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(完整word版)中医英语期末复习

(完整word版)中医英语期末复习
(完整word版)中医英语期末复习

U1 Traditional Chinese Medicine:History and Development

1.四大经典:

黄帝内经:Huangdi`s Cannon of Medicine

难经:Classic of Difficulties

伤寒杂病论:Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases

神农本草经:Shengnong`s Classic of Materia Medica

2.金元四大家(four great medical schools in the Jin and Y uan Dynasties)及学术观点、学派

刘完素——School of Cold and Cool。

believed that “fire—heat”was the main cause of a variety of diseases and these diseases should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature。

张从正——School of Purgation。

believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis,emesis and purgation。

李杲——School of Reinforcing the Earth。

held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about various diseases”and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach。(内伤脾胃,百病由生……温补脾胃)

朱震亨——School of Nourishing Yin。

Believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient”and advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases。

3.中医的内容:

针灸:acupuncture moxibustion 拔罐:cupping therapy 刮痧:skin scraping

冥想:meditation 推拿:Tui na&massage 正气:healthy qi 食疗:dietetic therapy 理疗:physiotherapy 放疗:radiotherapy 化疗:chemotherapy 保健:health-care

整体观:holistic view 整体观念:concept of holism

辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation

治疗原则:therapeutic principles 温补脾胃:warming and tonifying the spleen and stomach 寒凉药物:drugs cold and cool in nature 滋阴降火:nourishing yin and reducing fire

五行学说:the theory of five elements 瘀血致病:diseases caused by blood stagnation

中医四诊:the four diagnostic methods 四气五味:four properties and five flavors

中西医结合:integration of Chinese and Western medicine 方剂:formula

汗法:sweating method 下法:purgative method 方剂学:Chinese medical formula 4.-ology学科、研究

心理学:psychology 生理学:physiology 病理学:pathology 病因学:etiology

妇科学:gynecology 产科学:tocology 皮肤科学:dermatology

5.七情:Seven Relation of Medicinal Compatibility

单行:going alone 相须:mutual 相使:assistance 相畏:toxicity restraint

相杀:detoxication 相恶:effect inhibition 相反:negative effect inducing

6.中医与西医的区别:A、理论基础B、诊断方式C、治疗方法

A、中医理论基础;西医理论基础:生理学、病理学

B、中医诊断:四诊();西医:借助辅助检查CT、MRI

C、中医治疗:中药、针灸、拔罐、食疗etc;西医治疗:注射、手术、

U3 The Theory of Yin and Yang

1.阴阳的定义及各自属性

Definition:Yin and Yang are the summarization of attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature。

Yin:static dark cold substantial(物质)dimness stillness

Yang:dynamic bright hot functional brightness movement

了药味:Yang——acrid(辛)sweet bland(淡)

Yin ——sour(酸)bitter salty

了药性:Yang——dispersing(散)ascending(上升)floating

Yin ——astringent(收敛)descending sinking

2.阴阳学说的四种关系

阴阳对立:Yin and Yang opposed each other 阴阳互根:Yin and Yang depend on each other 阴阳消长:Yin and Yang wane and wax between each other

阴阳转化:Yin and Yang transform between each other

3.重阴必阳,重阳必阴:Extreme yin turns into yang and extreme yang turns into yin。

寒极生热,热极生寒:Extreme cold brings on heat and extreme heat brings on cold。

《素问》曰:阴平阳秘,精神乃治;阴阳离决,精神乃治

The equilibrium of Yin and yang makes the vitality well-conserved;the divorce of Yin and yang (makes the)essence-qi exhausted。

阳胜则热,阴胜则寒;阳虚则寒,因虚则热;阳损及阴,阴损及阳

Yang excess leads to heat syndrome while Yin excess causes cold syndrome;

Yang deficiency results in cold syndrome while Yin deficiency causes heat syndrome;

Yang deficiency affects Yin while Yin deficiency affects Yang。

善诊者,必先察色按脉,以别阴阳:A skilled diagnostician ,first of all,differentiates between yin and yang when observing the complexion and feeling the pulse。

4.……者……之:treating……with……

实者泄之:treating excess syndrome with purgation。——purging excess

虚者补之:treating deficiency syndrome with invigoration ——invigorating deficiency

U4 The Theory of Five Elements

1.五行定义:The five elements refer to wood、fire、earth、metal and water as well as their motion and changes in natural world。

2.五行属性:

木曰曲直:Wood is the bending and straighting(growth、development and free activity)

火曰炎上:Fire is the flaming up (warmth、heat、ascending、brightness )

土爰稼穑:earth is the sowing and reaping(reception、cultivation、transformation)

金曰从革:Metal is the working of change(change、depuration、astringency)

水曰润下:Water is the moistening and flowing downward(cold、coolness、closure、storage)3.五行关系:

相生:generation 相克:restriction 相乘:over-restriction 相侮:counter-restriction

母子关系:mother-child relationship

4.五行生克顺序:

生:wood generates fire,fire generates earth,earth generates metal,metal generates water,and

water in turn,generates wood。

克:wood restricts earth,earth restricts water……

5.五行与五脏关系:liver—wood heart—fire spleen—earth lung—metal kindy—water

U6 The Five Zang-Organs

1.五脏生理功能

心(heart):The main physiological function of the heart are to control the blood and vessels and govern the mind。(主要生理功能为主血脉,主神志)

肺(lung):The main physiological function of the lung are to dominate qi and control respiration,govern ascent,dispersion,purification and descent as well as regulate water passage。

脾(spleen):The main physiological function of the spleen are to govern transportation and transformation,control blood and dominate muscles and limbs,open into the mouth and associate with thought in emotion and slobber in secretion。(主运化、统血、四肢肌肉、开窍于口,在志为思,在液为涎)

肝(liver):The main physiological function of the liver are to store blood ,govern free flow qi,control tendons and open into the eyes。(藏血,主疏泄,主筋,开窍于母)肾(kidney):The main physiological function of the kidney are to store essence,control growth development and reproduction,govern water,receive qi and open into the ears,anus and urethra。(主藏精,主生长、发育、生殖和水液代谢,主纳气,开窍于耳和二阴)

2.开窍于:open into

3.与……相表里(be exteriorly and interiorly related)

Heart and small intestine are exteriorly and interiorly related。(心&小肠)

Lung and large intestine spleen and stomach liver and gallbladder kidney and bladder

4.脾虚表现:

食欲不振:poor appetite 腹胀:abdominal distension 便溏:loose stool 疲乏:lassitude

消瘦:emaciation 营养不良:malnutrition 出血:hemorrhage 紫癜:purpura

便血:bloody stool 血尿:hematuria 面色萎黄:a sallow complexion

5.肾阴虚:

耳鸣:tinnitus 眠差:poor sleep 头晕:dizziness 记忆力差:poor memory

瘙痒:spasm 四肢麻木:numbness of the four limbs 视力模糊:blumed vision

月经量少:oligomenorrhoea 闭经:amenorrhoea

6.心虚:

U11 Etiology

1.病因学定义:

2.分类:

A.内经:Yin and Yang

B.仲景:three kinds of pathogenic factors

C.陈无择:internal causes、external causes、causes neither internal nor external

3.七情:(joy、anger、anxiety、thought、sorrow、fear、fright)

怒则气上:Excessive anger drives qi to flow upward

喜则气缓:Excessive joy makes qi sluggish

悲则气消:Excessive sorrow consumes qi

恐则气下:Excessive fear drives qi to flow downward

惊则气乱:Excessive fright disorders qi

思则气结:Excessive thought stagnates qi

4.六淫(six excesses):wind、cold、summer-heat、dampness、dryness、fire

U13 The Four Diagnostic Methods

1.望:inspection(looking)、闻:auscultation and olfaction(listening and smelling)问:inquiry(asking)切:pulse-taking and palpation

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