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外研版八年级上册英语语法归纳总结

外研版八年级上册英语语法归纳总结
外研版八年级上册英语语法归纳总结

一、Module1:How to learn English

一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时

1.一般现在时

(1)定义:

一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。

(2)用法:

①表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

②表经常反复性发生的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

③表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

④表示平日的喜好。I like bananas. We don’t like vegetables.

(3)构成:

①be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

②行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it等)时,动词词尾有所变化。

第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形式:

①一般情况加-s reads, says, takes

②sh、ch、s、x、o结尾的加-es teaches, washes, goes, misses, mixes

③以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries

如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

Miss Gu teaches us English. 顾老师教我们英语。

(4)句式变化:

①be动词的变化。

否定句:主句+be+not+其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问:Be+主语+其它。

如:-Are you a student? -Yes,I am. / No,I’m not.

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

②行为动词的变化。

否定句:主语+don’t(doesn’t )+动词原形(+其它)。如:I don’t like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn’t构成否定句。如:He doesn’t often play...

一般疑问句:Do( Does )+主语+动词原形+其它。如:- Do you often play football? - Yes,I do. / No,I don’t.

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。

如:- Does she go to work by bike?

- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。

如:How does your father go to work?

(5)标志:

频度副词:与every day(每天),always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常)sometimes(有时),seldom(几乎不),never(从不)等时间状语连用。

2.一般过去时

(1)定义

一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。

(2)构成

①Be动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,am 、is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were

②实义动词的一般过去时肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要借助助动词do和does 的过去式did.

动词过去式的规则变化:

①一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。look→looked

②以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。live→lived

③以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将y 改为i ,再加–ed。study→studied

try→tried fly→flied

⑤以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。stop→stopped

plan→planned prefe r→preferred

不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。

(3)句式变化

①be动词的变化

肯定句:主语+ be(was , were) + 其它.

否定句:主语+ be(was , were) + not + 其它. (wasn’t/weren’t)

一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语+ 其它?

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ be(was,were) + 主语+ 其它

②行为动词的变化

肯定句:主语+ 动词(过去式)+ 其它

否定句:主语+didn’t +动词(原形)+其它【d id not = didn’t】

一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它

(4)判断方法

①标志

yesterday , the day before yesterday (前天), last + 时间, 时间+ ago , just now , in 1990(在1990年),at the age of,When i was 8...,this morning ,that day , in those days 等。

②根据语境和语义判断

Eg:She went to the cinema once a month when she was in Beijing.

She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。

3.一般将来时

(1)定义:

表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态或将来某段时间内经常的动作或状态

(2)构成:

①will(will可用于所有人称,shall只用于第一人称I和we)+动词原形

②be going to+动词原形

(3)句式变化:

①will do:

肯定句:主+ will do

否定句:主+ won’t do

一般疑问句:will + 主+ do

特殊疑问句:what/when/where/which + will + 主+ do

②be going to do:

肯定句:主+ be going to + do

否定句:主+be not going to + do

一般疑问句:be + 主+ going to + do

特殊疑问句:what/when等+ be +主+ going to + do

(4)标志词:

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/month/year…, in two years,in the future, soon, from now on, this evening/year…, three days later 等吗(5)用现在进行时be doing表示将来时:go, come, leave, arrive,fly等表示位置转移的动词

如: Uncle Wang is coming王叔叔就要来了。

4.现在进行时

(1)定义:现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

(2)构成:am/is/ are+ v-ing

动词加ing的变化规则:

①一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

②以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

③如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping sit-sitting get-getting forget-forgetting begin-beginning ④以ie结尾的动词,改ie为y加ing ,如:die--dying死亡lie--lying躺tie--tying 系

(3)句式变化:

1.否定句:主语+ be not+doing+其它

2. 一般疑问句:把be动词提前:Be+主语+doing+其它

3. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+doing Eg.:what are you doing?

(4)标志

①表示说话时正在进行的动作

常和now,right now连用,有时用一个动词如look(看)、listen(听)来表示(现在)这一时间概念。如:Look!A train is coming. Listen!He is playing the piano.

②表示现阶段正在进行着的动作

但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present(目前)、this week(本周)、these days (这几天)等时间状语连用。

What lesson are you studying this week?(说话时并不在学)

③现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作

即是说可以用来代替将来时,但此时,一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用,而且仅限于少量动词。如:go(去)、come(来)、leave(离开)、arrive(到达)、return (返回)、sleep(睡觉)…

Are you going to Tianjing tomorrow?

How many of you are Coming to the party next week?

④be going to+动词原形

这一句型表示即将发生的事或打算(准备)做的事,我们把它归在将来时里了。

she isn't going to speak at the meeting.

注意:如果没有表示将来时间的状语,此类句子就可能指现在或现阶段的动作。Where are you going next week?

用现在进行时表示将来时,因为有next week这一时间状语。

Where are you going?

因为没有表示将来时的时间状语,所以就按句型来翻译,即现在进行时。

⑤一般现在时和现在进行时的区别

一般现在时表示经常性的动作;而现在进行时表示暂时性的动作。

He walks to work.(习惯、经常性的动作)

He's walking to work because his bike is being repaired.(只是暂时的情况)Where does he live?(询问一般的情况)

Where is he living(staying)?(询问暂时一段时间的情况)

二、Module2:My home town and my country 形容词比较级

1.含义

①表达“A和B一样”,用as…as的结构。

公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B

eg.:I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。

②表达“A不如B”用not as/so…as的结构。

公式:A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B

eg.:I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。

③表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。

公式:A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…

e.g I am taller than you.我比你高。

(2)关于形容词比较级的更多用法

①比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语,意思是“更…”,“…得…”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。

eg.:He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。

②比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。

eg:I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。

This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这个建筑物比那个高20米。

三、Module3:Sports

副词的基本用法和副词的比较级

1.副词的含义:

副词修饰动词、形容词和副词或整个句子,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念.如:often往往,here这里,very很,quickly很快地.

2.形容词变副词:

一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如:quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly等。

特殊情况:

注意:(1)有些词既可以做形容词又可以做副词:如fast、early、late (2)常考的形容词和副词辨析有:hard 努力——hardly 几乎不;late迟的,晚的——lately 近来;deep 深——deeply 深深地;near靠近——nearly 差不多;wide 宽——widely 广泛地;high高的——highly 高度地;close 靠近的——closely 密切地;free免费的——freely 自由地。

3.副词单音节词和少数双音节词的规则变化(和形容词变化一样)

eg:hard--harder fast--faster

4.形容词和副词多音节词和部分双音节词的规则变化:

5.形容词和副词比较级的不规则变化:

6.副词原级的用法

(1) 表示两者在某一方面程度相同时,用“as……as”结构,意为“和…一样地”。公式:A + 实义动词+ as + 副词原形+ as + B

例如:He swims as fast as I. 他和我游得一样快。

I play tennis as well as him (he dose).

我网球打得和他一样好。

(2)表示两者在某一方面程度不相同时,用“not so(as)……as”结构,意为“不如,没有…”。

公式:A + 实义动词+ not+ as /so + 副词原形+ as + B

例如:I can’t speak English so (as) fluently as you.

我说英语不如你流利。

I can’t swim so fast as Jim.

我无法游得像吉姆那么快。

*注意:在两者进行比较表示“A不如B”时,除使用“not...as/so+副词原级+as”结构外,还可以使用“less+副词原级+than”结构。

例如:He didn’t do his homework as carefully as his sister.

=He did his homework less carefully than his sister.

他做作业没有他妹妹认真。

7.副词比较级的用法:

表示两者进行比较时,用副词比较级。

公式:A + 实义动词+ 副词比较级+ than + B

例如:I know you better than she (does).

我比她更了解你。

It snows more often in Shenyng than in Beijing.

沈阳下雪比北京下雪多。

8.形容词和副词比较级的其他用法:

(1)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。

It is getting warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和。

He is running faster and faster.他跑得越来越快。

(2)“the more…,the more…”表示“越……,就越……”,

The more,the better.多多益善。

The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心,犯错就越少。(3)“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个”

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

四、Module4:Planes,ships and trians

形容词和副词的最高级

1.形容词和副词最高级的规则变化:

2.形容词和副词最高级的不规则变化:

3.形容词最高级用法

(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the(副词加不加都行),句末常跟一个in/of/among短语来表示范围。(of表示同范围,in表示不同范围)

如:He is the strongest of the three boys.

在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

上海是中国最大的城市。

(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。

如:Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?

哪个城市最漂亮,北京,上海还是福州?

(3)表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。

如:Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.

周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。

(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。

如:The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.

长江是中国第一大长河。

(5)形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the。

如:This is our last lesson today.

这是我们今天的最后一节课。

(6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

如:Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.

李雷是班上最高的学生。

=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.

李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.

李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.

李雷比班上其他任何人都高。

五、Module5:Lao She Teahouse

1.动词不定式的含义

生活中我们常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式,其中

连续出现了两个动词,这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢?这三个句子中使用了decide to do sth.,want to do sth.,try to do sth.的表达方式,即行为动词后的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构。我们把这种结构称为动词不定式。其否定形式是“not to do”。

2.动词不定式作宾语的用法

动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的动词有:plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love等。

口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)

想要学习早打算(want learn plan)

快准备有希望(prepare hope wish expect)

同意否供选择(agree offer choose)

决定了已答应(decide determine promise)

尽力去着手做(manage undertake)

别拒绝别假装(refuse pretend)

失败不是属于你(fail)

3.某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同的有:错误!

六、Module6:Animals in danger

1.不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,或省略to用动词原形。在句中使用时不能作谓语,但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。

如:The mother wants her to read English every day.

母亲要她的儿子每天读英语。

My mother asked me not to read in bed.

我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书。

2.不定式的句法作用:

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用,它可以作宾语、宾补和状语。(1)作宾语

如:He wants to go out with her.

他想和她一起出去。(want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”)

注意:

①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望,

②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。如:I find it easy to read English every day.

我发现每天读英语很简单。

(2)作宾语补足语:动词不定式作宾补时,它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.

露丝要他关小收音机。(他关小收音机)

注意:动词不定式在使役动词make、let、have和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel 等词后作宾补时,常省去不定式符号to。had better, would rather后的不定式也不带to,help后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。但在被动语态中,其后的不定

式要带to。

如:Her mother makes her do homework every evening.

她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业。

Let’s see the dolphins.

我们去看海豚吧。

She was heard to speak English.

有人听到她说英语。

(3)作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的,常常翻译成“为了……”。它可置于句首或者句末。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加in order to或so as to。

如:Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.

王女士去上海看望她的女儿。

To arrive in tim e, we’ll start early.

为了及时到达,我们将早出发。

We should work hard in order to pass the exam.

=We should work hard so as to pass the exam.

我们应该努力学习以便我们能通过考试。

除此之外,动词不定式还可以在句中做主语、表语和定语。

七、Module7:A famous story

过去进行时

1.定义

过去进行时,是表示过去某一时段或某一时刻正在进行的事情或动作。

2.结构

was/were +doing (现在分词)

3.句式变化

初二英语语法学习归纳

初二英语语法大全 一. 知识点: 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do (动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法: 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下: 一般疑问句构成: (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won?t 否定句构成:will + not (won’t)+do Sarah won?t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成: 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句,用will改写下列各句 例:I don’t feel well today. (be better tomorrow) I?ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight) _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. (sleep later) _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon) _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. (leave a little later) _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow) _____________________________ 答案:1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I?ll sleep later. 3. They?ll buy one soon. 4. We?ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it?ll be better tomorrow. (二)should的用法: should用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如:I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

八年级上册英语语法归纳

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much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如: Is there much water in the bucket? 桶里有很多水吗? He always has a great amount of work to do. 他总是有很多工作要做。 三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定,a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数,quantities of (其后谓语用复数。例如: There is still lots of snow in the garden. 花园里还有许多雪。 There is plenty of rain here. 这儿的雨水很多。 A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall. 大厅里放了很多鲜花。 There are large quantities of food in the cupboard. 橱柜里有许多食物。 在所有这些表示―很多‖的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如: Are there many people in the street?

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八年级上册英语语法知识点总结(一)一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do(动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:It is going to rain. will do结构表示将来的用法: 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下: 一般疑问句构成: (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t

否定句构成:will + not (won’t)+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成: 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? 练一练 根据例句,用will改写下列各句 例:I don’t feel well today. (be better tomorrow) I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight) _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. (sleep later) _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon) _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. (leave a little later) _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow) _____________________________ 答案:1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.

八年级英语语法形容词比较级专项练习

一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式: long _________ ______wide _______ _______ thin _________ _______ heavy ________ ______ slow _______ _______few___________ _______ short ________ ______ badly ______ _______far __________ _______ quickly ______ ______happy ______ _______careful ______ _______ 二、用所给词的正确形式填空: 1. She will be much ______ (happy) in her new class. 2. The short one is _______ (useful) of the five. 3. His sister is two years _______ (young) than him. 4. This ruler is twice as ______ (long) as that. 5. The _____ (cheap) bags are usually the best ones. 6. Gold(黄金) is much ______ (expensive)than iron(铁). 7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Jack sings _____ (well), he sings ______(well) than Tom, but Mary sings______(well) in her class. 9. Of the three girls, I find Lucy is _______ (clever). 10. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is _____ (young) child. 三、选择填空: 1.It is _____ today than yesterday. A. hot B. more hot C. hotter D. much hot 2. This line is ____ than that one. A. not longer B. more longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 3. Of the five toys, the child chose_____. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive one 4. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk? A. the best B. better C. the better D. best 5. They bet to see who could run _____ in the sports meeting. A. the fastest B. the faster C. fastest D. faster 6. This book is ____ of all.

八年级上册英语语法知识点总结

八年级上册英语语法知识点总结 . Unit1:1.学习谈论过去发生的事情,复习一般过去时态。一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某个时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 . 例如:Where did you go on vacation ?I went to New York. . 2学习掌握不定代词的用法:anyone something anything everything nothing no one 等等 . . . unit2: 1.讨论经常你经常做的事情,用how often 进行提问 .

例如:How often do you exercise? I exercise every day . . 2.学习掌握频度副词:always almost always usually often sometimes hardly ever seldom never . . . unit3: 1.学习形容词和副词的比较级规则,分为规则变化和不规则变化形容词和副词的比较级用法:表示两者(人和事物)的比较。 . . 规则变化:1.一般在此为加er . 2.以字母e结尾的词,在词尾加r .

3.重度闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母,再加er . 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,先把y改I 再加er . 5.多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more . 不规则变化另外记忆。 . . . Unit4: 1.学习形容词和副词的最高级规则,分为规则变化和不规则变化。 . 形容词和副词的最级用法:表示三者或三者以上(人和事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个,后面用of /in 短语来说明比较的范围。 .

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