四级篇章阅读理解(含答案)

篇章阅读理解专项扫雷训练

Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section B

Direction: There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage 1

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states —at least in getting people off welfare. It‘s estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994.

In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens Country poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent —twice the national average.

For advocates(代言人)for the poor, that‘s an indication much more needs to be done.

―More people are getting jobs, but it‘s not making their lives any better,‖ says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington.

A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down.

But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.

“Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin(毒素)that was poisoning the family,‖ says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. ―The reform is changing the moral climates in low-income communities. It‘s beginning to rebuild the work ethic(道德观), which is much more important.”

Mr. Rector and others argued that once ―the habit of dependency is cracked,‖then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.

57. From the passage, it can be seen that the author _______.

A. believes the reform has reduced the government‘s burden

B. insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poor

C. is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reform

D. considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful

58. Why aren‘t people enjoying better lives when they have jobs?

A. Because many families are divorced.

B. Because government aid is now rare.

C. Because their wages are low.

D. Because the cost of living is rising.

59. What is worth noting from the example of Athens County is that _______.

A. greater efforts should be made to improve people‘s living standards

B. 70 percent of the people there have been employed for two years

C. 50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfare

D. the living standards of most people are going down

60. From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at _______.

A. saving welfare funds

B. rebuilding the work ethic

C. providing more jobs

D. cutting government expenses

61. According to the passage before the welfare reform was carried out, _______.

A. the poverty rate was lower

B. average living standards were higher

C. the average worker was paid higher wages

D. the poor used to rely on government aid

Passage 2

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one's career in order to attend school full time.

Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one‘s career and family time.

Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals, which are so necessary in today‘s world. The time required to study many be set aside at the student‘s convenience with due regard to all life‘s other requirements. Additional ly, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.

Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the equivalence of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance-learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.

62. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part time education?

A. It requires some break in one's career.

B. It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.

C. It affects one's career.

D .It gives the student less time to share with the family.

63. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning?

A. The student may choose his or her own pace.

B. The student may study at any time to his or her convenience.

C. They can pursue their chosen career while studying.

D. Their tutorial assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, etc.

64. What benefit will distance learning program bring to a business?

A. Recruitment of more talented people.

B. Good image of the business.

C. Better cooperation with universities.

D. Further training of employees and business growth.

65. Good distance learning program have the following characteristic EXCEPT________ .

A. distance learning course is the same as students taking courses in campus

B. the result diploma or degree should be same as on campus study

C. professor-student relationship is strictly one to one all through the course

D. includes subject evaluation tool

66. What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business?

A. Professional growth.

B. Good relationship with the employer.

C. Good impression on the employer.

D. Higher salary.

Passage 3

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.

It‘s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no on e checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.

Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it‘s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.

For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.

Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged

but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.

Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

57. It can be concluded from the passage that ____________.

A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today

B. computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions

C. computer criminals can escape punishment because they can't be detected

D. people commit computer crimes at the request of their company

58. It is implied in the third paragraph that _____________.

A. many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered

B. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem

C. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes

D. most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck

59. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.

B. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.

C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.

D. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.

60. The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that__.

A. they have skills formidably difficult for others to master

B. the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished

C. the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the

criminals words in open court

D. those who commit crimes do not mean bad

61. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?

A. With bad reputation they can hardly find another job.

B. They will be denied access to confidential records.

C. They may walk away and easily find another job.

D. They must leave the country or go to jail.

Passage 4

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

―Tear‘em apart!‖―Kill the fool!‖―Murder the referee ( 裁判)!‖

These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let‘s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way word affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations（含义）may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent”as one of those words .Perhaps the time has come to delete it from

sports terms.

The dictionary meaning of the term ―opponent‖is ―adversary‖; ―enemy‖; ―one who opposes your interests.‖ Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that oppon ent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one‘s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player‘s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. ―Are they wet enough now?‖.

In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent‘s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.

Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升)the game to the level where it belongs, thereby set ting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term ―opponent‖ with ―associate‖ could be an ideal way to start. The dictionary meaning of the term ―associate‖ is ―colleague‖; ―friend‖ ; ―companion.‖ Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term ―associate‖ rather than ―opponent.‖

62. Which of the following statements best expresses the author‘s view?

A. Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences

B. The words people use can influence their behavior

C. Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes

D. Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field

63. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players _______.

A. are too eager to win

B. are usually short-tempered and easily offended

C. cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition

D. treat their rivals as enemies

64. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?

A. He refused to continue the game

B. He angrily hit the referee with a ball

C. He claimed that the referee was unfair

D. He wet his gloves by across his T-shirt

65. According to the passage, players, in a game, may _______.

A. deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way

B. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game

C. lie down on the ground as an act of protest

D. kick the ball across the court with force

66. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ______.

A. calling on players to use on the court

B. raising the referee‘s sense of responsibility

C. changing the attitude of players on the sports field

D. regulating the relationship between players and referees

Passage 5

Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Brazil has become one of the developing world‘s great successes at reducing population growth —but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.

Brazil‘s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world‘s biggest producers of soap operas. Globl, Brazil‘s most popular television network, sho ws three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

―Although they have never really tried to work in a misusage towards the problems o f reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values —not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working,‖ says Martine.―They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.‖

Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. ―This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduc tion‖, says Martine.

57. According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth_______.

A. by educating its citizens

B. by careful family panning

C. by developing TV programmes

D. by chance

58. According to the passage, many Third World countries_______.

A. haven‘t attached much importance to birth control

B. would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate

C. haven‘t yet found an effective measure to control their population

D. neglected the role of TV plays in family planning

59. The phrase ―puts it down to‖ (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ―_______‖.

A. attributes it to

B. sums it up as

C. finds it a reason for

D. compares it to

60. Soap operas have helped in lowering Braz il‘s birth rate because_______.

A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TV

B. they have gradually changed people‘s way of life

C. people are drawn to package

D. they popularize birth control measures

61. What is Martine‘s conclusion about Brazil‘s population growth?

A. The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.

B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.

C. Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.

D. A country‘s production is limited by its population growth.

Passage 6

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America‘s energy future ? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR‘s oil would help ease California‘s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country‘s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.

The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall(意外之财)in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费)and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insi gnificant. ―We‘ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.‖ says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.

Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America‘s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR‘s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State‘s electricity output –and just 3% of the nation‘s.

62. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?

A. It will exhaust the nation‘s oil reserves.

B. It will help secure the future of ANWR.

C. It will help reduce the nation‘s oil imports

D. It will increase America‘s energy consumption

63. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry _______.

A. believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields

B. tends to exaggerate America‘s reliance on foreign oil

C. shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR

D. expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia

64. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that _________.

A. it can cause serious damage to the environment

B. it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems

C. it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region

D. it will not have much commercial value

65. What do the environmentalists mean by saying ―Not so fast‖ (Line1, Para .3)?

A. Oil exploitation takes a long time

B. The oil drilling should be delayed

C. Don‘t be too optimistic

D. Don‘t expect fast returns

66. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR‘s frozen earth ______.

A. remains a controversial issue

B. is expected to get under way soon

C. involves a lot of technological problems

D. will enable the U.S. to be oil independent

Passage 7

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Television, or TV, the modern wonder of electronics, brings the world into your own home in sight and sound. The name television comes from the Greek word tele, meaning ―far‖,and the Latin word videre, meaning ―to see‖. Thus, television means ―seeing far‖. Sometimes television is referred to as video, from a Latin word meaning ―I see‖. In Great Britain, the popular word for te levision is ―telly‖.

Television works in much the same way as radio. In radio, sound is changed in to electromagnetic waves which are sent through the air. In TV, both sound and light are changed into electromagnetic waves. Experiments leading to modern television took place more than a hundred years ago. By the 1920s, inventors and researchers had turned the early theories into working models. Yet it took another thirty years for TV to become an industry.

As an industry, TV provides jobs for hundreds of thousands who make TV sets and broadcasting equipment. It also provides work for actors, technicians, and others who put on programs. Many large schools and universities have ―closed—circuit‖ television equipment that will telecast lectures and demonstrations to hundreds of students in different classrooms; and the lecture can be video taped to be kept for later use. Some hospitals use TV to allow medical students to get close-up view of operations. In 1946, after World War II, TV began to burst upon the American scene with a speed unforeseen even by the most optimistic leaders of the industry. The novelty of seeing TV pictures in the home caught the publics fancy and began a revolution in the world of entertainment. By 1950, television had grown into a major part of show business. Many film and stage stars began to perform on TV as television audiences increased. Stations that once telecast for only a few hours a day sometimes telecast around the clock in the 1960s.

57. ―… others who put on programs. ‖means that ____.

A) people get on their clothes with programs printed on

B) people prepare and present the programs on TV

C) people like the programs

D) people acted in the TV programs

58. “…to allow medical students to get close up view of operations ‖ suggests ____.

A) the students can have view of operations with enlarged details

B) the students can operate through TV

C) the students were allowed to learn operations

D) TV is being used by students

59. ―… TV began to burst upon the American, ‖ indicates that ____.

A) in 1946 TV sets exploded in American families

B) TV may injure people

C) TV suddenly became available to many American families

D) TV was very popular in 1946

60. ― TV pictures in the home caught the public s fancy, …‖ tells us ____.

A) TV pictures are better than movies

B) TV pictures can be seen at home

C) TV pictures can hurt people s eyes

D) TV pictures had aroused people s interests

61. ―… sometimes telecast around the clock in the 1960s. ‖ means ____.

A) TV telecast used to have a round clock

B) people watch TV with around clock nearby

C) TV telecast 24 hours a day in the 1960s

D) TV was on show everyday

Passage 8

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

In the debates about how a particular piece of land is to be used, the priorities often conflict. What should you do, for example, if you find out that under the fertile fields of a there is a thick bed of coal which can be strip mined? Strip mining rips up top soil and vegetation. But mining may create jobs, bring money to the towns businesses. Those who approve of strip mining say that the coal is needed, and they point out that it is quicker and cheaper to get coal from the surface than to go deep into the earth to get it by standard mining techniques. On the other hand, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of top soil. As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more need for open space. Nearly every proposal for a new power plant, highway, or airport draws fierce opposition. Everyone wants the big, land-eating ―uglies‖ to be in someone else‘s backyard. Minneapolis and St.Paul, Minnesota, for example, have been debating about the site of a future airport for years. Yet if a new airport is needed, it will have to go somewhere.

How do we find our way out of the land-used problem? One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions. Does everyone have to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots? What about developing mass transit systems that use less land? Do suburbs have to sprawl? Can they be designed so they use less space? Do we have to have more energy? If we do, do we really have to strip-mine coal to provide it?

However difficult they may be to arrive at, choices will have to be made if we want to preserve the beauty and usefulness of the land. For there is at least one point on which all of us can agree: The land does have its limits.

62. The word ―priorities‖ in the sentence means ____.

A) the various needs B) the most important goal

C) the number one necessity D) the first thing to be considered

63. ―… , people are becoming more need for open space. ‖ tells us that ____.

A) people are thinking to develop their living space into the sky

B) people noticed the need for unoccupied land

C) people are struggling to get more land from the space

D) people are becoming more active on the space issue

64. How do we find our way out of the land use problems?

A) One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions.

B) Everyone has to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots.

C) We have to have more energy. We need strip mine coal to provide it.

D) We may develop mass transit systems which use less land.

65. ―Everyone wants the big, land-eating ?uglies to be in someone else s backyard.‖ shows that

____.

A) people don t want more big projects

B) people don t want to live in the neighborhood of the big projects

C) people regard the large construction projects are ―uglies ‖

D) people don t like the undesirable building projects

66. The main idea of this article is ____.

A) The Limits of Land B) Land

C) Land and Our Life Styles D) Land and Space

Passage 9

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Nearly 54 million cars and trucks in the United States are equipped with driver side air bags located in the center of the steering wheel. 24 million also have a passenger-side device located in the dashboard. Air bags are designed to protect against sudden, fierce frontal highway impacts.

Five years ago evidence of serious air-bag injuries began to surface. Drivers in minor fender benders suffered severe eye and ear injuries, broken bones and third-degree burns from the force of the inflating bags. In December 1991 the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) advised parents to avoid putting rear-facing infant sets in front of air bags, acknowledging that the force of the explosive bag could harm infants, whose heads were only inches away from the devices.

Last October it was determined that all children 12 and under were more susceptible to injury and death than adults; their more fragile bodies were seated lower, increasing the impact of the air bag to the head area. In addition, more children were not properly restrained or were out of position when the air bag inflated. On November 22, 1996, after nearly 60 deaths and thousands of injuries were attributed to the devices, the NHTSA mandated improved labels for all new vehicles, warning of the risk to children under 13.

Despite these problems, officials stress the overall effectiveness of these devices. ―All in all, air bags work well and are responsible for an 11 percent reduction in driver fatalit ies,‖ says NHTSA Administrator Dr. Ricardo Martinez. ―First and foremost, make sure you‘re properly buckled up before getting on the road,‖ says Brain O‘Neill, president of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Keep in mind how close you sit to an air bag. Push seats as far back as possible, remaining just close enough to control the pedals. Your face and torso should be at least ten to 12 inches from the steering column. ―It‘s not a bad idea actually to measure the distance with a ruler

to be sure.‖ adds O‘Neill.

Adjustable steering wheels should be pointed toward the chest rather than the head to prevent inflating bag from damaging the face or neck. Also, position hands at nine o‘clock and three o‘clock on the wheel to keep your arms away from an opening air bag. Pregnant women in particular should keep their abdomen as distant from the air bag as possible. In the final trimester, women should point adjustable steering wheels upward, away from their fetus. Perhaps most important, children 12 and under should always ride in the back seat, buckled up.

57. From the passage, we learned that ____.

A) there are 24 million cars and trucks in the United States

B) there are 78 million cars and trucks in the United States

C) there are 24 million cars and trucks equipped with air-bags in the United States

D) there are 78 million cars and trucks equipped with air-bags in the United States

58. The air bags are ____.

A) safety devices which can protect people from being hurt during highway accidents

B) unsafe devices which hurt many people

C) safety devices which saved 11% American drivers

D) safety devices but need to be improved

59. The air-bag is located in the center of the steering wheel, so you should ____.

A) keep in mind how close you sit to an air bag

B) push the front seat as far back as possible, remaining just close enough to control the pedal

C) keep your face and torso at least 10 to 12 inches from the steering column

D) all of the above

60. Adjustable steering wheels should ____.

A) be pointed toward the chest rather than the head

B) be driven at 9 o clock

C) be driven at 3 o clock

D) keep your arms away from an opening air bag

61. The air bag is a good safety device, but children 12 and under should always ride in the back

seat buckled up means ____.

A) air bags are no good for children

B) air bags are only good for the parents who have more than 12 children

C) the best position for children to ride a car is in the back seat and be buckled up

D) the front seat is unsafe for young people

Passage 10

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Solar energy for your home is coming. It can help you as a single home owner. It can help the whole country as well. Whether or not solar energy can save your money depends on many things. Where you live is one factor. The type of home you have is another. Things like insulation present energy coasts, and the type of system you buy are added factors.

Using solar energy can help save our precious fuel. As you know, our supplies of oil and gas are very limited. There is just not enough on hand to meet all our future energy needs. And when Mother Nature says that‘s all. The only way we can delay hearing those words is by starting

to save energy now and by using other sources, like the sun.

We wont have to worry about the suns running out of energy for another several billion years or so. Besides begin an endless source of energy, the use of the sun has other advantages as well. The sun doesn‘t offer as many problems as other energy sources. For example, fossil fuel plants add to already high pollution levels. With solar energy, we will still need sources of energy, but we won‘t need as much. That means we can cut down on our pollution problems. With all these good points, why don‘t we use more solar power? There are many reasons for this. The biggest reason is money. Until now, it was just not practical for a home owner to put in a solar unit. There were cheaper sources of energy. All that is changing now. Solar coats are starting to equal the costs of oil and electricity. Experts say that gas, oil and electricity prices will continue to rise. The demand for electricity is increasing rapidly. But new power plants will use more gas, oil or coal. Already in some places the supply of electricity is being rationed. Solar energy is now in its infancy. It could soon grow to become a major part of our nations energy supply.

62. Which statement best expresses the main idea?

A) Something about Solar Energy and Pollution.

B) Solar Energy.

C) Energy and Pollution

D) Energy and Money.

63. Solar energy can help us save ____.

A) the earth and natural resources

B) mother nature

C) the sun

D) our precious fuel

64. The sun is an endless source of energy, it will not run out of it for ____.

A) several million years B) several hundred years

C) several billion years D) several thousand years

65. Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Energy from coal would not pollute our living environment.

B) Energy from natural gas would not pollute our living environment.

C) Energy from the sun would not pollute our living environment.

D) Energy from oil would not pollute our living environment.

66. Solar energy is now in its infancy, ____.

A) but it will be considered as an important part of our nation‘s energy supply

B) yet we will build more power plants

C) and the supply of electricity will be rationed

D) but we don t need practice energy rationing now

【篇章阅读理解专项扫雷训练】答案与解析

Passage 1

这是一篇关于福利制度改革的论说文。短文论述了福利制度改革成功的标志是让尽可能多的人不依靠政府福利生活。短文于第一分两个层次论述：二至五段是一种衬托性阐述，通过二、四、五段中三个“but”,阐述了福利制度改革中许多人虽然离开了福利资助，但生活和收入水平反而有所下降现实;第二层次(六至八段)通过But转入正面论述改革的成功和意义，即改革让人打破依赖的习惯，重建了工作道德观。

57. D 主题归纳。由短文第一(第六段)阐述，能清楚归纳出作者的论点。

58. C 要点定位理解。由题干问句定位至短文第一层次，第二、四、五段都提及not enjoy better lives这一结果，但只有第二段第二句中的took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour 回答了原因。

59. A 要点定位理解。由题干之Athens County 定位至短文第二、三段。选项B是Athens Country事例的内容，A是该事例引出段中的“that’s an indication much more needs to be done”。

60. B 主题归纳。由短文第二层次三个段落的论述①穷人自食其力本身是一大胜利;②改革改变低收和主阶层的并开始重建work ethic;③打破依赖习惯)可知，福利改革的根本目的是帮助穷人自食其力，改掉依赖习惯，重建工作道德。

61. D 要点推断。由福利改革的成功(getting people off welfare)、改革的结果(more people take jobs)和改革的目的(rebuild work ethic, crack the habit of dependency),推测改革前的情况，可知是更多的人不工作，被动依赖政府福利资助。

Passage 2

【短文大意】本文主要通过函授教育和远程教育的比较，来说明远程教育的优点。

62. A 推断题。问题问及选项中哪个不是业余教育的缺点。依据文章第一段中nearly all require some break in one's career in order to attend school full time可以看出，参加全日制学习需要中断自己的事业，在第二段中作者又说Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people.业余教育，只需要晚上和周末学习，因此需要中断自己的事业不是部分时间教育的缺点。而其他选项都是文章提及的part time education 的不利条件。

63. D 细节题。文章提到的优缺点是几种教育方式之间的比较，问题问及哪个选项的内容不是远程教育的优点。前三个选项，A."学生可以选择自己的进度"，B."学生可以在他(或她)方便的时候学习"，C."在学习的同时还可以追求自己的事业"都是文章中提及的与另两种方式比较的优点。在文章第二段最后，作者指出Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传以及因特网等方式进行，作者只是提出了一种可能，实际上是弥补distance education的不足的一个建议，并不是远程教育(函授)的优点。因此选项D符合题意。

64. D 细节题。选项A、B、C在文章中都没有提及，依据文章最后一段，a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business一个良好的远程教育计划不仅对个人有好处，而且对那些公司或者商业机构来说也是意义重大。选项D说的也正是这个意思，故为正确选项。

65. C 细节题。意为：教授和学生之间的关系是严格地"一对一的"，而这不符合作者意图，参见原文末段，individuality并不是意指严格地"一对一"。

66. A 细节题。注意本题与上题的区别，上一题问及远程教育对公司的好处，本题则是远程教育对职工，也就是个人的好处。同样依据文章最后一段，a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. 远程教育可以帮助雇员提高教育素质和职业技能从而促使事业的发展，正确选项为A。

Passage 2参考译文：

现在，那些想继续接受教育的人，都面临着许多选择。然而，几乎所有的人都会中断事

业去参加学校的全日制课程。函授教育是晚间或一个月的每个周这种教育倾向于把时间拖得很长，并且很多人难于完成这种学位。而且，这种课程有固定的时间，这也对参加者的工作和生活带来一定的负面影响。

在关于教学的众多方法中，远程教育或许是最方便，最具灵活性的了。远程教育允许学生根据自己的进度灵活变通地进行学习，直到达到教学要求的目标。这种教育方法在现代世界中是十分必要的，课程要求的学习时间可以根据个人生活中的其它需要而暂时搁置或另作安排。此外，学生在工作的同时就可以在世界上的任何地方学习远程教育的课程。教师的辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传以及因特网等方式进行。

良好的远程教育计划以每一科目都具有课程评估方法为特征。这样就省去了学生必须从家跑到学校参加考试的麻烦。另一个特征是远程教育课程所采用的学习资料与在校生的学习资料是一样的。无论参加的是远程教育还是学校教育，学生所取得的文凭与学位都是一个特征是，教授与学生的关系是一对一的。从最后的分析中可以看到，一个良好的远程教育计划不仅对学生个人有好处，而且对公司或商业机构来说也是意义重大，它可以帮助雇员提高教育素质，职业技能从而促进事业发展。因此，支持雇员参加远程教育课程会使公司具备一种优势，那就是拥有一批有职业头脑并为个人和职业发展不断进步的员工。

Passage 3

【短文大意】本文主要讲述计算机犯罪很难被发现，即使一旦被发现，也不会像其它犯罪一样，被流放或进监狱，反而常常是得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。

57.B 推断题。首先根据第二段可知，A是错误的，因为计算机犯罪不是不能发现的。C"用计算机犯罪的罪犯可以逃脱惩罚，因为他们不会被发现"，D"利用计算机犯罪的人是应他们公司的要求这样做的"都是错误的，文中没有提到。只有B，"计算机犯罪是金融机构里最严重的问题"是在文中第一段中暗示了的。因此选B。

58.A 推断题。文章的第三段指出，"究竟有多少计算机犯罪，我们没有确切的统计数字，令人不安的是很多计算机犯罪是偶然中被发现的，而不是系统的检查或者通过其他安全防范措施而发现的。"这说明A是正确的：没有被发现的计算机犯罪比被发现的计算机犯罪要多得多。

59.D 细节题。A是"应该建立一套严格的反计算机犯罪的法律"，B"公司应该对绝密的材料进行严格的控制"，C"公司为了维护其声誉，应该对计算机犯罪严加防范"，文中都没有提到。只有D在文中最后两段中有所表述。公司出于对自己声誉的考虑，往往对计算机犯罪含糊其辞，遮遮掩掩。

60.C 细节题。雇主对计算机犯罪者的宽容可能有各种原因。A、B、C、D所说的情形，在现实中都可以出现，但文中提到的只有C项，参见末段。

61.C 细节题。答案在文中的倒数第二段中：计算机犯罪分子和其他犯罪分子不同的是，他们不仅不会流亡国外，或者自杀或者进监狱，而且还往往得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。

Passage 3 参考译文：

企业、政府以及金融机构的运作越来越多地被存在于计算内存中的信息所控制。只要够聪明，任何人为了个人目的而修改了这些信息都可以获得丰厚的奖励，更糟的是，许多从事这类活动并被抓住的人却已大摇大摆的逃脱了惩罚。

如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。

当然，我们没有未被发现的罪犯的统计数字。但是，当我们谈到我们所了解的仅仅是被偶然发现而不是系统监测或其他安全程序发现的罪犯有多少时，我们还是会感到很不安，那

些被抓住的计算机罪犯只是意外霉运的牺牲者罢了。

例如，某个打孔操作员抱怨不得不加班为额外的卡片打孔。调查表明，那些额外的卡片是用作非法交易的。另一种情形，实施计算机满的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。

不同于其他(那些必须离开国家，自杀或进监狱的)违法者，计算机罪犯有时可以逃脱惩罚，不仅要求不被控诉而且还索好处，而他们的要求通常都会得到满足。

为什么会这样呢?因为公司行政人员害怕公众发现他们的计算机被误用从而对两公司造成很坏的公众影响。他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法，他们(公司高层)犹豫了。因此，另一个计算机罪犯带着他需要的推荐信离开了，继续他的罪恶职业。Passage 3 Vocabulary：

1.reap n. 收获

2.get away 逃脱

3.glowing adj. 热情洋溢的

4.recommendation n. 推荐信

5.statistics n. 统计数字

6.disturbing adj. 令人忧虑的

7.keypunch v. 打孔

8.tip off 泄露

9.transaction n. 交易

10.juggle v. 玩戏法，篡改

11.confidential adj. 绝密的

12.depart v. 离开

Passage 4

这是一篇关于竞技比赛与体育道德的议论文。文章对体育竞赛中的种种问题提出了作者的看法。文中指出，体育竞争的对手不是敌人。要改上的不良状况，必须改变运动场上选手之间的敌对状态，将对手视为伙伴。

62. B 推论题：人们使用的词汇能影响他们的行为。哪一种说法最能表达作者的观点呢?参见原文第2段：words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior。(一些具有特殊含义的词可能会使我们做出与人文精神相异的行为，即使人文精神通常贯彻于我们日常行为中。)其他选项：A，体育运动中的积极的行为可能会有严重的后果;C，体育运动中的不愉快的词语经常被外国的运动员使用;D，裁判员的不公正裁判将会导致在体育场上的暴力。

63. D 细节题：(运动员说粗话的原因是他们)把自己的对手当作敌人对待。参见原文第3段第2句：Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy。其他选项：A，太渴望取得胜利;B，通常脾气火爆，容易被冒犯;C，不能在激烈竞争中礼貌待人。

64. D 细节题：他将手套在湿运动衫上擦湿。参见原文第3段：首球运动员请求暂停(a time out)换手套，裁判员认为手套不太湿，不同意暂停。于是运动员于裁判斗气，故意将手套在那个擦一通，将手套弄湿。参见本段最后一句：The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. ―Are they wet enough now?‖其他选项的意思是：A，他拒绝继续比赛; B，他愤怒地用球击裁判员;C，他声称裁判不公正。

65. A 细节题：将球砸向任何故意犯规阻挡他们的人。参见原文第4段第2句：I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately

hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play。其他选项：B，在整个比赛中继续尖声喊叫和呼喊;C，躺在地上以表示抗议;D，用力将球踢出球场。

66. C 主旨题：改变运动场上选手的(敌对)态度。文章第5段谈判，要改上的不良状况，必须改变运动场上选手的敌对态度，将对手视为伙伴(Replacing the term ―opponent‖with ―associate‖ could be an ideal way to start.)其他选项：A，呼吁运动员在球场上使用文明语言;B，提高裁判员的责任感;D，调整运动员和裁判员之间的关系。

Passage 5

这是一篇关于巴西人口增长率下降原因分析的说明文。短文开门见山提出主题：巴西人口增长率下降主要是意外的原因(by accident);第二段列举人口增长率下降的数据;而后用三段篇幅剖析两大特殊原因：通俗电视连续剧和分斯付款计划，第三段第三句至第四段剖析连续剧导致人口增长率下降的机理，第五段讲分期付款带来的消费模式的改变及其与人口繁殖的关系。

57. D 主题句理解。短文第一句中more by accident than design相当于more by chance than on purpose.

58. C 要点定位推断。短文中两处提到Third World countries: ①第一段第二句“countries such as India”;②第二段最后一句“an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries”。两句都暗示这些国家做得不如巴西成功。

59. A 词语理解。由上下文确定put it down to 中的it 指上文巴西成功降低人口增长率的事实，句中to后接的是导致这一(电视剧和分期付款计划)，前后显然是一种因果关系。60. B 要点定位归纳。本题指向第三、四两段关于电视连续剧影响人口出生率的要点：电视剧中把上层阶级行为模式和价值观包装得十分诱人，传递到巴西的各个地方，影响着各个阶层的生活方式。少生孩子就是这一生活方式的一大特点。

61. B 要点结论归纳。conclusion 必然在短文最后一段，由consumption was incompatible with unlimited reproduction 即可归纳结论B。

Passage 6

这是一篇报道性的文章。文中就美国阿拉斯加州北极地区国家野生动植物保护区(ANWR)地下资源是否开发，以保证美国未来能源的需要，列出了正反两方面的意见。布什总统主张开放这一地区的地下资源，是有业内也积极响应;但环保主义者却提出反对意见，认为此举杯水车薪(a drop in the bucket),无济于事。

62. C 细节题：(布什总统认为)这将有助于减少国家的石油进口。根据第1段第3句He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease California's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence可作出判断。boost to the country's energy independence(推进国家的能源自主)即“有助于减少国家的石油进口”，所以正确答案为C。其他选项：选项A，浙江耗尽国家的资源; B，这将确保ANWR的未来; D，这将增加美国的能源消耗。

63. A 简单推论题：(美国石油业)相信在ANWR钻探将会有高产石油。第1段末尾根据1998年的勘测，ANWR石油的产量为3 billion to 16 billion 桶，第2段谈到，The oil industry goes with the high end of the range(美国石油业倾向于这个范围的高端)，也就是说ANWR地区有高产石油。其他选项：B，倾向于夸大美国对外国的石油的依赖;C，对在ANWR开采石油没显出什么兴趣;D，期待停止从沙特阿拉伯进口石油。

64. B 细节题：(反对者认为)这种做法对解决美国能源问题没多大作用。参见文中第3段：there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels......a drop in the bucket that would do virtually

nothing to ease America‘s energy problems.其他选项：A，此举会造成环境的严重的破坏; C，此举会耗尽阿拉斯加地区的石油储量; D，此举没多少经济价值。这些都不是反对者的主要论点。

65. C 推论题：不要太乐观。原文的Not so fast也即是“ANWR的开采没那么快”，后面谈到消费者至少要等待10年才能获利(consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits),所以正确答案是C。

66. A 推论题：(ANWR的开采)仍然是一个有争议的问题。文章从正反两方面提出了开发ANWR地区石油的利弊，但没有一个定论，因此正确答案是A。其他选项：B，可望很快进行开发;C，包括许多技术方面的问题;D,将使美国能够在石油上独立自主。

Passage 7

【短文大意】现代电子科学的奇迹——电视使我们呆在家就可以知道外面的世界。“television ”一词来源于希腊词“tele”和拉丁词“videre”，意思是“看见远处”。电视将声音和图像以电磁波的形式发射到空气中，跟收音机的原理一样。一百多年前就开始做实验，直到20多就业机会，许多大学教室里装有闭路电视，医院也用电视让学生们看清手术过程。二战后，电视在美国流行起来，到1950 年电视成为娱乐圈的主要部分。

57. 答案B 。

【试题分析】此题考查句意理解。

【详细解答】这里表示的是准备和上映的意思，而不是穿上印有节目的衣服或在电视节目中表演等。

58. 答案A 。

【试题分析】此题考查句意理解。

【详细解答】这里表示让学生们能更清晰地观看手术过程。

59. 答案C 。

【试题分析】此题考查句意理解。

【详细解答】表示对很多美国家庭而言电视机突然变得很容易拥有了。

60. 答案D 。

【试题分析】此题考查句意理解。

【关键词语】catch one s fancy

【详细解答】指电视节目让人们很感兴趣而愿意收看。词组“catch/take one s fancy ”意为“被某人喜欢”。

61. 答案C 。

【试题分析】此题考查对关键词组的理解。

【关键词语】around the clock

【详细解答】指每天24 小时不间断地播放电视节目。…“around/round the clock ”意思是“all day and all night without stopping”。

Passage 8

【短文大意】关于如何利用某块土地的问题，首先应考虑什么经常成为辨论的要点。例如，如果在肥沃的农田下面发现有厚厚的一层可开采的煤的话，该如何做呢? 开矿得掀开上面的土壤和蔬菜，但开矿可以提供就业机会，给城市商业带来经济利益。赞成开采的认为需要煤且这样挖煤更容易，但另一方面，表层的土壤也十分珍贵，人们越来越需要开阔的空间。所以修建新的机场、发电厂、公路等计划几乎都遭到强烈的反对，那么如何解决土地利用问题呢? 更换价值观念可能是一种解决办法。如果我们想保持土地的美，又使土地可以利用，

无论多难也得作出选择，毕竟土地有限这一点是大家公认的。

62. 答案D 。

【试题分析】此题考查根据上下文推测单词意思的能力。

【详细解答】应是首先要考虑的事情，而不是 A “多种需要”，B “最重要的目的”，或

C “第一需要”。

63. 答案B 。

【试题分析】此题考查句意理解。

【详细解答】应该注意到未被占用的土地的重要性，而不是向天空发展或向空间要地等。

64. 答案A 。

【参考译文】我们该如何解决土地利用的问题呢?

【试题分析】此题考查对文章倒数第二段的理解，见该段第二句话。

【详细解答】应是更新价值观念，换一种新的思维方式。B 、C 、D 都不符合题意。

65. 答案B 。

【参考译文】“每个人都希望别人的后园有大片的“难看的东西”表明……

【试题分析】此题考查难句的意思。

【详细解答】人们都不愿意与大型建筑物为邻。

66. 答案A 。

【试题分析】此题考查文章主旨。

【详细解答】本文主要讲述的是土地的极限，而不是泛泛谈论土地、生活方式或空间等。

Passage 9

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57. 答案D 。

【试题分析】此题考查对文章头两句的理解。

【详细解答】因为有2400 万辆车在乘客座位前也安装了防护气囊，其它几个选择不符合题意。

58. 答案D 。

【试题分析】此题考查对全文的综合理解。

【详细解答】因为防护气囊的确是有待更进一步完善的保安装置。

59. 答案D 。

【参考译文】防护气囊位于方向盘的中央，所以司机应该……

【试题分析】此题考查对段意的理解。

【详细解答】根据文章第四段的大意可知A 、B 、C 均为应注意的事项，因此选D 。

60. 答案A 。

【参考译文】可调试的盘应该对准前胸而不是头部。

【试题分析】此题为寻找并理解信息题。

【详细解答】文章指出“只有这样，在车祸时，驾车人的头才能得到最有效的保护。”见文章倒数第三段第一句、第二句，意思是把两手分别放在方向盘上3 点钟和9 点钟的位置以便使手臂远离开着的防护气囊。

61. 答案C。

【参考译文】防护气囊是安全装置，但12 岁以下的儿童应该总是坐在后座并且系上安全带意味着……

【试题分析】此题考查句意理解。

【详细解答】根据文章所述观点，这是最好的保护儿童的方式。

Passage 10

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62. 答案B 。

【试题分析】此题考查文章的主题。

【详细解答】本文讲解太阳能，其余的答案都不符合题意。

63. 答案D 。

【试题分析】此题为直接寻找信息题。

【详细解答】“太阳能可以节省能源”与题意最贴切。见文章第二段第一句。

64. 答案C 。

【参考译文】太阳能是一种永恒的能源，几十亿年不会枯竭。

【试题分析】此题为寻找具体信息题。

【详细解答】文中所说的太阳的寿命是几十亿年。见文章第三段第一句。

65. 答案C 。

【试题分析】此题为判断题。

【详细解答】只有太阳能无污染。

66. 答案A 。

【参考译文】现在太阳能处于婴儿期，但不久将会成为我国能源的重要组成部分。

【试题分析】此题考查对文章主旨的理解。

【详细解答】太阳能将是今后的主要能源。见文

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