iDen_ALT2K5_PQE-110_Rev_01
Signatures on File
Revision History
CONTENTS
1.Scope
2.Product Submission
3.Responsibility
3.1 ALT Reliability Manager
3.2 ALT Engineer/Technician
3.3 Design Engineer
4.Reference Documents
5.Definitions and Acronyms
6.Marking the Product
7.Initial Inspection
8.Charging the Units
9.Programming the Units
10.Testing
10.1 Functional Test
10.2 Signaling Test
10.3 Parametric and Blue Tooth Test Specifications
10.4 SQE Testing
10.5 Camera Testing
10.6 GPS
11. Tests Between Stresses to Capture Failures
12 Environmental Sequence
12.1 Thermal Shock
12.2 First Drop Sequence
12.3 First Parallel Shaker Table Vibration and ESD Sequence
12.3.1 First Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
12.3.2 First Shaker Table Vibration
12.4 Dust
12.5 Temperature Cycling
12.6 Temperature Humidity (+65O C/90%RH, 88 88hrs)
12.7 Second Drop Sequence
12.8 Second Parallel Shaker Table Vibration and ESD Sequence
12.8.1 Second Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
12.8.2 Second Shaker Table Vibration
13 Final Parametric & Signaling
13.1 Initial & Final Blue Tooth Test Procedure
13.2 Initial & Final Embedded Camera Test Procedure
13.3 Initial & Final Embedded GPS Test Procedure
13.4 Conclusion of Final Parametric & Signaling
14. Final Inspection
15. Repair and Replacement Policy
15.1 Aborting ALT
15.2 Lost Hours (in ALT failure rate calculations)
APPENDIX
A.ALT2K5 Thermal Environmental Sequence
B.CALT2K5 Thermal Environmental Sequence
C.Temperature Cycling Chamber Profile
D.Temperature Cycle Programming
E.Product X,Y,Z Shaker Orientation Definitions
F.Portable Drop Checklist
G.ALT2K5 Failure Rate Formula
H.ALT “Percent Complete” Chart
1. Scope
1.1This specification provides the proper procedures for successfully conducting both the ALT2K5 “Accelerated
Life Test” and CALT2K5 "Continuous Accelerated Life Test" process audit on iDEN portable wireless products.
Refer to Appendix A for ALT2K5 and Appendix B for CALT2K5. Reference will be made to other supporting 12M specifications to further define specific steps of this process. The purpose of the ALT2K5 is to provide an assessment of product quality, reliability, and design robustness prior to product shipment to customers. The CALT purpose is to demonstrate that the current product being shipped has maintained the product quality and reliability demonstrated by the ALT2K5 goal for ship authorization. More details on CALT are available in the PQE-100 document. Both are accomplished by exposing the product to various environmental and mechanical stresses and measuring the effect on product functionality. These environments have been designed to age and fatigue the product within acceptable limits based on Motorola’s internal specifications, material
specifications, historical performance, and known customer expectations. The results are then used to estimate product failure rates.
1.2The test philosophy has been established through many years of experience testing cellular phones, iDEN,
pagers, and 2-way radios. Engineering judgment has been used to align the process with what the customer would most likely consider a product failure or flaw. Both intermittent/hard malfunctions or degradation of the product will be considered failures. Latent defects will also be counted as failures. The focus of the test
structure is precipitation of a failure, not on definitively isolating what stresses caused what failures. In general, all failures have the same weight, including those found in initial parametric at room temperature or the “Power On” test. However, in some cases, Reliability Engineering judgment may be applied to determine whether some failures carry less weight than the others. Reliability Engineering makes the final judgment as to whether there is a failure and if it is to be included as a failure to be counted in the predicted field reliability percent per month calculation.
2.Product Submission
Products may be submitted by Development Engineering, Manufacturing, or at the request of Reliability
Engineering. A typical submission consists of 40 units for new product testing (ALT2K5), and 14 units for the purpose of auditing the production process (CALT2K5). The sample should be homogeneous in nature and be fully flexed as a customer would receive the product. The product submission page of the Global ALT Database is the form used for submissions. The purpose of this form is to describe what the product is, where it was
manufactured, the reason for submission and who are the Electrical and Mechanical Managers and Engineers and the liaison contacts. All new initiatives and/or changes to hardware/software are to be entered into the form.
All outstanding issues with the design or components are to be documented on the form. Otherwise, it is
assumed the product is completely functional and meets all specifications as submitted. Products must include ancillary components such as antennas, batteries, back covers, SIM cards and Battery Chargers. The latest Lab Load operating software and RSS is to be supplied by Development Engineering. For Pilot and Production Vintage ALTs, the product should be delivered in the condition a customer would receive it in. Hence, product labels should be included and installed, even though these additions are normally made in distribution, and the product might never have been there. Prototype, Experimental and Second Source Vintage ALTs can be
delivered by Development Engineering. Omissions to the above submission items may be waived by an
agreement with the Reliability Engineering Manager. Each submission will be assigned a tracking number by the ALT Reliability Manager. Tracking numbers are generated sequentially as ALT submissions are made.
3.Responsibility
3.1ALT Reliability Manager
3.1.1The ALT Reliability manager shall insure compliance to this document.
3.1.2The ALT Manager shall review the ALT Global Database to assure that Development Engineering has
closed any open issues observed on previous ALTs of the same product.
3.1.3The manager shall assign each ALT to a specific Engineer and or Technician to perform the necessary
testing listed in this document in the order as specified.
3.2ALT Engineer/Technician
3.2.1The Engineer/Technician shall perform the required testing as given in this document.
3.2.2The Engineer/Technician shall fill in the electronic ALT Engineering Report form as given in the Global
Database at the Reliability website. Information and results shall be kept up to date as the data is taken.
3.2.3The Engineer/Technician shall keep the ALT Manager and Development point of contact informed of any
issues as they arise.
3.3Design Engineer
3.3.1The Design Engineer responsible for the ALT submission shall insure that all deliverables are met as given
in this document. It is the responsibility of Development Engineering to provide the necessary unit interface, chamber block and any other supporting requirements to Quality/Reliability Engineering before the ALT
can begin. It is also the Design Engineer’s responsibility to designate whether or not their presence is
required to observe stresses and or testing such as Drop or functional / parametric intervals.
3.3.2The Responsible Design Engineer shall review, perform failure analysis, determine corrective action, and
act upon all reported ALT failures and defects. This shall be documented by the Design Engineer filling in
the failure analysis and corrective action fields in the ALT Engineering Report form.
3.3.3The Design Engineering shall be responsible for the implementation of all corrective actions and close out
of the ALT.
4.Reference Documents
5.Definitions and Acronyms
6.Marking The Product
It is recommended that the product be marked so that it may be accurately tracked. The marking scheme aids the technician by providing an easier way to remember which units go in which environment. See PQE-IOP1 for details regarding the iDEN labeling procedure. The product is then divided into 2 groups, A-B. The units that fall into each of the groups are indicated in the table below. The CALT2K5 is similarly marked but has fewer units.
The following table allocates the units to the groups according to their number, 1-40 for ALT2K5, and 1-14 for CALT2K5. The label material and adhesive used must be capable of withstanding all of the environments in the ALT without significant loss legibility or adhesion and should not cover housing or battery seams and lens which may mask potential separation issues.
7.Initial Inspection: Remove all plastic film coverings. Perform a physical inspection of each unit, including, but
not limited to the following: Antenna retraction/extraction, Battery cover fit, Battery fit, SIM door latch,
Battery cover latch, flip functionality, missing/loose parts, display foreign material, housing cracks and
abnormalities, paint chipping, housing gaps, etc
8.Charging the Units: All iDEN units need to have the Batteries charged before the evaluation can begin. The
minimum of 3 hours to a maximum of overnight is required.
9. Programming the Units: All units are to be programmed so that they may operate on the Motorola Plantation
inter-structure system for direct connect and phone operation.
10.Testing
10.1Functional Test
Functional testing consists of all of the steps required to determine if the product and all its indicators are
electrically and mechanically functioning properly. This testing includes but is not limited to the following:
A complete description of the functional attributes to be tested on iDEN cellular phones is given in PQE-WI24.
10.2Signaling Test
Signaling test requires the use of equipment capable of establishing a phone call and being able to simulate basic system functions. Proper operation of visual indicators, audio quality, and accurate data transmission are to be verified. Testing should be performed under radiated conditions if possible. A complete description of the attributes to be tested on cellular phones is given in PQE-WI24.
10.3.Parametric and Blue Tooth Test
Parametric and Blue Tooth performance is measured at both test day 1 and test day 4. Parametric and Blue Tooth testing is conducted to insure that the product has maintained specified performance with respect to
major electrical parameters. Parametric and Blue Tooth testing at the end of each ALT is to be performed
at the specification limits set out in the controlling specifications for the product or technology. Additional
testing may be performed by each test site. Detailed parametric test information can be found in PQE-WI15.
Blue Tooth test information can be found in PQE-WI28.
10.4SQE Testing
SQE testing is performed by using the internal to the Radio Test Mode Software. Measurements are taken
before the 1st parametric and after the last parametric test days with a comparison before between the two.
Any degradation of more than 3 db is to be considered a failure. Reference SQE Work Instruction PQE-WI20 for more details.
10.5Camera Testing
If the option is included, Camera testing is performed using the Camera Test station. Camera Testing shall be performed in accordance with PQE-WI27. This testing is conducted to insure that product has maintained
specified performance with respect to major camera performance parameters. Specific parametric
requirements shall be provided by Development Engineering for the product to be tested.
10.6 GPS
GPS testing is performed in the Radios BER BUG mode of operation. The GPS test station is used to perform this test. See GPS Work Instruction PQE-WI19.
10.7 EMI
EMI testing is performed in the Radios BER BUG mode of operation. The EMI test station is used to perform this test. See EMI Test Work Instruction PQE-WI29.
11.Tests Between Stresses to Capture Failures
Testing of the product between environmental and mechanical stresses is divided into three
categories, functional, signaling, and parametric. It is at these steps that failures are detected from
the stresses and are then noted. Since this specification is intended to cover many different products,
it is only possible to specify the functionality to be verified in fairly general terms. Some examples for
each category of functionality are provided, but since features and parameters may be unique to the
product being tested, others that are undocumented will probably be tested as well. Personnel
performing the testing should be fully trained in the use and operation of the specific product. This
will facilitate a more robust test coverage and add confidence in the ultimate results. In the event that
new batteries or accessories are submitted for test with the units, perceived failures of the batteries or
accessories should be logged as observations in the ALT database. Such failures could include
intermittent behavior, turn offs, battery detachments, or capacity failures. The ideal is to capture and
address customer perceivable faults and insure consistent product and ALT process performance. 12.Environmental Stresses
12.1Thermal Shock
Procedure:
T/S: Thermal Shock should be completed in a chamber consisting of two compartments, one set to -
40° C. and the other set to +85° C. Product is un-powered and started in the Cold side of the
chamber for 45 minutes. Cycling is from one temperature extreme to the other, and the transition time
between extremes shall be 8 seconds or less.This complete cycle is repeated 27 times and should
end in the hot side of the chamber. Product is to be placed in the chamber in multiple configurations
such as antenna up, antenna down, flip open, flip closed, etc. All units are to be placed face up in the
chamber. Do not allow product to lie on top of another unit.
Requirement:
Functional testing as defined in paragraph 10.1 is to be conducted after this test. No malfunction or
physical deformation should be evident.
12.2First Drop Sequence
Procedure:
The units are to be divided into two groups to be dropped by hand and machine at room temperature,
as indicated on the test flow diagram, and in the table below.
Log the sequence of drops using the table in Appendix F. Drop testing is to be conducted with a
battery attached and the unit turned on. If the units under test have extending features such as a flip
and/or antenna, the samples under test should be evenly distributed to cover all potential
configurations. (See Appendix F). Each unit’s drop is to be documented as to which drop type and
product plane was performed, and what configuration and battery type was used. The units will be
dropped by hand, six times, once on each plane. The drop will attempt to cause the unit to impact on
the side held downward and parallel to the floor at the time of release. For the purposes of record
keeping the side held parallel to the floor is the plane of drop. It should be noted that the release by
hand will often impart some rotation to the product. This rotation causes the drop to be somewhat
random and incidental impact of corners and edges to occur. The machine surface drop is done
using the planar drop fixture. Accessories to that fixture allow the units to be positioned with any
chosen plane parallel to the drop surface. Since the product is released from below, the unit drops
without rotation and always impacts the chosen side. Drop height is to be 4ft. The drop surface will
be a tiled concrete for the rand om drop by hand and ?” steel on tiled concrete for the machine
surface drop. See Mechanical Drop Test Work Instruction PQE-WI09 for mechanical drop tester
setup.
Requirement:
Batteries and covers may detach during drop, but the units must power on once the batteries and
covers have been replaced. At each drop plane the product is given a cursory check of operation.
This cursory check should include powering on the radio and verifying as much functionality as
possible in the time provided. Post drop functional testing per section 10.1 is conducted to insure no
electrical degradation is evident and no mechanical failures such as cracking, chipping, separation,
bent or broken contacts, etc. have occurred. Electrical and mechanical integrity should be maintained.
12.3First Parallel Shaker Table Vibration and ESD Sequence
This parallel test sequence divides the initial 40 units into 4 for ESD and 36 for Shaker Table
Vibration. Of the 36 units for Shaker Table Vibration, 12 units each are vibrated on the X, Y and Z
axes. Each of these axes are described in Appendix E. Note that the first shaker table vibration
environment is done with the units oriented such that the side facing toward the positive axis is facing
the plane of the shaker table. If it is not practical to shake on one or more of the positive axes, then
the associated negative axis may be used instead. An example of this would be the positive Y axis of
most cellular phones. The protruding external antenna makes it nearly impossible to shake the
phone on the Y axis without it falling over or coupling to other axes. For ESD, the 4 units are chosen
so that 2 of the 4 units from ESD eventually go to the Temperature Cycling environment and 2 go to
the Temperature Humidity environment. Additionally, the 4 units chosen for ESD are chosen so that
none of these units will go through dust test in the next step of the ALT/CALT2K5 flow.
12.3.1Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Procedure:
Static discharge is to be performed at +/-5kV or +/-8kV if a CE radio and +/-15kV, air discharge,
on the specified units. The units are to be subjected to 10 discharges at each voltage and polarity
in all defined locations (10 maximum locations) to which a discharge will occur. Discharge
locations are defined early in the design cycle. Development and Reliability Engineering will
determine discharge locations utilizing historical data and actual product ESD data taken during
Proto Certification or Hardware Design Certification Testing. The discharge locations are to be
illustrated per product to insure test to test consistency. The locations are subject to change if
new data presents itself. If applicable, add information to the products address book, store
messages in memory and set the time/date prior to testing. Record which units were used and
the results that were obtained. If it is apparent that the unit for test has lost mechanical housing,
then use approved alternate radio for this test. Refer to PQE-WI13 for more specific detail on
conducting the testing. The discharge to units #1 and 3 should be while in standby (turned on
only) mode. The discharge to units #2 and 4 should be while in transmit mode (unit placed into a
call) while connected to a power source. In both cases, the unit under test will by lying on an
insulator sheet resting on the metal plate, as specified in the 12M09158A58. If the phone
possesses multiple mode and band capability, then tests should be conducted with calls placed in
each mode and in each band applicable to that mode (when possible i.e WLAN/GSM has no test
capability). The units for this test are chosen as described in the table below.
Requirement:
Generally speaking, no soft failures are allowed at +/-5kV or +/-8kV and no hard failures are
allowed at 15kV, as per the 12M09158A58. All functional and signaling tests per sections 10.1
and 10.2 are to occur periodically during the test to determine whether a hard or soft failure has
happened and to provide the failure location, configuration and discharge polarity. Re-power up's
are allowed at 15kV but are counted as failures at +/-5kV or +/-8kV. LOSS of address book,
messages and/or time/date information is counted as a failure at both +/-5 or +/-8kV and +/-15kV.
If the product(s) exhibit loss of address book, messaging or time/date information then the
product(s) shall be reconfigured and testing continued. This is to allow full testing of the defined
test locations. If a lock up condition occurs, the product must NOT be altered or reconfigured.
Rather, it should be submitted for analysis unchanged.
12.3.2First Shaker Table Vibration
Procedure:
The shaker table (Lab model BRVD-48 or equivalent) is to be preset to 30Hz with a displacement
of 0.06”. The test duration is 60 minutes. All units to be subjected to this environment are placed
in a box that is rigidly attached to the shaker. Separator inserts are to be used to maintain the
unit’s orientation during the test. Units are to be powered by fresh fully charged batteries. If more
than one battery size is to be used, mix the sizes randomly among the phones. Units are to be
marked by a strip on the intended housing’s plane facing down using a paint pen. That will be
designated the defined plane. Units should be vibrated for 5 minutes, then checked to see if they
are still on, address book/messages and time/date still in memory, then vibrated for the remaining
55 minutes. Continuous monitoring for the first 5 minutes is recommended but not required.
Refer to PQE-WI05 for further information.
The distribution of the units by orientation is given in the table below. There will be 12 units
vibrated in the X, Y and Z planes. All X and Z plane units shall be vibrated on the + axes
during first shaker table vibration. The Y plane units will be vibrated on the – axis during
both first and second shaker test. (Only the 4 units from ESD#1 (9,12, 29,32) will not be tested.
Requirement:
Units should remain on and address book/messages still in memory, during the first 5 minutes
under test, but may turn off during the next 55 minutes. Units should be free of functional and
signaling failures per testing specified in sections 10.1 and 10.2 after the stress. Cosmetic
degradation to lenses and keypads protected by flips should be counted as failures if they occur
with the flip closed. Paint wear through should be noted as an observation.
12.4Dust
The dust test is to be completed on 16 units. None of the ESD#1 units from 12.3.1 should be
included in this test.
Procedure:
Place the units specified below in the dust chamber for 1 hour. Randomly have half with flip open,
half with antenna extended and units evenly dispersed in orientation between, face up, face down
and a mixture of four 90-degree rotations on supporting surface. If it is apparent that the unit for test
has lost mechanical housing integrity do not select it for this test. For further information refer to Dust
Test Work Instruction PQE-WI12.
Requirement:
All moving parts should retain freedom of movement and the display shall remain unobstructed.
Functional and Signaling performance per sections 10.1 and 10.2 is completed.
12.5Temperature Cycle (-40O C to 75O C, 45 minute dwell, 17O C/min ramp, 88hrs, with condensation cycles per
Appendix D)
Procedure:
All units of group A are to be placed on a shelf inside the chamber allowing an equivalent product
space around them. Product should be fixtured in such a way as to prevent water accumulation on its
surfaces during the test. The units are to have the proper nominal product voltage applied and the
internal auto power-cycling software active throughout the exposure. In some cases, the product may
need to be flashed with software specially designed for this stage of ALT. Each product is different,
so refer to the product 12M. Use power-cycling cables for this purpose. An example of an iDEN
power-cycling routine is given in the chart below. Also, refer to PQE-IOP2 for additional information.
The T/C profile is attached in Appendix C. A minimum temperature ramp rate of 10 degrees C. per minute is required.
Requirement:
All functional and signaling tests per sections 10.1 and 10.2 are to be conducted after this test to insure electrical and mechanical integrity remains.
12.6Temperature Humidity (+65O C/90%RH, 88hrs)
Procedure:
All units of group B are to be placed on a shelf inside the chamber without piling them up on each
other. Product should be fixtured in such a way as to prevent water accumulation on its surfaces
during the test. The units are to have the proper nominal product voltage applied and the internal auto
power-cycling software active throughout the exposure. The auto power-cycling sequence will be the
same here as above in the Temperature Cycling environment.
Requirement:
All functional and signaling tests per sections 10.1 and 10.2 are to be conducted after this test to
insure electrical and mechanical integrity remains.
12.7Second Drop Sequence
The 2nd drop repeats the process flow in 12.2. The table in section 12.2 defines the distribution of
units within the test.
Requirement:
The requirements are the same as those previously stated for the first drop sequence.
12.8Second Parallel Shaker Table Vibration and ESD Sequence
The parallel Shaker Table Vibration and ESD sequence is here repeated with some modifications.
Once again, 36 units are placed in Shaker Table Vibration, distributed by axis with 12 each, on the x,
y and z axes. Each of these axes are described in Appendix E and the distribution of radios between
axes is described in 12.8.1. Note that the second shaker table vibration environment is done with the
units oriented such that the side facing toward the negative axis is facing the plane of the shaker table.
If it is not practical to shake on one or more of the negative axes, then the associated positive axis
may be used instead. 32 of the 36 units tested during second Shaker Table Vibration are those
repeated from the first Shaker Table Test. Earlier units (19,21,39,40) are removed for 2nd ESD testing,
and replaced with units (9,11,29,31) from the first ESD test. For ESD, 4 units will again be tested, but
all should have been through dust in 12.4, and 2 should have been through Temperature Humidity
per 12.5 and 2 through Temperature Cycling per 12.6. Because the units tested with ESD here are
different from those tested in 12.3.1, they must have gone through Shaker Table Vibration in 12.3.2.
12.8.1Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Procedure:
Static discharge is to be performed at +/-5kV or +/-8kV (as per product contract book) and +/-
15kV on the specified units as done previously in 12.3.1. Choose 4 units for this ESD test as
prescribed in the table below.
The requirements are the same as those previously stated for the first ESD sequence. Units #1
and 3 are in standby, while #2 and 4 are in a call while connected to a power source.
12.8.2Shaker Table Vibration
Procedure:
The shaker table test conducted here is the same as that conducted in 12.3.2. The distribution of
units within the test is as specified in the Table below. Note that the second shaker table
vibration environment is done with all units vibrated on the – axes. The table below
describes the distribution of units between vibration axes. Bold numbers are ESD#1 units.
Requirement:
The requirements are the same as those previously stated for the first shaker table vibration
sequence.
13.Final Parametric & Signaling
Final Parametric & Signaling Procedure: The units are split evenly so that half are in the cold
chamber and the other half are in the hot chamber. The units are placed inside the chamber without
piling them up and left without power applied for one hour minimum to reach temperature equilibrium.
A longer period may be required for larger mass product in order to reach product temperature
stabilization. Then power and voltage is applied and the parametric test performance measured at
the indicated channels for each band in each mode of operation possessed by the product. The
distribution of the units between the temperatures is as given in the table below.
Requirement: All parametric, functional and signaling tests are to be conducted during this test and
all product specifications are to be met.
13.1Initial & Final Blue Tooth Test Procedure:
Blue Tooth Minimum Parametric Test Requirements:
a)Tx Power Out
b) Tx Freq
c) Sensitivity
d) Audio Loop back
e) BT Link Indicator verification (fun lighting or other indicator)
f) Blue Wake and Host Wake verification
13.2Initial and Final Embedded Camera Test Procedure:
All tests shall be conducted PQE-WI27. Test limits shall be specified by Development Engineering. Minimum parametric test requirements will require color and focus testing.
13.3Initial and Final Embedded GPS Test Procedure:
Testing shall be conducted per section 10.6. Refer to PQE-WI9 for additional information.
13.4Initial and Final EMI Test Procedure:
Testing shall be conducted per section 10.7. Refer to PQE-WI29 for additional information.
13.5Conclusion of Final Parametric & Signaling
All units are returned to the main flow; refer to 10.1 thru 10.2 for procedures.
14.Final Inspection
The final inspection is done to check for issues, which may not be externally visible. These may include: interior cracks, loose or missing components, signs of contamination or dendrite growth, and potential assembly related issues.
15.Repair and Replacement Policy
Calculation of a failure rate for a product requires that one know the number of device hours of operation elapsed during the test. To maximize the number of device hours in an ALT, product that fails must be repaired and placed back under test as soon as possible. However, the urgency with which repair is pursued will vary with the type of failure. Catastrophic failure modes that can mask other less severe failure modes should be fixed first, while failures that would merely annoy the customer without impeding usage or further testing may not be fixed at all. In some cases these may be fixed as well, in order to capture the defective material for failure analysis and corrective action.
15.1Aborting ALT
If more than 25% of the product in an ALT is out of test for repair at any one time the ALT should be placed on hold until a sufficient number of units can be returned to the ALT to provide an adequate sample size, or terminated, at the discretion of the ALT site manager.
15.2Lost days (in ALT failure rate calculations)
When a unit is out of the ALT the number of lost device days should be calculated and subtracted from the total device days in the ALT for the purposes of calculating the ALT failure rate. For small numbers of units missing for a short time this turns out to be inconsequential to the predicted failure rate. If a unit remains in the ALT with significantly reduced functionality, i.e., no display, can not make or receive calls/pages, or can
not turn on, then it shall be counted as a missing unit and information derived from it will be for “For Your Information” only use. Therefore, making such corrections is left to the discretion of the ALT site manager.
Appendix B: CALT2K5 Thermal Environmental Sequence
Appendix C: Temperature Cycling Chamber Profile
Appendix D: Temperature Cycle Programming