大学英语视听说3听力原文翻译Unit 2

Unit 2

II. Basic Listening Practice

1.Script

M: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscopes, it’s easy to think we know everything about the world; but we still don’t understand EI Nino.

W: Right. Even the scientists are uncertain about the exact cause of the warm Pacific current that brings storms or drought—the mysterious EI Nino.

Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?

B) Even scientists cannot understand EI Nino.

男：现在我们有卫星和高性能的显微镜，我们知道世界上的一切是很容易的；但我们仍不了解尼诺现象。

W：右。甚至科学家也不知道确切的原因温暖的太平洋洋流带来的风暴或干旱的神秘的尼诺。

问：根据对话，下列哪项是正确的？

B）连科学家们无法理解尼诺。

2. Script

M:Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve things?

W:I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun’s energy for heating and lighting in our homes. Millions of solar roofs are now emerging in Japan, the U.S., Italy, and Germany.

Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment?

D) Both the man and woman think positively about it.

M：每个人都在谈论环境问题：酸雨，温室效应，臭氧层的洞。我们应该积极地思考。我们能做什么来提高呢？

W：我同意。我们可以做更多的事来利用太阳的能量加热和在我们的家庭照明。太阳能屋顶计现在出现在日本，美国，意大利，德国。

问：如何看待环境？

d）男女积极思考它。

3. Script

W: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult to keep the house clean with the wind from the north blowing sand from the desert.

M: That’s why the Chinese government has been encouraging people to plant trees along the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees act as wind barriers.

Q: What have the Chinese people been encouraged to do?

A)To grow trees.

W：我们几年前住在。它是从北方吹来的，沙子吹来保持屋子干净很困难。

男：这就是为什么中国政府一直在鼓励人们植树造林，在戈壁滩沙漠的边缘。现在那些树作为风障。

问：有什么中国人被鼓励吗？

一）种树。

4. Script

M:Many old refrigerators and cars are environmental hazards because they contain CFCs that destroy the ozone layer.

W:Yes, but government organizations are helping people to safely dispose of old refrigerators or, in the case of cars, to upgrade their air conditioning.

Q: What are government organizations helping people to do?

A)To treat old electrical appliances safely.

M：许多旧冰箱和汽车的环境危害，因为它们含有氯氟烃破坏臭氧层。

女：是的，现在政府机构帮助人们安全地处置旧冰箱或，以汽车为例，来升级自己的空调。

问：政府组织帮助人们做什么？

一）处理旧电器的安全。

5. Script

M:Hey. That’s an aerosol spray you’re using on your hair! Build a bomb or set fire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone, so we die of cancer.

W: Cool it. This spray doesn’t contain CFCs. And you’d better read a little more.

Q: What does the man mean?

C) The woman should not use an aerosol spray.

男：嘿。这是一个喷雾你对你的头发不好！等于建立一个炸弹，或充满整个公寓快速杀死我们，不利于臭氧洞，而且我们可能死于癌症。

W：冷静。这种喷雾不含氯氟烃。你最好多读一点。

问：这个男人是什么意思？

c）女人不应该使用喷雾。

III. Listening In

Task 1: We should have proper respect for nature! Script

Martha: Do you think most people in your culture respect nature?

Ed: I think so. Um… more now than before.

Martha: What do you think is the most serious environment problem in the world today?

Ed: Today…I think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem, and another problem is pollution in big cities and things like that. Martha: How do you learn about environmental problems?

Ed: Um… through school. A lot of clubs promote environmental safely, and some TV programs, too. They talk about environmental safely

and stuff like that.

Martha: Do you think students should learn more about the environment at school?

Ed: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of all the problems that are going on, and prevent more problems

from occurring.

Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, what would it be?

Ed: A new law for the environment? Um…I’d probably say that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them

into the garbage bin, not just throw them everywhere because it’

s just littering and I hate that. So they should be fined if they

throw them on the floor on the ground.

Martha: That’s a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect the environment?

Ed: I’ m so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, I get really angry. So I always throw my trash into the

garbage bin.

玛莎：你认为在你的文化中人们尊重大自然？

艾德：我是这么认为的。嗯……现在比以前更多。

玛莎：你认为什么是当今世界最严重的环境问题？

艾德：今天……我想破坏臭氧层，是一个大问题，一个问题是在大城市的污染等等。

玛莎：你怎么了解环境问题？

艾德：嗯……通过学校。很多俱乐部促进环境安全，和一些电视节目，太。他们谈论环境安全的东西。

玛莎：你认为学生应该在学校学会更多关于环境的问题吗？

艾德：我是这么认为的。所以，当他们长大后，他们可以更清楚地了解所有的问题，要，并防止更多的问题。

玛莎：如果你能创造新的法律帮助环境，它会是什么？

艾德：对环境的新法律？嗯……我可能会说，当人们扔掉的烟头，他们不得不把它们扔到垃圾桶，不随便乱扔垃圾，我憎恨这种行为。所以他们应该罚款如果他们扔在地板上。

玛莎：那是个好主意。那么个人的事怎么来帮助保护环境呢？

艾德：我非常反对乱扔垃圾。我从不乱扔垃圾。如果我看到有人乱扔垃圾，我真的生气了。所以我总是把我的垃圾扔进垃圾箱。

Key:

(1)Nature environmental problem pollution promote aware of from occurring law throw away fined trash

Task 2: River pollution

Script

If you see dead fish floating on the river or notice that the water is discolored and smelly, you know the river has been polluted, and there are four main possible causes for it.

First, fertilize. If large amount of fertilize or farm waste drain into a river, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in the water increase considerably. Algae use these substances to grow rapidly, turning the water green. This massive growth of algae leads to pollution. When the algae die, they are broken down by the action of the bacteria, which quickly multiply, using up all the oxygen in the water and therefore

causing the death of fish.

Second, industrial waste. Factories sometimes discharge chemical waste into rivers. Examples of such pollutants include cyanide, lead, copper, and mercury. These substances may enter the river in such high concentrations that fish and other animals are killed immediately. Sometimes the pollutions enter the food chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels, eventually killing fish and other animals. Third, oil pollution. If oil enters a slow-moving river, it forms a rainbow-colored film over the entire surface, preventing oxygen from entering the water.

Fourth, warm water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers.

A higher temperature of the water lowers the level of dissolved oxygen and upsets the balance of life in the water.

如果你看到死鱼漂浮在河上或发现水变色发臭，你知道那条河被污染了，和有四个主要的它可能的原因。

第一，施肥。如果大量施肥或农场废物排入河中的水，大大增加的硝酸盐和磷酸盐的浓度。藻类利用这些物质的快速增长，将水绿色。这种大规模的藻类生长导致污染。当藻类死亡，他们打破了细菌的行动，并迅速繁殖，耗尽水中的氧气，导致鱼类死亡。

第二，工业废水。工厂排放的化学废料排入河流有时。等污染物的例子包括氰化物，铅，铜，汞。这些高浓度物质进入河中可能立即杀死鱼类和其他动物。有时，污染物进入食物链积累到有毒水平，最终杀死鱼类和其他动物。

第三，石油污染。如果油进入流动缓慢的河流，它形成了一个彩虹色膜的整个表面，防止氧进入水。

第四，温水。行业经常采用水冷却的过程，有时排出大量的温水回到河流。较高的水的温度降低溶解氧水平，使生命的水平衡。

Question and key:

1.What is the passage mainly about?

D) The causes of river pollution.

2. Why does the river water turn green?

A) Because nitrate and phosphate in the water increase.

3. What harm does industrial waste cause?

B) Poisoning..

4. Which of the following is true of oil pollution?

C) It prevents oxygen from entering the water.

5. What harm can warm water in a river bring?

D) Lack of oxygen.

1。本文的主要容是什么？

d）河流造成污染。

2。为什么河水会变绿？

一）因为在水增加硝酸盐和磷酸盐。

3。工业废水造成什么危害？

b）中毒。

4。下列哪一项是油污染真的吗？

C）它阻止氧气进入水。

5。有什么可以温暖的河中的水带来什么？

D）缺乏氧气。

VI. Further Listening and Speaking

Task1: The environment and the development

Script

Li: Hi Professor Wang, I’m Li Lin, a correspondent from the university newspaper. The staff and students here are getting more and more interested in the relationship between the environment and economic development. What do you think is the most serious environmental problem at present? What measures should we adopt to improve the environment and develop the economy at the same time?

Wang:There are many environmental problems: air pollution, water pollution, desertification, overfishing, destruction of natural habitats, acid rain, overconsumption of wild animals and plants, etc. But lying at the center of all those problems, as I see it, is the contradiction between economic growth and the environment.

Since the United Nations Earth Summit in 1992, growing number of people and governments have adopted the new idea of “sustainable development”. This means today’s economic growth should not wipe out the resources and options for future generations. Planning and development should ensure not only economic growth, but also social advancement and environment health. In other words, some economic behavior must be restricted or controlled. Instilling

新编大学英语第三册课文翻译共23页

Unit 1 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。 相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持

不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。 如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 ２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 ３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 ４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 ５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。 ６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实

大学英语精读3翻译答案

Unit1 2) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。 Jack didn't know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary. 4) 我认为我们应该鼓励中学生在暑假找临时工作。 I think we should encourage high school students to find temporary jobs / employment during their summer holidays. 5) 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长（governor）竟然是个贪官（corrupt official）。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official. 6) 少数工人得到提升（be promoted），与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. Unit3 1) 许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费。 Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education / tuition. 2) 除阅读材料外，使用电影和多媒体（multimedia）会激发学生学习的兴趣。 Besides reading materials, the use of films and multimedia can stimulate students' interest in a subject. 5) 我已经把我的简历（résumé）寄往几家公司，但尚未收到回复。 I have sent off my résumé to several corporations, but haven't yet received a reply. 6) 她的结论是建立在对当前国际情况进行了认真的分析的基础上的。 Her conclusion is built / based on a careful analysis of current international affairs. 7) 我们满怀期望地来参加会议，离开时却大失所望。 We came to the meeting full of expectations, yet we left very disappointed. Unit5 1 就能力而言,我肯定他能胜任这件工作。 As far as ability is concerned, I am sure he will qualify for the job. 6) 在西方，人们常常邮购商品，这可以节省许多时间。 In the West, people often send away for mail-order goods, which can save a lot of time. 7) 抱歉, 时间不多了，我建议我们跳到最后一章。 Sorry time is running out; I suggest we skip to the last chapter. 8) 既然你决心尽快完成硕士课程(master's program), 那就别让你的社交生活(social life)妨碍你的学习。 Since you have set your mind to finishing your master's program as soon as possible, don't let your social life stand in the way of your studies. Unit6 1) 装了(fitted with) 假肢(artificial leg)，他起初走路走不稳，但经过锻炼他的步子(step) 稳了。 Fitted with the artificial leg, he walked unsteadily / shakily at first, but with practice his steps became steady. 2) 医生说我得了重感冒，给我开了四种药，三种是药片，饭后服，另一种是药水 (liquid)，睡前服。 The doctor said I had caught a severe cold and she prescribed me four different medicines. Three of them are pills to be taken after meals and the other is liquid to be drunk before going to bed. 4) 汽车早已开走看不见了，珍妮 (Jenny) 还站在大门口凝视着路的尽头。 Jenny was still standing at the gate gazing at the end of the road long after the car was out of sight. 6) 一般来说，通过增加供给或减少需求可以降低物价。 In general, prices may be brought down by increasing supply or decreasing demand. Unit7 1) 像平常一样，他在开始洗漱（get washed）前，将收音机调至早晨七点的新闻广播。 As usual, he tuned his radio for the 7 a.m. news broadcast before he began to get washed. 2) 有许多文件要签，但紧急的只有这份合同。 There are a lot of papers to sign, but the only urgent one is this contract. 3) 在该市，因吸毒（drug abuse）和赌博（gambling）而引发的罪行在发展，当地政府似乎找不出对付这一问题的办法。 In that city crime born of drug abuse and gambling is on the rise, and the local government seems unable to figure out a way to cope with it. 5) 我敢肯定那座楼在空袭（air raid）中一定被完全炸毁了。 I bet the building must have been completely destroyed in the air raid. 2) 即使你是班上最好的学生之一，要保住成绩也得常常温习功课才行。 Even if you are one of the best students in class, in order to maintain your grades you must review your lessons often. 4) 情况确实是如此，有些人一生中很早就获得成功，而另一些人则要工作很长时间方能实现自己的目标。 It is true that some people achieve success very early in life, while others must work a long time before attaining their goals. 5) 他坚持认为这次实验的失败主要由于准备不足(inadequate)。 He maintained that the failure of the experiment was largely due to inadequate preparation. 6) 如今研究人员提倡我们应该每天花些时间将自己想要达到的目标投射到心灵的屏幕上。Researchers now recommend that we take time every day to project our desired goals onto the screen in our minds. Unit10 1.事实上，对于这次海难（shipwreck）报纸上的说法不一。 In fact, there are different accounts of the shipwreck in the newspapers. 2.据说这一地区早在两千年前农业就很先进。 It is said that the area was well advanced in agriculture as early as 2,000 years ago. 3.瞧他是如何操作这机器的，然后就照着做。 6.圣诞节和元旦相隔一周时间。 There is an interval of a week between Christmas and New Year's Day. unit7 the big chance良机 He wasn't the kind to pick a secretary by the color of her hair. Not Bill Hargrave. Both Paula and Nancy had been smart enough to know that. And for some time everyone in the office had known that one of them, Paula or Nancy, was going to get the job. In fact, the decision would probably be made this afternoon. Hargrave was leaving town and wanted to settle the matter before he left. 他不是那种根据头发的颜色来挑选秘书的人。比尔〃哈格雷夫不是那种人。波拉和南希都很聪明，明白这点。一段时间以来，办公室里人人都知道，她俩中的一个，不是波拉就是南希，将要得到这个职务。事实上，决定可能就在今天下午作出。哈格雷夫就要外出，要在动身前安排好这事。 The two girls could see him from their desks outside his office. Maybe it was only some correspondence that he was looking at with cool, keen eyes. But for a moment his finger seemed to pause above those two efficient little pushbuttons. If he pressed the left one, it would be Paula's pulse which would begin to beat faster. 两个姑娘可以从他办公室外面各自的办公桌那儿看到他。他那沉着、热切的目光正在注视着的可能只不过是则信函而已。可是有那么一会儿，他的手指似乎在那两个颇有效率的小按钮上踌躇着。要是他按左边那个，就会使波拉的脉搏加快跳动 Paula couldn't keep her eyes off that light on her desk. She kept making mistakes in her typing and nervously taking the sheets of paper out in order to start all over again. 波拉的目光一直盯着桌上的那个小灯。她打字时老是出错，老是情绪紧张地把纸拉出来，以便重新开始。 She leaned across her typewriter and said to Nancy, "They boss is all dressed up today. He must be going on a special trip." 她靠在打字机上对南希说：?头儿今天穿得上下笔挺。他准是要作一次不同寻常的旅行。?She was just talking to relieve her nervousness. Nancy took her time about answering. She wasn't used to having Paula talk to her in such an intimate tone. 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Jack. Why not ask Nancy?" and they did ask Nancy. It left Paula free to do Bill Hargrave's work in a hurry. She was never too busy for Bill's work. 说到办公室里明争暗斗那一套，波拉可算是无师自通。办公室里无关紧要的人要想把什么材料打出来时，她总是不巧正忙着。“对不起，杰克，可没有办法。为什么不让南希打呢?于是他们果然就让南希打。这样波拉就有时间把比尔·哈格雷夫的东西赶紧打出来。给比尔打东西她从不嫌忙。 When Hargrave finally pressed one of those buttons it was at Paula's desk that the light went on. She started to make a grab for her notebook, but she quickly took out her mirror first. Then she grabbed up her notebook and an envelope that was on the desk. 等到哈格雷夫终于按了那两个按钮中的一个时，亮起来的是波拉桌上的灯。她起身去抓笔记本，可很快先掏出了镜子。随后她一把抓起笔记本，还有桌上的一个信封。 (3)As for Nancy, what else could she do but sit there with her pretty blonde head bent over her typewriter? Nancy was a natural blonde, and that seemed the best way to describe her, she just didn't seem to know any tricks such as Paula did for making herself more popular with the boss. 至于南希，她除了低垂着她那满头漂亮金发的脑袋坐在那儿打字以外，还能干别的什么呢? 南希是个不会做作的金发碧眼女郎，这样描绘她似乎是最恰当不过了。波拉为取悦头儿耍的种种花招，她却好像一窍不通。 The moment Paula got inside Hargrave's office he asked about that stateroom. 波拉一进办公室，哈格雷夫就问高级客舱的事。 She handed him the envelope. It contained the two tickets. "That's your stateroom number on the outside," she said in a businesslike way. 她把那个信封递给他。里面有两张票。?信封上是高级客舱的编号，?她用事务式的口气说 She had on a blue flannel suit, something like Bill's, and it was clear he thought she looked pretty smart in it. 她身穿一套法兰绒蓝套装，跟比尔穿的有点相仿，他显然觉得她穿这套衣服很漂亮。 He looked again at the number of his stateroom and he put the envelope carefully in his inside pocket. 他又看了看高级客舱的编号，把信封小心翼翼地装进里面的口袋。 Then he told her she was going to have a new job. He mentioned the salary, too. He didn't neglect to mention the salary. 接着他就跟她说了。她将有个新工作。他也提到了薪水。他没有忽略薪水的事。 She took it just right - in a very businesslike manner. Just enough of gratitude. And then, the old sportsmanship how sorry she felt about Nancy. She didn't look sorry. 她很得体地接受了这个决定——完全公事公办的态度。恰到好处的感谢。随后展示了她那久已具有的运动家风度。她说为南希感到非常遗憾。她并没有流露出多少遗憾的神情。 (4)And neither did Bill. He told her it was okay, that she shouldn't worry about Nancy, that Nancy wasn't made for the job anyway, and that besides, he and Nancy were leaving on their honeymoon tonight. Tonight at eight-fifteen. 比尔也没有显出遗憾的样子。他对她说，这没什么，她用不着为南希担心，反正南希生来就不适合干这种工作，再说，他和南希今晚就要去共度蜜月了。今晚8点15分。

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Unit1 1、羞怯可以让人从感觉轻微的不适到高度焦虑，这会对我们做任何事都有影响。Shyness can vary from feeling mild discomfort to high levels of anxiety that impact us in almost everything we do. 2、尽管固执，但他清楚自己应该避免引起怀疑。 Despite his stubbornness,he knew in his heart that he should avoid arousing any suspicions 3、无论你说什么都会被理解成批评 It will be interpreted as criticism no matter what you say(成批评，无论你说什么） 4、让我们不要为该被忽略和忘记的小事翻烦心。 Let’s not all ourselves to be upset by trifles（which) we should ignore and forget. 5、花太多的时间老是想着过去会阻碍你享受生活。 Too much time spent dwelling on the past can get in the way of enjoying life as it happens. 6、相信自己能够完成目标并解决问题的人更有可能在学校里表现得好。 People who believe they can accomplish goals and solve problems are more likely to do well in school. Unit2 1、她穿了一条有玫瑰团的裙子。 She wore a dress with a pattern of roses on it 2、Helen为我们准备了一顿丰盛的晚饭。 Helen had prepared a good meal for us. 3、Ann信誓旦旦的保证她不会说出去。 Ann promised faithfully that she would never tell. 4、你能把这封信送到会计部吗？ Could you deliver this letter to the accounts department? 5、他们为我们提供了精选的牛奶和纯巧克力。 We were offered a selection of milk and plain chocolate. 6、告诉孩子们别胡闹。 Tell the children to keep out of mischief/behave themselves. 7、我们能够听见远处打雷的声音 We could hear the sound of distant thunder.

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Unit1 翻译 1) 发言人（spokesman）明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消（cancel）这次旅行。 The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any circumstances. 2) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。 Jack didn't know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary. 3) 随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑（suspicions）是对的。(confirm) The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again. 4) 我认为我们应该鼓励中学生在暑假找临时工作。 I think we should encourage high school students to find temporary jobs / employment during their summer holidays. 5) 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长（governor）竟然是个贪官（corrupt official）。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official. 6) 少数工人得到提升（be promoted），与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7) 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了。(given) Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter. 8) 数小时后，有人看见那个男孩在林子里瞎转。 Several hours later, the boy was found wandering around in the woods. Unit2 翻译 迅速方便地获得信息是很重要，但学会以新的方式看信息甚至更为重要。医学上一次重大突破也许能说明这一观点。科学家本想寻找一种治天花的特效药，但他们没有成功。英国医生爱德华·詹纳放弃寻找特效药，而是通过找到一种

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我想，不是所有热爱乡村的人都会乐意过我们这种生活的。这种生活需要一些特殊素质。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我们如此忙碌，手头又紧，我们很少请客。在作物生长季节根本就没工夫参加社交活动。吉米和埃米莉虽然参加学校的各种活动，但他俩大多数时间呆在家里。 另一项要求是体力——相当大的体力小范围里实现自给自足的途径是抵制诱惑，不去购置拖拉机和其它昂贵的节省劳力的机械。相反，你要自己动手。我们仅有的机器(不包括割草机)是一台3马力的小型旋转式耕耘机以及一架16英寸的链锯。 《第二单元》 但此地只是我所承担的繁重使命的一处停留地。乔赛亚·亨森只是一长串无所畏惧的男女名单中的一个名字，这些人共同创建了这条“地下铁路”，一个由逃亡线路和可靠的人家组成的用以解放美国南方黑奴的秘密网络。在1820年至1860年期间，多达十万名黑奴经由此路走向自由。 2000年10月，克林顿总统批准拨款1600万美元建造全国“地下铁路”自由中心，以此纪念美国历史上第一次伟大的民权斗争。中心计划于2004年在辛辛那提市建成。真是该建立这样一个中心的时候了。因为地下铁路的英雄们依然默默无闻，他们的业绩依然少人颂扬。我要讲述他们的故事。 《第三单元》 取而代之的是防盗锁、防护链、电子报警系统，以及连接警署或私人保安公司的报警装置。郊区的许多人家在露台上安装了玻璃滑门，内侧有装得很讲究的钢条，这样就没人能把门撬开。 在最温馨的居家，也常常看得到窗上贴着小小的告示，称本宅由某家安全保卫机构或某个保安公司负责监管。 锁成了美国的新的象征。的确如此，一家大保险公司最近的一则公益广告没有用图表表明我们所处的危险有多大，而是用了一幅童车的图片，车身上悬着如今随处可见的挂锁。 《第四单元》 他有令人印象深刻的专注力。爱因斯坦的妹妹，玛雅，回忆说：“……即使有很大的噪音，他会躺在沙发上，拿起纸和笔，悠悠地平衡一个放在靠背墨水瓶使他自己全神贯注的沉浸在问题中就如同背景噪声促进而不是打扰他。” 爱因斯坦很聪明，但没有比他的同行更特殊的地方。“我没有特殊的才能，”他说，“我只是有强烈的好奇心。”又说：“关于我力量的流行评估…和现实的对比真是荒唐。”爱因斯坦将他的发现归功于想象力和无止境的提问而不是传统的智慧《第五单元》 纳尔逊牧师写道，他那平凡的老派校长的岁月随着学校里发生的如此迅猛的变化而告结束，他也怀着自我怀疑的心态退了休。“说我做得不对的远远多于说我做得对的，”他写道，接着又说我的信给他带来了令人振奋的信心：自己的校长生涯还是有其价值的。 一看到外祖母那熟悉的笔迹，我顿时回想起往日站在她的白色摇椅旁看她给亲戚写信的情景。外祖母一个字母一个字母地慢慢拼出一个词，接着再写下一个词，因此写满一页要花上几个小时。外祖母最近花费不少工夫对我表达了充满慈爱的谢意，读着老人家的信我禁不住流泪——从前是她给我换尿布的呀!

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Unit 1 Personality羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，