2019年高考英语阅读理解专题突破

2019年高考英语阅读理解专题突破(名师精选试题+解析答案，建议下载练习)

专题1-主旨大意（一）

A

(2017年重庆一模)The first potatoes were grown by the Incas of South America, more than 400 years ago.Their descendants (后代) in Ecuador and Chile continue to grow the vegetable as high as 14，000 feet up in the Andes Mountains.(That's higher than any other food will grow.)Early Spanish and English explorers shipped potatoes to Europe, and they found their way to North America in the early 1600s.

People eat potatoes in many ways—baked, mashed, and roasted，to name just three.However，in the United States most potatoes are eaten in the form of French fries.One fast-food chain alone sells more than $ 1 billion worth of fries each year.No wonder, then, that the company pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared.

Before any fry makes it to the people who eat at these popular restaurants，it must pass many separate tests.Fail any one of these tests and the potato is rejected.To start with, only Russet Burbank potatoes are used.These Idaho potatoes have less water content than other kinds, which can have as much as 80 percent water.Once cut into “shoestrings” shapes，the potatoes are partly fried in a secret blend of oils, sprayed with liquid sugar to brown them, steam dried at high heat, then flash frozen for shipment to individual restaurants.

Before shipping，every shoestring is measured.Forty percent of a batch must be between two and three inches long.Another 40 percent has to be over three inches.What about the 20 percent that are left in the batch? Well，a few short fries in a bag are okay，it seems.

So, now that you realize the enormous size and value of the potato crop, you can understand why most people agree that this part of the food industry is no “small potatoes”．

【语篇解读】本文介绍了土豆被引进美国历史及炸薯条在美国食物产业中举足轻重地位。1．Potatoes in North America came directly from______．

A．Chile

B．Europe

C．Ecuador

D．the Andes Mountains

B[考查细节理解。根据文中第一段最后一句“Early Spanish and English explorers shipped

potatoes to Europe，and they found their way to North America in the early 1600s.”可知，北美最早的土豆来自欧洲。故选B项。]

2．Why does the company pay special attention to the way the fries are prepared?

A．Because selling fries is a big business.

B．Because fries are not easy to prepare at all.

C．Because Americans are particular about fries.

D．Because the government has a strict rule for that.

A[考查推理判断。根据第二段的“One fast-food chain alone sells more than $1 billion worth of fries each year.No wonder，then, that the company pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared.”可知，在美国，炸薯条是个很大的行业，所以会被特殊关注。故选A项。]

3．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to say________．

A．small potatoes cannot be used for fries

B．potatoes are really important for Americans

C．eating in America is the very first thing

D．fries are really important for food industry

D[考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的内容“this part of the food industry is no ‘small potatoes’”可知，在美国，炸薯条在食品产业中不是“小土豆”(无足轻重的东西)，由此可推测，炸薯条在食品产业中占有重要的地位。故选D项。]

[干扰项分析]本题学生易误选B项，本文首先介绍了土豆被引入美国，且炸薯条带来了强大商业利润，但在最后一段中，根据关键信息“realize the enormous size and value of the potato crop”及“this part of the food industry is no‘small potatoes’．”可知，本段重点强调炸薯条在食品产业中的重要地位，而不是土豆对美国人的重要性，故排除B项。

4．What is the main idea of this passage?

A．The average American eats 50 pounds of potatoes a year.

B．French fries are made from potatoes.

C．Potatoes are a key vegetable in America.

D．The various terms for potatoes have a long history.

C[考查主旨大意。根据全文内容可知，在美国，土豆可以有多种吃法，尤其是炸薯条，深受人们的欢迎，也因此带来了强大的商业利润，在食品产业中占有重要地位。因此，本文的主旨是，在美国土豆是很重要的蔬菜。故选C项。]

B

(2017年湖南长郡中学模拟)It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams，the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life，but manners on the road are becoming horrible.Everybody knows

that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel.It is all right to have a tiger in a cage，but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.

Road politeness is not only good manners，but a good sense.It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving.On the other hand，a little politeness goes a long way toward reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting.A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions.But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough.Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.

However，misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time.The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.

An experienced driver，whose manners are faultless，told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.Unfortunately，modern drivers can't even learn to drive，let alone master the roadmanship(公路驾车技能)．Years ago，experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take(互谅互让)from all road users.It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

【语篇解读】随着车辆的增多，很多司机都有可怕的路怒症，甚至不知道什么是文明交通。专家们呼吁，司机应该互谅互让，将文明驾驶牢记在心。

1．The passage mainly talks about ________．

A．traffic jams B．good manners

C．road politeness D．modern drivers

C[考查主旨大意。根据文章第二段第一句Road politeness is not only good manners，but a good sense.及第三段第一句However，misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.可知，本文主要围绕道路文明礼貌行为展开论述。故选C项。]

2．Troubles on the road are often caused by ________．

A．traffic jams

B．the behavior of the drivers

C．the great speed of modern life

D．terrible road conditions

B[考查推理判断。根据文章第一段第二句Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel.可知，大家都知道，平时非常绅士的人在开车的时候也会变成一只猛虎。再根据文中对道路上司机们的种种行为的描述可判断，公路上的麻烦主要

是由司机的行为引起的。故选B项。]

3．According to the writer，a good driver should ________．

A．encourage children to cross the road whenever they want to

B．beat back when forced to face rude driving

C．be able to recognize politeness when he sees it

D．join in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel

C[考查细节理解。根据文章第二段最后一句Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.可知，在看到礼貌行为时，一个好司机应当能够对此有所认知。故选C项。]

4．It is not always right for drivers to ________．

A．master the roadmanship

B．neglect politeness when they see it

C．give a friendly nod in answer to an act of politeness

D．encourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to

D[考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.可知，给老人让路，让他们随意过马路的礼貌行为是不对的。故选D项。]

C

(2017年云南高三年级11校跨区调研考试)

Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings.The long，thin strings on a guitar can vibrate(振动)．They move back and forth，or from side to side.So do webs made by spiders.The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations.This movement gives the small creature information about what landed on the web.

Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes.The animals build webs with their own soft，naturally-made silk.And much like playing the strings of a guitar，a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies(频率)．Spiders catch their food，usually insects in their webs.They make small movements，which spread across their webs.The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web—maybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat.

Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner.They are also important in courship(求爱)，so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that they're a male，but they're the right species，and whether they might want to mate with them as well.

Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs.By controlling the tightness of the material，they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web.Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their self-made materials and creations.Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over time for this purpose.

【语篇解读】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。

1．How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web?

A．Through its sense of sight.

B．Through vibrations of its web.

C．Through different frequencies.

D．Through a musical pattern.

B[考查细节理解。根据第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网了。故选B项。] 2．What does the underlined word“They”in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?

A．Insects.B．Strings.

C．Spiders. D．Vibrations.

A[考查代词指代。根据第二段的“Spiders catch their food，usually insects in their webs.They make small movements，which spread across their webs”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。] 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Silk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do.

B．Female spiders make special sounds to attract a partner.

C．Hunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose.

D．The tightness of silk can't be adjusted once it's made.

C[考查细节理解。根据第四段的“By controlling the tightness of the material，they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选C项。]

[干扰项分析]根据第一段的第一句“Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings”可知，蛛网和吉他弦有一些共同之处，故排除A。根据第三段的“so lots of males will actually...they're a male”可排除B。根据第四段的“By controlling the tightness of the material...in the middle of the web”可知，蜘蛛可以控制材料的紧密度，它们可以有效地调整蛛网的属性，故可排除D项。

4．The text mainly tells readers ________．

A．guitars and spider webs are similar

B．spider webs have various functions

C．spiders are skillful in hunting insects

D．vibrations are vital in a spider's life

D[考查主旨大意。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web—maybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat”可知，D项正确。]

D

(2018·贵阳市摸底考试)

It's good to make mistakes，and here is why.

First of all，mistakes are a clear sign that we are trying new things.It's always good to try new things because when we are trying new things，we are growing.If we never try anything new，how can we improve？The simple answer is，“We can't”．

Another good thing about mistakes is that when we are making them，we are learning.Consider this—Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the light bulb.When asked how it felt to fail that many times，he said that he had learned 10,000 things that didn't work.

When we make a mistake，we are much closer to success.Because every time we make a mistake，we eliminate one of the things that keep us from success.

But all this doesn't mean that we should go through life without considering the consequences of a mistake.Instead，when we try something new，we have to be willing to set some reasonable limits so that in the event that it doesn't work out the way we want it to，we will be in a position to try again.We all have limited resources—in the form of time and money—so we shouldn't blow them all on one approach to a problem.It's best that we realize it probably won't be perfect for the first time and allocate these resources appropriately so we can learn，make corrections，and try again.Only by accepting and using our mistakes in this way can we make significant advances in our lives.

There is an old saying that goes，“If you're not making mistakes，you're not trying hard enough”．So go forth and make mistakes.

1．Which can be used to replace the underlined word“eliminate”in Paragraph 4?

A．make up for B．get rid of

C．accept D．expect

2．What do we know from the fifth paragraph?

A．We should ignore the possible consequences.

B．We should accept the outcome willingly.

C．We should make some limits for our next try.

D．We should avoid making the same mistakes.

3．What is the text mainly about?

A．Dealing with mistakes.

B．Making mistakes.

C．Making progress.

D．Benefiting from mistakes.

4．What may the writer suggest we say to ourselves when making a mistake?

A．Never mind，I tried my best.

B．Great！Now I have learned something.

C．This is a waste of time.

D．Look at this mess.I should just give up.

【解题导语】本文主要介绍犯错的一些好处以及利用错误获得成功的策略。

【难句分析】When asked how it felt to fail that many times，he said that he had learned 10,000 things that didn't work.

分析：本句是一个复合句。When asked how it felt to fail that many times 是一个省略句，当主句与从句主语一致，并且从句中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略，从句补充完整应该是：When he was asked how it felt to fail that many times；第一个that为副词，意为“那么”；第二个that引导宾语从句，在从句中不作句子成分；第三个that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词10,000 things。

译文：当被问及失败那么多次的感受时，他说他已经知道了一万种不适合(作灯泡)的东西。

1．B考查词义猜测。根据第四段第一句“When we make a mistake，we are much closer to success”并结合对画线词所在句的理解可知，当犯错误时，我们就除去了一些阻碍成功的因素。由此可推知，eliminate与get rid of意思相近，意为“除去”，故选B。

2．C考查细节理解。根据第五段第二句“Instead, when we try something new，we have to be willing to set some reasonable limits”可知，我们应该为下一次尝试设置一些合理的限度，故选C。A项和B项与第五段第一句“But all this doesn't mean that we should go through life without considering the consequences of a mistake”不符；D项错在我们应该避免犯同样的错误，文章中并没有明确提到，故排除。

3．D考查主旨大意。根据文章第一段“It's good to make mistakes，and here is why”的开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述犯错误的一些好处，以及利用这些错误获得成功的策略，故选D。

4．B考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句“Another good thing about mistakes is that when

we are making them，we are learning”可推知，当犯错误时，我们要意识到我们也是在学习，从而更接近成功；本段中爱迪生改进灯泡的例证也告诉我们，当我们犯错时，我们可以告诉自己：“很好！现在我学到了一些东西”，故选B。

E

(2017·湖南十三校第一次联考)With fast food and convenience at our fingertips on every corner and at every turn, it is becoming increasingly hard to stay in shape.Staying healthy has been more and more difficult for many of the common people.To oppose this we would like to arm you with four ways of staying healthy and feeling great.

You really are what you eat.

It's true, and there's no way around it.You can't be sitting there staring at that plate of fried chicken, hoping that you will feel amazed later in the day.We have to be in reality about what we eat.If we are putting dead and fried food in our bellies, what is going to come out is exhausted energy and illness.

Enjoy the sun.

Enjoy the sunshine, or the wind or cold for that matter.In other words, get outside.Take a walk.Do it every single day.You don't have to be doing intense and heavy runs day in and day out, but you do need to be moving.

You see, a healthy metabolism (新陈代谢) will only come from an active lifestyle.Those who have a sedentary living, sitting in office chairs or hardly moving, will have bodies adapted to that lifestyle.But if your body thinks that it needs to burn, then it will get in the habit of burning.

Shop around the outside of the grocery store.

This is becoming more and more of a popular saying among health-food advocates.The inner passages are far more likely to be filled with preservatives(防腐剂) and chemicals to keep those boxed and packaged foods fresh for long periods of time.Yet eating fresh fruits, vegetables, unprocessed meats and so forth will keep nutrient-dense foods going through your body.The more living items you consume, the more help they will be able to be to your immune system and your total body health.

Water.

Yes, simply and without end, water.You need this for every single function that your body performs.When you get up in the morning, before you put anything else on your tongue, drink a quart or two.Build up the amount you consume each day.An option for water instead of other pick-me-ups.Day by day your body will realize that you are going to be more thoroughly hydrating, and it will keep you feeling healthy as you can be.

【语篇解读】随着触手可及的快餐以及便捷舒适的生活方式越来越普及，现在的人们想保持身材已并非易事；对于大多数普通人来说，保持健康也变得愈加困难，本文就如何保持健康给出了一些建议。

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。

3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

2019年高考英语阅读理解专题复习10篇(带答案)

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