2010下第2周 翻译练习(S)

2010下翻译练习(S)

请将下列两篇英文译成汉语：

A.The Pleasure of Reading

All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books—but we must know how to avail ourselves of this treasure and how to get the most of it. I am most interested in people, in meeting them and finding out about them. Some of the most remarkable people I’ve met existed only in a writer’s imagination, then on the pages of his book, and then, again, in my imagination. I’ve found in books new friends, new societies, new worlds. If I am interested in people, others are interested not so much in who as in how. Who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundred centuries in the future all the way back to the first figures in history. How covers everything from the ingenious explanations of Sherlock Holmes to the discoveries of science and ways of teaching manners to children. Reading is a pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Y our own imagination works along with the author’s or even goes beyond his. Y our experience, compared with his brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.

B. Food for Thought

1. I am very happy to be invited to talk to the International Club this afternoon. This group does so much for our school and community that I couldn’t resist accepting your invitation. I’m a firm believer in better international relations. To prove it, I ate pizza with Italian sausage last night, French toast this morning, and tacos for lunch. While I might overdo eating sometimes, I’m not too unusual. Americans have a love affair with food. We simply love food in all forms, shapes, and sizes.

2. Y ou’ve all heard the remark, “The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach. ”That’s probably a few years before modern medicine found that the way to a man’s heart is to turn right at the liver. Y ou may have heard Napoleon’s famous saying, “ An army marches on its stomach”Perhaps that accounts for the slowness of some armies. To these celebrated quotations, I add one more: “The way to express Americanism is through your stomach.” My quote probably won’t go down in history; nevertheless, it is true.

3. As a matter of fact, it was a foreign exchange student sponsored by your club who really first convinced me about the importance of food in understanding people. Her name was Carmen Morales, and some of you might remember her. She came from Colombia and spent a year at our school. One winter’s day after school, Carmen and I had a conversation. I was having my usual after-school candy bar when I saw her. She looked a little glum, so I thought I’d cheer her up.

4. “What’s the matter?” I asked, unwrapping my candy bar.

5. “Isn’t it obvious?” she said. “Just look at me!”

6. “Y ou look fine to me,” I said. In fact, she didn’t look fine. She looked as if she might cry.

7. “I’ve gained fifteen pounds since I’ve been in this country,” she said.

8. “What’s the problem? Are you eating because you miss your folks back home?”

She looked at me and shook her head. And I washed the candy bar down with the last swallow of Coke.

9. “It’s you Americans,” she exclaimed. “Eat, eat, eat! Wherever you go, you eat! And I’m becoming one of you.”

10. Well, that did surprise me. I thought to be an American you had to take a citizenship test, be sworn in, and everything. I didn’t know wolfing down a couple of hamburgers would do it. When I told her this, it was some time before I could calm her down. She finally told me, “Y ou Americans love food. There are doughnuts at our club meetings before school. When I go out at night with my American sister, we almost always stop off for a snack. And a snack to her is a hamburger and fries. In my country, we have breakfast, a large afternoon meal, and a light evening meal—without all these snacks.”

11. She was right. It took a foreign exchange student to show me something important about us Americans. We are very much in love with food. It’s part of being American. As I began to think about it, I noticed the importance food has for us. What’s another word used worldwide for American? Yankee. How do we use it? Yankee pot roast. Southern culture has given us some of our finest authors and our noblest traditions. What do we remember? Southern fried chicken. Why this kind of thing is as American as Apple Pie!

12. Think about the important American symbols that are closely tied to food. Baseball—America’s national pastime. But what’s ballgame without hot dogs, peanuts, and cracker Jacks? Or think about Hollywood. Hollywood is a symbol the world over of America’s glamour and excitement, but how often do you watch a movie with your fingers glistening in the dim glow of the theater with the extra butter you asked for in the extra large tub of popcorn?

13. Even if you watch the movie at home, it’s likely that food will be there. We have TV trays from which we eat our TV dinners. And do you really watch those commercials, or are you one of the dozen or so of us who know that commercials are put on TV so we can have a break during which to raid the refrigerator?

14. Carmen really got me to thinking. Even our nation’s most important cultural heroes are identified with food. Popeye eats his spinach, usually not even stopping to cook it. Dagwood has his “hero” sandwich. Snoopy has his chocolate chip cookies. Even President Reagan had his jelly beans. Our space program promises to “boldly go where no man has gone before”, and what goes with them? Instant orange drink!

15. To Americans, food means much more than nutrition, more than the basic three meals a day. The tacos guiltily squeezed in during the trip to the mall. The cupcake that beckoned you and pleaded until you put it out of its misery.

16. Some of us even have a new hobby—recreational eating. We eat at parties, meetings, brunches, and coffee breaks. We eat to have a good time. We even have fad food with absolutely no purpose other than to pass time. Bubble gum is a kind of food that serves as a toy. Even after the flavor is gone, it’s there to pop, snap, stretch, and chomp.

17. However, nowhere is our love affair with food more evident than in our passion for the hamburger. There are enough hamburger restaurants to feed us all three meals a day every day. We are told that we “deserve a break today”. To do what? To eat naturally! How big will the hamburger be? Three ounces? Four? A third of a pound? Carmen didn’t understand that the simple snack of a burger and fries that her host-sister had at night was more than a snack: it was a display of patriotism.

18. Even those of us who diet still love to eat. Dieters find themselves drawn towards diet foods and health foods as a substitute for the real thing. A bean card sandwich may be a poor substitute for a hot dog, but as Shakespeare said, “Love is blind.” I believe that was in Ham let or Mac beef. American food lovers will fall for anything they can chew and swallow.

19. But perhaps our love affair with food isn’t all bad. After all, it broadens international understanding, something the International Club really cares about. We Americ ans love all kinds of food: Italian, Mexican, Greek, French, Japanese, German, and many others. We are a virtual United Nations of food.

20. Not only that, did you know eating keeps the crime rate down? Why, if more people were sticking ribs in their mouths instead of a gun in somebody’s ribs, we could solve the crime problem entirely.

21. Eating also keeps the farmers in business. If we weren’t so intent on consuming so much, many family farms might go under.

22. Eating keeps teenagers employed. How many of you have worked at a fast food place---building pizzas, stuffing tacos, or flipping hamburgers?

23. And eating is better than fighting.

24. As I reflect on it, it’s a good thing I talked to Carmen that day. She did make me realize something about Americans and food. Eating is part of being American. We eat because it is fun. We eat to be friendly and sociable. We eat because we are free to do what we want to do. We eat what we want, when we want---and that’s America. That is something we can teach the foreign exchange students we look forward to having this year—our eating habits reflect America’s value on freedom.

25. By bringing people like Carmen Morales to America, you in the International Club help Americans like me learn about Africa, as well as about other countries of the world.

26. Now will you excuse me? I have to grab a snack. After all this talking, I’m just starved.

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机器翻译技术介绍
常宝宝 北京大学计算语言学研究所 chbb@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/404525891.html,

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机器翻译的基本方法
机器翻译的基本方法 ? 基于规则的机器翻译方法 ? 直接翻译法 ? 转换法 ? 中间语言法 ? 基于语料库的机器翻译方法 ? 基于统计的方法 ? 基于实例的方法 ? 混合式机器翻译方法
目前没有任何 一种方法能实现机 器翻译的完美理 想，但在方法论方 面的探索已经使得 人们对机器翻译问 题的认识更加深 刻，而且也确实带 动了不少不那么完 美但尚可使用的产 品问世。
20世纪90年代以前，机器翻译方法的主流一直是基于规则的方 法，不过，统计方法后来居上，目前似乎已成主流方法，从学术 研究的角度看，更是如此。(Google translate)

机器翻译的基本方法
20世纪90年代以前，机器翻译方法的主流一直是基于 规则的方法，因此基于规则的方法也称为传统的机器 翻译方法。 直接翻译法 ? 逐词进行翻译，又称逐词翻译法(word for word translation) ? 无需对源语言文本进行分析 ? 对翻译过程的认识过渡简化，忽视了不同语言之间 在词序、词汇、结构等方面的差异。 ? 翻译效果差，属于早期过时认识，现已无人采用 How are you ? 怎么 是 你 ? How old are you ? 怎么 老 是 你 ?

Z值模型(翻译版)

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