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对_劳动_内涵的不同理解可能引起的汉译英问题

对_劳动_内涵的不同理解可能引起的汉译英问题
对_劳动_内涵的不同理解可能引起的汉译英问题

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平时我们在工作中用英语翻译一些带有汉语“劳

动”一词的语句时一般都想当然地采用字面翻译的

方法,很少考虑这个词的意识形态内涵。殊不知这

种望文生义、貌合神离的手法是翻译工作者的大忌,

特别是在向国外发布的新闻作品中如果完全采用字

面翻译的方法,则可能引起不必要的反感和误会。

把“劳动”翻译成英语,我们一般直接用labor

一词。比如,对于常常出现在汉语中的“劳动改

造”、“劳动教养”和“劳动教育”等词语,我们翻

译界比较流行的译法是把它们分别翻译成reform

through labor, education through labor / rehabilitation

through labor和 education in the love of labor。但问

题是,英语labor一词本身就带有一定的感情色

彩,根据美国最具权威的《韦氏第三版新国际词

典》未删节版(Webster’s Third New International

Dictionary, Unabridged)所给的定义(expenditure

of physical or mental effort especially when fatiguing,

difficult, or compulsory),此英文单词主要指疲乏、

困难和带强制性的体力或脑力活动。在西方的文

献中,带有labor一词的比较典型的词组有labor

camp(劳改营)、penal labor/punitive labor(刑罚性

的劳动)、prison labor/convict labor/hard labor(监

狱劳工)、slavery and forced labor(奴隶制和强迫

劳动)、 child labor(童工)、bonded labor/indentured

labor(抵债劳动或契约劳工及包身工), 而这些词

语在具体的使用中往往带有政治色彩,其共同的

特征就是限制和束缚从事劳动的个人的自由。

从以上的分析可以看出,汉语“劳动”一词

转换成英语的“labor”后,其所代表的涵义已经

走样了,而这种现象主要是东西方意识形态的差

异造成的。

从汉语看,“劳动”一词本身尽管并不带有褒

义或贬意,也没有感情色彩,但却是一个具有积极

意义的词。在我国意识形态领域居于主导地位的

马克思主义更是赋予“劳动”以崇高的地位。在

马克思主义者看来,“劳动”创造了人类的一切,

包括人本身,正是“劳动”把人和动物区别开来了。

应该说, reform through labor, education through

labor / rehabilitation through labor和 education in the

love of labor这几种翻译方法从字面看都没有问题,

反映了汉语“劳动改造”、

“劳动教养”和“劳动教育”

的字面意思。不过,我们想要通过这些英文词语所

传达的信息,西方主流社会人士却不大可能真正理

解。笔者认为,这个问题可以从几个方面来看:

第一,与我国普遍认为劳动有益于人格改造,

天经地义地对人(包括犯人)具有好处不同,西方

主流社会对劳动在改造人格上所起的作用上是有

相当大的争议的。比如在美国,反对和支持使用监

狱劳工两大阵营多年来一直在进行激烈辩论,各

持己见。据美国三大报之一的《纽约时报》2000

年3月19日发表的一篇报道透露,一部分执法部

门官员认为监狱劳工有利于改造犯人,参加过劳

动的刑满释放人员再犯罪的机会较低。但反对使

用监狱劳工的人士则批评推行监狱劳工隐藏着践

踏人权的潜在危险,危及到监狱外一般工人的就

业机会。第二,即使让囚犯工作被认为对改造犯人

具有一定的作用,这种作用在西方主流社会一般

人士眼里也是比较小的,绝对达不到劳动本身导

致心灵净化的高度。在西方,监狱的功能主要还是

让罪犯们得到他们应受的惩罚,而且惩罚要与犯

罪的严重性相适应。通过惩罚的威慑督促社会公

众遵守法律。根据这样的思维模式,犯罪被认为是

行为人自由意志的体现和选择,所以犯罪人应对

他们自己的行为负责任,而更新改造不应作为矫

正工作的主要目的。在惩罚的过程中适当开展一

些矫正工作也是需要的,但它并不是必不可少的。对“劳动”内涵的不同理解可能引起的汉译英问题

谢桥中国国际广播电台

摘要:本文通过对东西方文化和意识形态的差异,以及宗教等因素的分析比较,探讨了对“劳动”内涵的不同理解可能引起的汉译英问题,特别强调,翻译工作者在外宣中要讲求针对性,要努力避免西方受众产生不必要的联想,引起对方反感。

关键词:劳动;犯人;罪

中图分类号:H059 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-873X (2011) 04-0082-02

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第三,根据西方主流宗教基督教的“原罪论”,人是上帝创造的,人类的始祖亚当和夏娃违反神的命令偷吃禁果有罪,导致所有人生来都有罪, 只有通过信仰耶稣基督,真诚悔改,才能得到赦免,而且这种上天堂的恩典是上帝白白赐给的,不需要藉着任何付出,劳动改造显然是达不到这一目标的。也就是说,一个人光靠做好事或者劳动等行为都不够赎自己的罪,这就像做工的人得工资,不算恩典,而是他应得的。《圣经·以弗所书》2章8、9节对此问题就有明确的阐述,“你们得救是本乎恩,也因着信。这并不是出于自己,乃是神所赐的;也不是出于行为,免得有人自夸。”

总之,“劳动光荣”的思想并没有在大多数西方国家成为全民共识,更不用说让犯人接受劳动改造的做法了。另外,由于西方媒体的长期宣传,普通大众潜移默化地受到各种敌视社会主义国家观点的影响,往往把劳动改造和“劳改犯”以及“强迫劳动”、“劳改营”等带有一定政治色彩的概念联系起来,把强迫劳动改造制度与侵犯人权的行为划上了等号。因此,笔者建议,在碰到此类词语翻译的时候,我们可以采取一些规避的方法:

首先,在翻译对劳改犯进行改造的问题时,尽量避免labor (劳动)一词,比如可以把“劳动改造”笼统地翻译为criminal reformation, the reformation of criminals (对罪犯的改造和感化);“劳动教养”可以翻译成education of offenders ,“工读学校”翻译成 youth reform school 或者correctional facility 就可以了;劳改场地的翻译方法也应避免“劳动”一词,比如“劳教中心”可以翻译为center for reforming criminals 或 center for educating offenders ,“劳改农场”可以翻译成farm for reforming offenders ;这样就把“劳动”在改造罪犯中的作用给淡化了。从语词结构上讲劳动改造由“劳动”与“改造”两个词语组成。应该说,劳动实际上只是一种手段,改造才是真正的目的。中国监狱改造犯人的手段多种多样,劳动只是其中的一个手段,其它手段还包括教育改造和心理矫治等。所谓教育改造主要是指监狱在执行刑罚的过程中,对罪犯进行有组织、有计划的系统性教育活动,它的目的与劳动改造在根本上是一致的,是为了让罪犯能够顺利回归社会,不致重新犯罪。纵观我国对服刑人员改造的历史,可以看出,劳动从来就不是改造犯人的唯一手段,对犯人的改造所涉及的领域其实从一开始就比劳动要丰富得多。我们在翻译带有汉语“劳动”一词的语句时,完全没有必要按照汉语的习惯进行字面的一对一的翻译。这样字面翻译的后果只会给西方的敌对势力攻击我国的社会主义制度制造口舌,同时让西方主流社会的受众对我国产生不必要的误解。

其次,我们在翻译时可以用英语的work (工作)一词来代替Labor ,以达到淡化“劳动”的目的。英语中的work 一词是相当中性的。根据美国权威的《韦氏大学字典》第十一版所给出的定

义(a: sustained physical or mental effort to overcome obstacles and achieve an objective or result. b: the labor, task, or duty that is one ’s accustomed means of livelihood. c: a specific task, duty, function, or assignment often being a part or phase of some larger activity.),此英文单词主要指为达到某种目标所从事的持续体力或脑力活动,或指从事惯常谋生的劳动、任务和职责。英语中常见这样的短语,如“I like work ”(我喜欢工作),“I love work ”(我热爱工作),“When work is pleasure, life is joy ”(当工作令人愉悦的时候,生活就是喜乐。)这些英语词语里表达的“工作”概念和汉语的“劳动”概念其实没有本质的不同。所以,我们可以把“劳动态度”翻译成attitude towards work, 把

“劳动教育”翻译成education in the love of work, 而“劳动自觉性”则可以翻译成 work initiative 等,这样就可以避免西方读者产生不必要的联想,完全符合西方的主流价值观念。尽可能用work 代替labor 还有另一个好处,就是间接宣传了我国历来要求的平等对待服刑人员的政策。而且从英语的语境和词语的搭配习惯上来看,attitude toward labor 往往用于特定的语境中,在表示“劳动”这一个概念的时候,主要用在探讨社会主义国家工人劳动态度的问题, 这从美国发行的《冶金学家》期刊(施普林格出版社)上刊登的一篇文章中就可以看出来。还有一点应该引起注意,英语中labor initiative 并不是“劳动自觉性”的意思,而是与劳工权益和福利有关,比如:Labor Initiative and Congressional Response (劳工福利提案和国会的回应), The Wisconsin Labor Initiative on Health Care (威斯康星州劳工医疗保险提案)。以上词组中Labor 的意思已经不是“劳动”,而是“劳工”,是不可数的英语集合名词,指一个集体的工人。

总之,对“劳动”内涵的不同理解可能引起的汉译英问题涉及东西方文化和意识形态的差异,以及宗教等因素,比较复杂。但笔者认为,我们翻译工作者在外宣中最重要的是要了解我们的受众,要讲求针对性,用对方听得懂的语言表达中文词语,要切忌完全的一对一字面翻译。

参 考 文 献

David Leonhardt. As Prison Labor Grows, So Does the Debate,

[1]

published on Sunday, March 19, 2000 in the New York Times (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c4282440.html,/headlines/031900-02.htm) 《圣经》 (简化字现代标点和合本)新约, 中国基督教两会

[2] 发行, 2000年10月,第337页。

G. I. Evchenko. Formation of a communist attitude toward labor

[3] in the collective (在集体中形成共产主义劳动态度),

Metallurgist , Volume 23, Number 3

(《冶金学家》期刊,1979年3月出版,Springer, New York (施普林格出版社·纽约)[作者简介] 谢桥,中国国际广播电台英语中心新闻编辑部主任、副译审,长期从事对外宣传工作。[作者电子信箱]xieqiao@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c4282440.html,

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PART I: I. 原文(Source Text) 水桥 在巴拿马,有一座世界闻名的“水桥”,那就是巴拿马运河。去年暑假,我跟着爸爸妈妈去巴拿马运河游览观光,至今还记忆犹新。 我们乘机抵达巴拿马城,然后搭上了一艘游轮,从巴尔博亚港进入运河。船行13公里后,便到了运河的第一组水闸1。巴拿马运河就是通过水闸的关与开,让船舰跨越陆地的一座“水桥” 2。 我们开始“上桥”了。船驶进闸池之后,厚2米,高、宽各20米,重数百吨的钢闸门便缓缓地关闭,闸池里开始注水。几分钟后,水涨船高3。游轮在两岸电力机车的牵引下缓缓前进。这样连升两级之后,船已经升高了16米。出闸后,再驶过一个小湖,又到了第二组水闸。经过这座水闸,船又升高了9.5米。这样,船已高出海平面26米,进入“桥顶” 4。我们的游船驶进了长达13公里的主航道,只见5两岸山6如刀削,绿树红花,景色十分秀丽7。 游船出了峡谷,驶入了宽阔的加通湖。湖水倒映着远山白云,美丽的小岛时隐时现8。在湖中悠悠航行38公里之后,船来到了加通水闸,从此进入了“下桥”段。这座水闸共有三级,犹如三个巨大的台阶。游船经过加通水闸后,已经降到了与大西洋水面相同的高度。当船驶入利蒙湾时,美丽的加勒比海便出现在眼前9。 我们从太平洋来到大西洋10,彼此隔离的大洋因为有了巴拿马运河而相通。运河全长公里,宽度由150米到304米不等。5万吨级的巨轮,日夜畅通无阻。它无愧于“世界桥梁”的称誉。我由衷地赞美人类改造自然的智慧和勇气!我敬佩你,巴拿马人民! 导游告诉我们,巴拿马人民是有志气的。他们一方面正在改造现在这条运河;另一方面,还准备新建一条更长的运河,预计工程需要10年才能完成,它将成为人类有史以来最大的工程11。我们期待着它早日完成。 II. 理解难点提示(Suggestions for Comprehension) 1. 这里的“水闸”指什么参考下文的“进闸池”、“出闸”。

汉译英答案3

汉英语篇翻译练习答案: 1.Retirement Attitudes toward retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhaus ting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man. 2. Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland! The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese oil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart. At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River. Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuri ng, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!” Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I own what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years. I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care. Y ou have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing. This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there. Y ou gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things. Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings. I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises. I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives—relatives victimized by old feudal ethnics. Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories! O the grand Y ellow River! O the mysterious Y angtze River! Where on earth are your glories of the past? O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you! Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you as ever. (选自《英语世界》2004年第三期,张培基译)

句子翻译练习(汉译英)

一、翻译下列句子,注意选词: 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们?就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖,海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文: 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称(翻译下列句子,注意运用物称表达法) 我想到希望,忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步,我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下,就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树,我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻,对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲,你待我礼貌有加,我却受之有愧。 参考译文: The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.

汉译英经典例句

汉译英经典例句 1、他这次考试失败使他意识到定期复习功课是多么重要。 He failed in the exam, which has made him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly. 2、请一定不要忘记离家前你父母对你说过的话。 Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before you left home. 3、我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的。I’m sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job. 4、这篇文章的目的是告诉学生怎么培养良好的学习习惯。 The purpose of his article is to tell the students how to develop good study habits. 5、在当今时代,人们越来越多地依靠计算机来解决各种各样的难题。 In our age, people depend more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems. 6、略读不仅帮助你对将要阅读的东西有所了解,还帮助你读得快些,提高你的阅读理解力。 Skimming not only helps you get some idea of what you

are going to read, but also helps you read faster and improve your comprehension. 7、有些人认为男孩子考试成绩总是比女孩子好。然而,事实未必如此。 Some people think that boys performance on tests is always better than girls. That is not necessarily the case, however. 8、即使智力一般的学生也可以通过改进学习习惯而成为优等生。 Even students of average intelligence can become top students by improving their study habits. 9、幸好附近有家医院,我们立即把他送到了那里。Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once. 10、我们常常发现运用一个规律比懂得它要难的了。We often find it much more difficult to apply a rule than to know it. 11、他决心继续他的实验,不过这次他将用另一种办法来做。 He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he’ll do it another way. 12、她读这部小说时,不禁想起了她在农村度过的那

新视野大学英语读写教程2汉译英翻译题及答案

1. 她连水都不愿喝一口,更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) 2. 他认为我在对他说谎,但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到,对此你怎么解释?(account for) 4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力,所以我们只能继续。(pour into) Unit2 1. 尽管她是家里的独生女,她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会,也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) 3. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说,但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) 4. 他对足球不感兴趣,也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) 5. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手,在他外出时,由助手负责处理问题。(count on) 6. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) Unit3 1. 你再怎么有经验,也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) 2. 还存在一个问题,那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) 3. 由于文化的不同,他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) 4. 虽然他历经沉浮,但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) 6. 她长得并不特别高,但是她身材瘦,给人一种个子高的错觉。(give an illusion of) Unit4 1. 有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?(Use "it" as the formal subject) 2. 不管黑猫白猫,能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) 3. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。(without fail) 4. 请允许我参加这个项目,我对这个项目非常感兴趣。(more than + adjective) 5. 人人都知道他比较特殊:他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) 6. 看她脸上不悦的神色,我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。(feel as though) Unit5 1. 他说话很自信,给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation) 2. 我父亲太爱忘事,总是在找钥匙。(Use "so... that..." to emphasize the degree of something) 3. 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for) 4. 光线不足,加上地面潮湿,使得驾驶十分困难。(coupled with) 5. 由于缺乏资金,他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of) 6. 每当有了麻烦,他们总是依靠我们。(lean on) Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样,身体也需要经常锻炼。(as... so...) 2. 在美国学习时,他学会了弹钢琴。(while + V-ing) 3. 令我们失望的是,他拒绝了我们的邀请。(turn down) 4. 真实情况是,不管是好是坏,随着新科技的进步,世界发生了变化。(for better or worse) 5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。(ill at ease) 6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)Unit7

汉译英句子翻译原则

1. 主语的确定 ?主语的三种处理方法: ?①以原句主语作译文主语 ?直接法 ?②重新确定主语 ?间接法 ?③增补主语 ?添加法 ?①直接法 ?例句1:我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。 ?Our house was built over a hundred years ago. ?例句2:我是地球人。 ?I come from the earth. ?例句3:如果不恰当地处理,锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ?例句4:如果说,词汇是语言的“建筑材料”,那么,句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 ?If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing. ?例句5:中国有两点是靠得住的,一是讲原则,二是说话算数。 ?China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. ?例句6:人有失错,马有漏蹄。 ?As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes. ?非常简单

?文化差异 ?应用有限 ?②间接法 ?中英文表达的习惯不同 ?语言地道,句式多样 ?例句7:世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。 ?译法1(直接法):At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ?译法2(间接法):The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. ?例句8:1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,使世界大为震惊。 ?译法1:In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly. ?译法2:China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. ?例句9:胎又瘪了。 ?译法1:We’ve got another flat tire. ?译法2:Our tire is flat again. ?例句10:人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。 ?译法1:It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. ?译法2:We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints. ?回忆:海纳百川,有容乃大。 ?③增补法 ?推敲语境 ?考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。

汉译英容易译错100个句子练习

01. 有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成。 [误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished. [正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished. 02.萝卜青菜,各有所爱。 [误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage. [正] Tastes differ 03.他一向嘴硬,从不认错。 [误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault. [正] He never says uncle. 04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。 [误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much. [正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much. 05.同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。

[误] The st udent all dislike him because he often pats the teacher’s ass. [正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots. 06.你听说了吗迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。 [误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend. [正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend. 07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。 [误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country. [正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country. 08.人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候。 [误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he’s standing on. They never feel sa t isfied with what they’ve already got.

英汉翻译经典例子及答案

1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要,因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls (环礁). 在那里,由于地心引力的剧烈干扰,一道道山脉,一座座火山升出水面。千百年来,微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡,形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多,那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人,于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方,河水漫出河床,宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系,迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起,困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪,在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上,撒在田野里,撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

汉译英句子翻译原则

汉译英 句子的翻译专题 1. 主语的确定 ?主语的三种处理方法: ?①以原句主语作译文主语 ?直接法 ?②重新确定主语 ?间接法 ?③增补主语 ?添加法 ?①直接法 ?例句1:我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。 ?Our house was built over a hundred years ago. ?例句2:我是地球人。 ?I come from the earth. ?例句3:如果不恰当地处理,锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ?例句4:如果说,词汇是语言的“建筑材料”,那么,句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 ?If vocabulary is the “building materials”for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts”of writing. ?例句5:中国有两点是靠得住的,一是讲原则,二是说话算数。 ?China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. ?例句6:人有失错,马有漏蹄。 ?As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes. ?非常简单

?文化差异 ?应用有限 ?②间接法 ?中英文表达的习惯不同 ?语言地道,句式多样 ?例句7:世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。 ?译法1(直接法):At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ?译法2(间接法):The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. ?例句8:1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,使世界大为震惊。 ?译法1:In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly. ?译法2:China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. ?例句9:胎又瘪了。 ?译法1:We’ve got another flat tire. ?译法2:Our tire is flat again. ?例句10:人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。 ?译法1:It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. ?译法2:We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints. ?回忆:海纳百川,有容乃大。 ?③增补法

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