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高考英语语法最后30天精讲精练

基本句型

英语的五种基本句型结构：

★主语+ 不及物动词(SV)

★主语+ 连系动词(SVC)

★主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语(SVO)

★主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语(SVOD)

★主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语(SVOC)

1.S + V

He works. He is studying.

①主语＋谓语(vi.) ＋状语(从句)

The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere

②主语＋谓语(vi.) ＋名词短语

We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years.

2. S + V + C

He is a student / in yellow / there…

①主语+ be + 表语表语由下列词充当：名词、形容词、副词、

介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等

②主语+ 其它连系动词+ 表语这些连系动词包括：appear,

continue, feel, go(变成), keep, lie(处于…状态), look, prove, remain,

seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn

Bob lay sick.

His dream comes true.

3. S + V + O

An idea struck me.

①主语＋谓语(v. + prep)＋宾语

It depends on the weather. 备用词：act as, agree on / with / to, arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to,

prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about

②主语＋谓语(v. + adv.)＋宾语

I thought over the plan. I thought it over.

备用词：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in

NOTICE:●v + adv. + prep. get along with, add up to, do away with,

break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with

●v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of,

take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in

③主语＋谓语＋宾语＋介词＋宾语

The teacher punished him for being late.

Congratulate him on his success. Compare this with that.

4. S + V + O + D (间接宾语由代词和名词充当)

①主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语

Will you lend me your pen, please ?

She bought him many toys.

②主语+ 谓语+ 直接宾语+ 介词+ 代词或名词

Will you lend your pen to me, please ?

She bought many toys for him.

备用词：pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave

5.S + V + O + C

宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种：

●主表关系；

●主谓关系。宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当

主表：①I find the book interesting. (主谓宾＋形容词)

②I saw him there. (主谓宾＋副词)

③I found the book on the desk.(主谓宾＋介词)

④We elected him monitor. (主谓宾＋名词)

主谓：①They saw the thief running away. (主谓宾+ 现在分词）

②Where did you see him knocked down?(主谓宾＋过分词)

③What makes you think so ?(主谓宾＋动词不定式)

It句型

1. It + be + adj. + (for sb) to do sth →sth + be + adj. + to do

It is not easy to learn English. (English is not easy to learn.)

备用词：difficult, necessary, important, quick, hard, etc.

2. It + be + adj. + of sb to do sth →sb. + be + adj. + to do sth

It was foolish of Tom to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire.

(Tom was foolish to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire.)

备用词：wise, clever, bright, kind, nice, silly, stupid, cruel, etc.

3. It takes sb + some time + to do sth →sb spends time in doing sth

It took him two days to find the elephant.

(He spent two days in finding the elephant.)

4. It is no use doing sth.

It is no use regretting your past mistakes.

备用词：no good, useless, etc.

5. It costs sb. + money + to do sth

It cost them 36,000 francs to buy the necklace.

→The necklace cost them 36,000 francs .

They spent 36,000 franc on the necklace.

They spent 36,000 francs (in) buying the necklace.

They paid 36,000 francs for the necklace.

They bought the necklace for 36,000 francs.

6. It + be + adj. (n.) + that-clause

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.

It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.

备用词：natural, surprising, true, wonderful, etc.

7.It + be + adj. + that-clause (should do sth)

It is necessary that he (should) be present at the meeting.

备用词：strange, important,impossble

8. It + be + p.p. + that-clause

it is said that he has been ill for years. (He is said to have been…）备用词：reported, known, believed, decided, announced, etc.

9. It + be + p.p. + that-clause (should do sth.)

It is demanded that the homework (should) be finished at once.

备用词：ordered, suggested, required, requested, etc.

10. It seems + that-clause →sb. + seems + to do sth.

It seems that they are talking. (They seem to be talking.)

备用词：happen

11. It is + some time since-clause →sb. has + p.p. + for time

It is three years since he came here. (He has been here for years.)

12. It is + 被强调部分+ that (who)

It is through struggle that we learn this truth.

13. It + be time + for sth / to do sth. / that-clause

It is time for supper. It is time to have supper.

It is time that we should have supper.

It is time that we had supper.

14. It + be + long(时间段）+ before-clause

It will not be long before we turn our hope into reality.

15. It is (just) like sb. to do sth.

该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。。。这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。

It’s like him to leave the work to others.

他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。

It isn’t like him to have said anything like that.他可不是说出那种话的人。

16. It is up to sb. to do sth.

该句型为“该由某人做。。。”。该句型中up后的to是介词。

There Be结构以及变式

1、主谓一致：

There is a pen and two books on the desk.

2、反意问句：

There used to be a well there, use(d)n’t / didn’t there?

3、各种时态：

There will be a film this afternoon.

There is going to be a lecture tomorrow.

There have been great change in our city since 1988.

4、there be中的非谓语形式：

There are a lot of students waiting outside.

There were eleven people killed in this accident.

There’s someone at the door to see you.

(There being no bus, we had to walk home.)

5、含情态动词：

There must (may, might) be rain tomorrow.

There ought to be no trouble

6、与其它动词连用：

There seems to be a reason for changing their plan.

There are likely to be more difficulties than expected.

There happens to be nobody in the room.

I don’t want there to be any trouble.

7、there + v.

There goes the bell.

On the hill (there) stands a house.

8、There is no denying the fact + that从句（不可否认的......）

例句：不可否认的，我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。

There is no denying the fact that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

主谓一致原则

连接并列主语时，

1、or, eit her…or, neither…nor, not only…but also

谓语与邻近主语一致

Not only she but also I am going there.

2、as well as, (together) with,,along with连接并列主语时，谓语与前面主语一致

Dr. Smith (together) with his two sons is g oing Paris.

3、there be 中主语并列时，可随紧挨be 的词一致或用复数

There is (are) a boy and two girls in the room.

NOTICE: There is a pair of trousers here.

4、both, many, several, few作主语时，谓语用复数

Few are here this morning.

5、时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数作主语，当整体看，谓语用单数

Two feet isn’t long enough.

6、and连接并列主语的情况

①My father and mother are away on business.

②The worker and writer is from Paris.

③The worker and the writer are from Paris.

④Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.

⑤Every (Each, No) desk and every (each, no) chair is made of wood.

⑥one and a half 后面应接复数名词，但其谓语动词应用单数。

7、the + adj. (-ing, -ed)表示一类人，谓语用复数；表示一类事物，

谓语用单数

The rich get richer and the poor get poorer in many countries.

8、Neither (of), Either (of), Each (of)作主语，谓语用单数

Neither of them is a driver.

9、any-, every-, some- no-作主语，谓语用单数

Is everybody here ?

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