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2015届中考英语一轮语法专题精讲:数词(含答案解析)

2015届中考英语一轮语法专题精讲:数词(含答案解析)
2015届中考英语一轮语法专题精讲:数词(含答案解析)

知识点:

一、概说

数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词电基数词,如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等;表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词与不定代词用法相似,在现代英语中,它与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称之为限定词。数词用法相当于名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。

二、基数词

1. 基数词的表示法

(1) 以下是最基本的基数词,学习者必须牢记:

one(1), two(2), three(3), four(4), five(5), six(6), seven(7), eight(8), nine(9), ten(10), eleven(11), twelve(12), thirteen(13), fourteen(14), fifteen(15), sixteen(16), seventeen(17), eighteen(18), nineteen(19), twenty(20), thirty(30), forty(40), fifty(50), sixty(60), seventy(70), eighty(80), ninety(90), a hundred(100), a thousand(1000), a million(1000000), a billion (十亿)

(2) 21—99 的表示法。先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字号:twenty-one(21), thirty-six(36), forty-five(45), ninety-nine(99)等。

(3) 101—999的表示法。先说“几百”,后接and,再加末尾两位数(或末位数):one hundred and one(101), five hundred and thirty(530), seventy hundred and eighty-nine(789)

(4) 1000 以上的基数词的表示法。先从右至左数,每三位数加一个逗号(即以此把数目分为若干段)。第一个逗号前的数为thousand(千),第二个逗号前的数million(百万),第三个逗号前的数为billion(十亿),第四个逗号前的数为 trillion(万亿),然后一段一段地数:

9, 883 nine thousand, eight hundred and eighty-three

65, 359 sixty-five thousand, three hundred and fifty-nine

265, 468 two hundred and sixty-five thousand, four hundred and sixty-eight 60, 263, 150 sixty million, two hundred and sixty-three thousand, one hundred and fifty

注:①英语没有“万”这个单位,要表示“万”须借用thousand,如“一万”用“十千”表示(ten thousand),“十万”用“百千”表示(one hundred thousand)。

② hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词在读数时不带复数词尾-s(即用单数形式)。

③在hundred 后通常加上连词,不过此and 在美国英语中可以省略。若读数中没有hundred,则在thousand后加and。

④一个数的最高位若为“一”,这个“一”可用a或one表示,但在数字中间的“一”,则只能用one,不能用a:

1600 a thousand and six hundred

6100 six thousand and one hundred (其中的 one 不可改为a)

⑤在非正式场合,人们也常以hundred 为单位来读数,对于1100至1900之间的整数尤其如此(参见年代的读法):

It cost fifteen hundred pounds. 这东西花了1500英镑。

2. 时刻、日期、年份等的表示法

(1) 时刻的表示法

①若为整点钟,则直接读相应的基数词;若为非整点钟,则分别以“时”和“分”为单位用相应的基数词读出:twelve(12), eight twenty(8:20), nine forty-five(9:45)

②对于带“分”的时间,也可借助past(过)和to(差)这两个介词来表示(在美国英语中用after表示“过”)。但是注意,这样表示时“分”不能超过30,否则应作处理,如9.38应处理成“10点差22分”:

9.18 eighteen minutes past (after) nine (= nine eighteen)

10.46 fourteen minutes to eleven (= ten forty-six)

以上分钟后带了minutes一词。若“分”为5, 10, 15, 20 等五的倍数,则可省略minutes:

8.05 five (minutes) past eight (= eight five)

9.20 twenty (minutes) past nine (=nine twenty)

若“分”为15或45,可借用quarter 一词;若“分”为30,可借用half一词:

6.15 a quarter past six 8.45 a quarter to nine 10.30 half past ten

注:时刻表示法分为12小时编时制和24小时编时制。

(2) 日期的表示法:日期的写法(书面语)和读法(口语)稍有不同,如“十月一日”可以写成 October 1, October 1st, 1 October, 1st October, (the) 1st of October 等,表示月份的词也可用缩略式,如 Oct. 1, 1 Oct. 1,但是在口语中通常只有两种读法 October (the) first或the first of October。

注:日期与星期排列时,通常是星期在前,日期在后:He arrived on Friday, May 10.

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