剑9阅读真题原文1 William Henry Perkin

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 9 NOTE

原文真题

Reading Passage 1

William Henry Perkin

The man who invented synthetic dyes

William Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry.

As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired t he young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.

At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted Germa n chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.

At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.

During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family’s house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin’s scientific

training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, providing the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur’s words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.

Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple coulour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to me mu ddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’s discovery was made.

Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realizing the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.

Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the coulour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry.

With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost form the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back

to the drawing board.

Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It is important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.

甲简单单词居然不解其中玄机。

1late , his late grandfather’s home . 已故的。

2gift. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention. 天才

3bark. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. 树皮。

4solution . he finally produced a deep purple solution. 溶液

5fast .the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast and the cost was relatively low. 牢固的，紧紧的。

乙其他生词（逐个查阅的，太多了啊）

1.synthetic 合成的，人造的，假的

Synth ,n.综合者，【电】合成器。

Syntheses.n .【化】合成，【语】综合；综合体，结合，【医】接合。【逻

辑】综合法，语词的合成，【物】合成，综合；文献。统一体。

Syn, same 大概有统一，同一类的意思；thesis, n .毕业论文，论题，论

点，命题之意。同一论题的结合，就有了合成，综合之意。

2.curiosity n.好奇心，稀奇的人事物。~ shop 古玩店。~drive,好奇驱动力

Curiosity kill the cat.

3.stumble upon. 偶尔发现。

Stumble : v . 绊倒，犯错误，蹒跚，无意中发现。N.绊倒，错误。

Stumbleblock 绊脚石 stumble on 偶然遇到，碰巧找到

Stumble along 东倒西歪地走。Stumble toward 跌跌撞撞地走向

Tumble .v.暴跌，倒塌，跌倒，翻滚。弄乱，明白，突然发现。

Tumbling. n. 摔跤，翻跟头。Adj.斜的。

Tumbler.n . 不倒翁，杂技演员，平底无脚酒杯，锁的制动栓。

Umbl.adj. 脐的，控制用的，n.地面线缆和管道。脱落插头。

Tum 肚子，胃，adj 英国方言空的，中空的。

Tummy 【口语】肚子，【非正式】胃

Tumour.【英】肿瘤。Tumor 【美】肿瘤

Benigh tumour.良性肿瘤

Benigh: adj.温和的，仁慈的，善良的，有利于健康的，【医】良性的

4.enthusiasm 热情，热心，热衷的事物。

Enthuse .使热心，充满热情地说。

6immerse v.浸没，施浸礼，沉迷……中，陷入。

7chemistry.n.化学。物质的化学组成、性质。化学作用。神秘的变化过程。

Che ,可以看作change. Mistry ,近似于mistery,神秘的。Mist,雾，模糊，神

秘。Misty，有雾的，模糊的，朦胧不清的。

8prompt adj.迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的

v．激情，促进，推动，提示，vi，提示，提示的内容n. 付款的期限9 d evotion n.虔诚，献身，奉献，热爱，专心，热心。

Devote .vt.致力于，奉献给，把……专用于。

Vote.n.选举权，投票，选举。

10.perceive .v.注意到，觉察到，认为，理解。

11. eminent .著名的，卓越。

Distinguished prominent

Pro n.能手，行家，正面，职业选手，赞成票，代替，脯氨酸。老手。

Adj. 专业的，赞成的，体育运动。

Adv. 正面地，赞成地。

Prep 赞成，为··的，按的；随，视。

Process , processing

12 .enrolment n.登记或者注册，入学，入伍，入会。

13.breakthroug. 突破，突破性进展。

14. quinine. 奎宁，金鸡纳霜，治疗疟疾的药。奎宁，在秘鲁语中是“树皮”的意思。

15.viabl e.可行的，能生存的。

16.treatment 治疗，对待，处理

17 cinchona n.金鸡纳树(皮)

18.surpass vt.超越，胜过

19.passing comment 信口的评论。

passing n. 通过，逝去adj,经过的，短暂的，及格的，adv.非常。

20.d esirability.n.称心如意的人或物，有利条件。

21.substitute. n.代替品，代用品，vt 代替，用……代替，代之以。。

sub 潜艇，替代的。替代，转包合同

21 take up v.拿起，开始，从事，吸收，接纳，占去，继续做，做某事消遣

22 vacation n. 假期，度假，腾出。Vi，度假

23 aniline n 苯胺，adj 苯胺的，阿尼林油（音译好记忆）

24.tar .n. 焦油，柏油。【口】水手，vt 涂以焦油

25.sludge .n 泥泞，淤泥，泥状雪。沉淀物

26. substance 实质，物质，财产，内容，重要性

27.potassium 钾 K

28 dichromate. N.重铬酸钾。Chromate .铬酸钾。Di,重，双，两个？？29．Excretion n.排泄物

Excrete .v.排泄，分泌

30 glandular adj,腺（状）的，起腺体功能的

Gland 腺

31.mucus 粘液，黏液

32 snail. 蜗牛，慢吞吞的人物

33 outrageous adj . 过分的，骇人的。

Rage n.狂怒，肆虐，风行。V。大怒，怒斥，激烈进行

34 tend to vt 倾向，易于，导致，有助于。

35.muddy，泥泞的，浑浊的，糊涂的，V使沉烂泥，使迷惑

36. hue 色调，色彩。样子，意味，信仰，喊叫。

37. fad e ,v 褪色，凋谢，n淡入，淡出

38 backdrop 背景

39 patent 专利，特许，vt，给予专利权，adj，专利的，显著的。

Patentee ,n.专利权所有人。Patent right，专利权。Patent infringment 专利侵权

40 fascinating 迷人的。

41 reaction 反应，生理反应，反应能力，复旧，反动，化学反应。

42 mauve 淡紫色，木槿姿，苯胺紫

43 violet 紫罗兰，紫色，紫色的。

44 mauveine 木槿紫，苯胺紫

45 mentor 指导者，v，指导【谐音门徒儿】

46 utilsing utilise 利用

47 byproduct 副产品

48 works n 工厂，修建，机器部件，全套物品

49 boost v 提高，增加，鼓励，为……做宣传。N. 增加，推进鼓励。

50 empress 女皇，皇后

51 flatter v . 奉承，恭维，取悦，显得好看。

52 shad e n. 阴影，遮蔽，色彩浓淡 v渐变

53 被打败的，被胜过的

54 gown 长袍，长外衣

55 bol d 大胆的，陡峭的，醒目的，粗体的，无礼的

56 d ecorative 装饰的，装饰性的

57 draw ing board 绘图板

58 Vital 至关重要的，有活力的，生死攸关的。

59 stain， v 弄脏，玷污，着色。N。污点，瑕疵，着色剂，燃料

60 previous adj 以前的，先的，在。。。之前。

61 microbe 微生物

62 bacilli 杆状菌

63 . tubercul osis 肺结核

64 chol era 霍乱

65 anthrax 炭疽病

66 vaccine 疫苗

------------------ 烤鸭们，共同努力！------------------

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剑9阅读真题原文1 William Henry Perkin

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 9 NOTE 原文真题 Reading Passage 1 William Henry Perkin The man who invented synthetic dyes William Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry. As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired t he young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15. At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted Germa n chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune. At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge. During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family’s house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin’s scientific

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剑9阅读真题原文1-William-Henry-Perkin

剑9阅读真题原文1-William-Henry-Perkin

CAMBRIDGE IELTS 9 NOTE 原文真题 Reading Passage 1 William Henry Perkin The man who invented synthetic dyes William Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early inte rests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry. As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15. At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemist ry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune. At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.

剑桥雅思9阅读解析test1

Passage1 Question 1 答案: FALSE 关键词: Michael Faraday the first person 定位原文 : 第 2段第 2句“ His talent and devotion…” 他的老师 Thomas Hall发现了他在化学方面的天赋与热忱,鼓励其参加皇家学院著名科学家 Michael Faraday的一系列讲座。 解题思路 : 从这句话很容易看出, Thomas Hall是文中提到的第一个发现 Perkin 化学天赋的人,尽管文中没有用到 the first person 这样的确切说法,但是看完第二段就不难发现,这点的确是对的。因此,题中的说法与文中的事实相反。 Question 2 答案: NOT GIVEN 关键词: Michael Faraday, Royal College of Chemistry, suggested 定位原文:第 2段第 3句“ Those speeches fired…” Faraday的讲座进一步激发了这位年轻化学家的热情,在 1853年, 15岁的 Perkin 成功进入皇家化学学院学习。 解题思路:这句话仅仅告诉我们, Perkin 是在听了 Faraday 的讲座后,对化学的激情更加澎湃,进而考上了皇家化学学院, 而并没有提到 Faraday 与 Perkin 进行直接接触或沟通, 所以题目是对文章中出现的人和事的过分解读。 Question 3 答案: FALSE 关键词: employed, assistant, August Wilhelm Hofmann

定位原文:第 3段第 1、 2句“ At the time of Perkin’ s enrolment, the…” 在 Perkin 入学时,皇家化学学院的院长正是著名的德国化学家 August Wilhelm Hofmann。Perkin 的科学天赋很快引起了 Hofmann 的注意,不到两年他就成了 Hofmann 最年轻的助理。 解题思路:从这两句话中可以清晰地看出 Perkin 和 Hofmann 之间的关系,前者是后者最年轻的助理, 题目的说法和文中的陈述是直接抵触的。 Question 4 答案: TRUE 关键词: rich and famous, still young 对应原文:第 3段最后一句“ Not long after that, Perkin made…” 在这之后不久, Perkin 就取得一项能为他带来名誉和财富的科学突破。 解题思路:这里的“不久之后”,指的是 Perkin 成为 Hofmann 最年轻的助手之后,而成为助手是 Perkin 入学两年后的事情, 第二段最后专门提到 Perkin 入学时只有 15岁, 所以可以推测出 Perkin 作出这项发现时也就十八九岁。经过这样的推断可知,题目的说法完全可以成立。 Question 5 答案: NOT GIVEN 关键词: only, quinine, South America 定位原文:第 4段第 1句“ At the time, quinine …” 当时,奎宁是唯一可以治疗症疾的药物。这种药物是从原产自南美洲的金鸡纳树的树皮中提炼出来的…… 解题思路:如果误把第一句中的 only 和第二句话结合,就很容易得出和题目一样的错误结论。其实出题人的意图是说, 当时只有奎宁可以治疗疟疾 ; 而奎宁是从金

剑10阅读真题词汇

Cambridge 10 Test 139. scary adj. 40. verify v. 81. navigate v. 82. acoustics n Passage 141. initial adj. 1. escalating adj. 4 2. allowance n. 2. escalate v. 4 3. selectively adv. 3. accumulation n. 4 4. advocate v. 4. accumulate v. 4 5. noteworthy adj. 5. make ends meet 4 6. predictor n. 6. notion n. 4 7. exposure n. 7. warrant v. 48. ban v. 8. differential n. 49. level off 9. census n. 50. inconsequential adj. 10. associate's degree 51. viable adj. 11. bachelor's degree 52. inhibit v. 12.in realistic 53. resort to perspective 13. contention n. Passage 3 14. disparity n. 54. opportunistic adj. 15. saving n. 55. exclusively adv. 16. mobility n. 56. habitat loss 17. non-monetary adj. 57. over-fishing n. 18. tendency n. Tend v. 58. sustain v. 19. rational adj. 59. nutrition n. 20. authoritarian adj. 60. recreational adj. 21. succeeding adj. 61. marine adj. 22. enhance v. 62. indicative adj. 23. social status 63. toxic adj. 24. correlation n. 64. substance n. 25. mortality rate 65. concentration n. 26. age bracket 66. food chain 27. optimistic adj. 67. pollutant n. 28. outweigh v. 68. dump n. 29. revenue n. 69. focal adj. Passage 270. vicinity n. 71. vessel n. 30. aggression n. 72. collision n. collide v. 31. archive n. 73. exhaust emission 32. pediatric adj. 74. breathing pocket 33. curriculum n. 75. kayak n. 34. verbal adj. 76. spew out 35. peer n. 77. cetacean n. 36. aggressive adj. 78. sensory adj. 37. perception n. 79. echolocation n. 38. mean adj. 80. prey n.

剑10版真经5增加题

剑10版真经5增加题

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剑桥雅思9阅读解析test2

剑桥雅思9阅读解析test2

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剑10阅读“ABriefHistoryofTea”逐题解析

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剑九阅读真题William Henry Perkin做题分析

剑九阅读真题William Henry Perkin做题分析 一篇雅思文章拿下来，我们可以先看文章，再看题目，也可以先看题目再看文章，这两种做题的顺序都各有利弊，孰好孰坏取决于每个人看文章做题的习惯。今天，我们借助一篇剑九阅读真题William Henry Perkin,向大家讲解一种新的做题方式——做题看文章交叉进行。一边做题一边看文章，做题看文章交叉进行，乍听之下也许大家会觉得很容易造成阅读混乱，但其实不然，这种做题方式不但省时省事，而且准确率也高。接下来我们一起来看看做题看文章交叉进行这种方法是如何运用在具体的文章中的。 在雅思阅读真题Test 1的reading passage 1 William Henry Perkin，运用做题看文章交叉进行，我们可以很快地把题目做出来，而且无需反复回原文查看。 好吧，我们一起开始做题，记住，且行且思，且看题目且看文章，且思考。 1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognize Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry. 第一道题目讲的是Michael Faraday是第一个赏识Perkin作为一个化学学生所具有的才能，我们猜测考点可能是the first person，立即阅读文章William Henry Perkin：The man who invented synthetic dyes。文章第一段William Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin?s curiosity prompted early interests in the art s, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather?s home that solidified the young man?s enthusiasm for chemistry.大致讲了Perkin的幼年，没找到答案，继续看第二段As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the R oyal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist?s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.我们找到His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall。Thomas Hall鼓励他参加了一系列皇家学院知名科学家Michael Faraday所做的讲座。由此我们知道Michael Faraday不是第一个赏识Perkin的人，在他之前还有Thomas Hall，题目到此我们可以判断为FALSE。 2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry. 留学改变人生，教育改变中国！

剑桥雅思真题剑4test3

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C triple room. 6 She would prefer to live with a A family B single person. C couple. 7 She would like to live in a A flat. B house C studio apartment. Questions 8-10 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer. 8 The----------------will be $320. 9 She needs to pay the rent by cash or cheque on a ------------------ basis. 10 She needs to pay her part of the --------------------bill. SECTION 2 Questions 11-20 Questions 11-14 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 11 When is this year’s festival being held A1-13 January B5-17 January C25-31 January