八九)＞likely(十有五六)＞possible(十有一二).

⑵以人或物作主语时，只能用likely.

⑶likely用法为:It is likely that从句.或Sb./Sth. is likely to do.

⑷It is probable that从句.

⑸It is possible that从句/(for sb.)to do(注：作表语时，主语不能是人。)

13.in general(=generally speaking)“总地来说；从整体上看”“通常；大体上”作插入语，一般位于句首。

eg:①In general,the standard of your study is very high.

②I think people now are giving much thought to (关注)the environment.

Section C Using Language

1.misread

(misread,misread)“读错，误读”“误解”

vt

搭配：

misread...as...把……误读为……

eg:①I misread “son”as “soon”.

②He saw me hesitate and misread the situation.

2.function的用法

⑴作n时，[C]“作用，功能，职责”

搭配：

perform many different functions履行许多不同的职责

perform an important function起重要作用

perform/serve a function尽到职责

eg:The function of a cash-machine is to provide people with cash when the bank is shut.

⑵作vi时，“起作用；正常工作；运转”

搭配：

function as起……作用，具有……功能

eg:①The sofa functions as a bed at night.

②This sofa can also function as a bed.

3.at ease“舒适，不费力气，放心，轻松”

搭配：

with ease“容易地”

put sb.at ease使不受拘束，使舒适

take one's ease休息，放松一下

stand at ease稍息

eg:When you feel nervous,you’d better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease.

其中：ease n[U]舒适，安逸，自在；容易，不费劲

ease v减轻，缓解，(使)宽慰；缓和，放松

eg:I eased her mind by telling her that the children were safe.

4.lose face丢脸；失面子

eg:Tom felt he lost face when his teacher scolded him in front of the class.

face短语：

in the face of...面对……；不顾；尽管

face to face面对面地

look sb.in the face直视某人

make a face做鬼脸

save one's face挽回面子

show one's face露面，到场

to one's face当着某人的面，直接地，直率地

5.turn one’s back to sb./sth.转身背对某人/某物；背叛，抛弃

eg:①When on stage,try not to turn your back to the audience.

②Why did you suddenly turn your back to our appointment?

有关turn构成的短语：

turn on打开

turn down调低；拒绝

turn up调高；出现，露面

turn off关掉

turn over翻转；移交

turn out结果是；生产；出席，在场

turn back翻回；折回去

turn away转过脸去

turn to转向；向……求助

turn (a)round转身，(使)好转

turn a deaf ear to sth.对……充耳不闻(置若罔闻)

turn one’s nose up at sth.瞧不起(轻视)……

shut/close one’s eyes to sth.对……视而不见

6.look away from不看，不注视；把目光从……上移开

eg:Don’t look away from me when I’m speaking to you.

有关look的短语：

look back on sth.回忆/回顾/回首某事

look down on/upon sb./sth.轻视/看不起……

look forward to sb./sth.(高兴地)盼望/期待……

look out for sb./sth.当心/提防……

look to sb.for sth.指望/依赖/期待某人提供……

look on sb./sth.as...把……看作……

7.表示部分否定的几种形式

not always...并非总是……

not all...不是所有都……

not...all...不……所有……(=all...not...)

not both...并非两者都……(both...not...)

not every(-)...不……所有……

not every(-)...不是每个……都……

eg:He is not always late for school.

I didn't take all the photos by myself.

注：对以上进行全部否定时，要用与之相对应的否定词none,neither,never,no(-)。eg:①He is never late for school.

②None of them can make wine.

二．课文考点

Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending

[C]“介绍，引进”

1.introduce“介绍”“引进，引入，使初次了解”—introduction

n

搭配：

introduce sb.to sb.把某人介绍给某人

introduce...to...使……初次了解/尝试……

introduce oneself to sb.向某人作自我介绍

introduce sth.into someplace.把某物引入某地

eg:I’d like to introduce my friend to you.

2.kiss sb.on the cheek亲吻某人的脸颊

eg:The mother kissed her child on the cheek and said good night.

注：常用vt.+sb.+in/on/by...+the+人体部位结构的动词有：hit/strike/touch/pat/take/pull/grasp/ hold/lead等。

“看来，似乎，好像”的用法

3.appear

系动词

搭配：

appear n/adj/to do好像……

It appears that...似乎……

There appears to be...好像……

eg:①It appears that we have misread our chance.

②She didn't appear at all surprised at the news.

③There appears to be a mistake in these figures.

4.as if in defence.的用法

本句是省略句式。在交际时，为了简练而不引起歧义，常使用省略句。

eg:I’ll ask you for help if (it is)necessary.

注：类似的省略句式有if so/if not/if possible/if necessary/if any/if any等。

3.book“预定”“给(某人)预定飞机等座位”的用法

eg:I’ve booked you on the 10 o’clock flight.

区别：book,order

⑴book指预定“票、座位、房间等”。

⑵order指订购“货物、饭菜、衣物等”。

4.mean“意欲，打算”“意味着，意思是”“具有价值(重要性)”“有成为……可能”的用法

搭配：

mean (doing)sth.意味着……，意思是……

mean to do sth.意欲做某事，打算做某事

mean sb.to do sth.打算要某人做某事

mean sth.to sb.对某人有价值或重要

mean sb.for sth.想要某人成为……

eg:①I’m sorry I hurt you,but I didn’t mean to.

②To a certain extent,to raise wages means increasing purchasing power.

5.from side to side从一边到另一边，来来回回

eg:The cow’s tail flicks(甩)from side to side.

注：from...to...的常用结构

from cover to cover从头到尾

from day to day一天一天地

from door to door挨家挨户

from first to last自始至终

from house to house挨家挨户

from head to foot从头到脚

from mouth to mouth口口相传

from morning to night从早到晚

from top to bottom从头到脚

from time to time有时，偶尔

from beginning to end自始至终

from west to east从西到东

from hand to hand从一人之手到另一人之手

side by side肩并肩；相互支持

shoulder to shoulder肩并肩；并肩工作、战斗等，团结一致

6.be wrong about误解，弄错

eg:You were wrong about Tom;he’s not married.

有关wrong的短语：

be wrong to do sth.做某事是不道德的

be wrong with sb./sth.某人/物有毛病/不正常

do wrong to sb.(=do sb.wrong)误解某人，不公正地对待某人

go wrong犯错误，出故障

Section C Using Language

1.it作形式主语

it作形式主语代替真正的主语——不定式(或不定式的复合结构)，动名词(动名词的复合结构)或从句。

常用结构为：

⑴It’s+adj.+for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。

⑵It’s+adj.+of sb.to do sth. 某人做某事是……。

⑶It’s no use doing sth. 做某事没有用。

⑷It will be useless doing sth.. 做某事将没有用。

⑸It’s said/reported/believed/announced that从句. 据说/据报道/有人认为/据宣布……。

⑹It’s a pity/shame/wonder that从句. 可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是……。

⑺It happens/appears/seems(vi)that从句. 恰巧/看上去/好像……

⑻It doesn’t interest me whether从句. 能否……我并不感兴趣。

⑼It’s up to sb.to do sth.. 做……是某人的义务/职责。

2.though adv.“不过，可是”，用于句中或句末。

另外，though可作连词用，“尽管”(=although=while=as)；但as作“尽管”要用倒装结构。eg:Two heart attacks in a year.it hasn't stopped him smoking though.

三．语法知识

V.-ing形式作定语和状语

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