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副词性从句

副词性从句
副词性从句

副词性从句

因为从句起着名词、形容词和副词的作用,所以一些语法学家把从句分为名词从句( n ou n clause )、形容词从句(adjective clause )和副词从句(adverb clause );但从句同时也起

着句子成分的作用,因而也有一些语法学家把从句分为主语从句(subject clause )、宾语从句(object clause )和状语从句(adverbial clause )。由此可以看岀,副词从句和状语从句是

同一概念两种表达术语。副词从句是在句中起副词作用的主谓结构,它可以修饰主句中的动词

(a)、形容词和副词(b)或整个主句(c ):

a. He asked me to stay where I was.

Don't come before we are ready for you.

I'll go wherever the party sends me.

b. She has made greater progress tha n we

expected.

Win ter came earlier tha n it ever did

before.

He speaks so clearly that we un dersta nd every word he says.

c. No matter what the others may say, I stick to my opi nio n.

Seeing that the weather has improved, we shall be able to enjoy our game.

副词从句可以用来表示地点、时间、原因、比较、让步、目的和结果等意义。

21.1 表示时间、地点的副词从句( Clauses of time and place )

21.1.1 由when, while, as; until, not until; before, after; whenever 等引导的副词从句

a. when, while, as 意为"当…时候"。when和as可以表示"点时间",也可以表示"一段时间"

while只能表

示"一段时间“。

--Whe n he arrives he'll tell us all about the

match.

--Whe n she was a child, she lived in Shan ghai.

--While he shaved he thought about the coming in

terview.

--As they were talking, the rain began..

--As I left the house I remembered the key..

--As she came to know him better she relied on him more..

--As it grew darker it became colder..

注意:

1 . as多用来连接两个逐渐发展或演变的动作或状态。例如:We advance in experience as we

adva nce in years.

2 ?当as意为“当…时候“时,主要与表示动作或发展过程的动词连用,一般情况下它不与下列动词连

用:表示感觉的动词如feel, taste, smell

appreciate (= value), desire, fear, hate

等;表示感情和情绪的动词如

等;表示精神活动的动词如:admire (respect), agree, believe,

mean, know,

recall, remember, suppose, un dersta nd 等;表示拥有的动词女口bel ong, own, possess

b. till, un til

当till和return, start until引导的从句在主句后,且主句的谓语动词含有

come, fini sh, go,

reach,

状语从句是副词性从句

状语从句是副词性从句,它在句子中担任状语,修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面,状语从句可以分为以下九种:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。 一、时间状语从句 1.when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。When I came into the room, he was writing a letter. 当我进屋时,他正在写信。 We shall go there whenever we are free. 我们什么时间有空,我们就去那里。 2.when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。 I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. 我正在街上走着,这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 3.while指“在某一段时间里”,“在……期间”,while引导的动作必须是持续性的。 While it was raining, they went out. 天下雨的时候,他们出去了。 I stayed while he was away. 他不在的时候我在。 4.as引导持续性动作,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他赶快回家,不时地一边走一边向后看。 5.before译为在……之前 Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生,再做先生。

副词性从句

因为从句起着名词、形容词和副词的作用,所以一些语法学家把从句分为名词从句(noun clause)、形容词从句(adjective clause)和副词从句(adverb clause);但从句同时也起着句子成分的作用,因而也有一些语法学家把从句分为主语从句(subject clause)、宾语从句(object clause)和状语从句(adverbial clause)。由此可以看出,副词从句和状语从句是同一概念两种表达术语。副词从句是在句中起副词作用的主谓结构,它可以修饰主句中的动词(a)、形容词和副词(b)或整个主句(c): a. He asked me to stay where I was. Don't come before we are ready for you. I'll go wherever the party sends me. b. She has made greater progress than we expected. Winter came earlier than it ever did before. He speaks so clearly that we understand every word he says. c. No matter what the others may say, I stick to my opinion. Seeing that the weather has improved, we shall be able to enjoy our game. 副词从句可以用来表示地点、时间、原因、比较、让步、目的和结果等意义。 21.1 表示时间、地点的副词从句(Clauses of time and place) 21.1.1 由when, while, as; until, not until; before, after; whenever等引导的副词从句 a. when, while, as意为"当…时候"。when和as可以表示"点时间",也可以表示"一段时间";while只能表 示"一段时间"。 --When he arrives he'll tell us all about the match. --When she was a child, she lived in Shanghai. --While he shaved he thought about the coming interview. --As they were talking, the rain began. . --As I left the house I remembered the key. . --As she came to know him better she relied on him more. . --As it grew darker it became colder. . 注意: 1.as多用来连接两个逐渐发展或演变的动作或状态。例如:We advance in experience as we advance in years. 2.当as意为"当…时候"时,主要与表示动作或发展过程的动词连用,一般情况下它不与下列动词连 用:表示感觉的动词如feel, taste, smell等;表示感情和情绪的动词如admire (respect), appreciate (= value), desire, fear, hate等;表示精神活动的动词如:agree, believe, mean, know, recall, remember, suppose, understand等;表示拥有的动词如belong, own, possess等。 b. till, until 当till和until引导的从句在主句后,且主句的谓语动词含有come, finish, go, reach, return, start等一 时性动作动词时,主句的谓语用否定形式,即not… till (unt il),其意为"直到…才"。 --I asked Peter not to sign the agreement until he has heard from us. .

名词性从句的翻译

名词性从句 一、主语从句 (一)以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句,在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。 What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。 Whether he comes or not makes no difference. When we can begin the expedition is still a question. (二)用it作形式主语的主语从句,可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。为了强调起见,it一般可以译出来;如果不需要强调,it也可以不译出来。 It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。(It没有翻译) It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后,竟然还能活着,这看来是不可想象的。(It翻译为“这”) 有时候,如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话,it一般不需要译出来。在汉语译文的开始,一般可以用“...的是,...”这样的结构来翻译。 It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪,她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。(It不用翻译,还可以用“奇怪的是...”这样的结构来翻译) 二、宾语从句 (一)用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句,翻译成汉语的时候,一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。 I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down. 我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝。 He has informed me when they ar e to discuss my proposal. 有时可加“说”字,再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容。 Smith replied that he was sorry. 斯密斯回答说,他感到遗憾。 He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others. (二)用it 作形式宾语的句子,在翻译的时候,that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it有时候可以不用翻译。 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的,他们必须在上午十时前交卷。(it没有翻译) I heard it said that he had gone abroad.

连词与状语从句知识梳理

连词与状语从句知识梳理 连词与状语从句知识梳理 知识梳理 知识点1: 一、连词含义 连词是一种虚词,不能担任一个句子成分。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。 二、具体用法 1. 并列连词 1). 并列连词的功能: 连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。即,连接两个平行的 成分或句子。 如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, as well as, both… and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。 2). 并列连词的用法:表示连接两个共同概念 and 和or 1) 并列结构中,or 通常用于否定句,and 用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点: There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用 and 。 both …and 两者都(两者都强调,谓语动词为复数) not only…but (also),不但…而且(强调后者,就近原则)

注意: not only… but also关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. neither …nor 意思为" 既不……也不……" (就近原则) Neither you nor he is to blame. as well as也 (强调前者,就远原则) The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much. I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels. 表示选择的并列结构 1) or意思为" 否则" 。 I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为" 或者……或者……" 。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 表示转折或对比 1) but表示转折,while 表示对比。 some people love cats, while others hate them. 2) not…but … 意思为" 不是……而是……" not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 表示因果关系 1) for for 是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。 2) so, therefore

副词从句(状语从句)

副词从句 一、什么是副词从句 二、副词从句与对等从句的比较 三、副词从句的种类 1、时间 2、地点 3、条件 4、原因 5、结果 6、目的 7、让步 8、比较 9、方式 一、时间状语从句 常用引导词:when,as,while,as soon as,before,after,since,not....until 特殊引导词:the minute,the moment,the second,every time,the day,the instant I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. 直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。 While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. 当约翰看电视时,他的妻子正在做饭。 Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 每当我听取你的建议时,我就会惹上麻烦。 二、地点状语从句 常用引导词:where 特殊引导词:wherever,anywhere,everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

一般来说,有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。 Wherever you go, you should work hard. 无论你去哪里,你都应该努力工作。 三、原因状语从句 常用引导词:because,since,as, 特殊引导词:seeing that,now that,in that,considering that,given that. My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful. 我的朋友都不喜欢我,因为我又英俊又成功。 Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference. 既然每个人都到了,让我们开始我们的会议吧。 The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 更高的收入税是有害的,因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。 四、目的状语从句 常用引导词:so that,in order that 特殊引导词:lest,in case,for fear that,in the hope that,for the purpose that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. 老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。

名词性从句翻译练习及答案

名词性从句翻译练习及答案 主语从句: 1.他来帮助你是确实无疑的。 2.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 3.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。 4.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 5.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。 6.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 7.他没来参加这个聚会真是一个遗憾。 8.很显然,学生应该改为他们的未来做好充分的准备。 表语从句 1.这就是我想做的 2.这房子正是他最需要的xx。 3.问题在于人们怎样才能找到一种有效的方式来储藏太阳热。 4.问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务。 5.今天讨论的话题是未来的学校会是怎样的。 6.他迟到的原因是交通拥堵。 7.事实是他对我撒谎了。 8.这就是Henry怎样解决问题的。 同位语从句: 1.他们应该尝试第二次的想法值得考虑

2.她工作很努力的事实我们都知道 3.他们表达了他们将会再次来拜访中国的希望 4.我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人兴奋。 5.学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 6.爸爸许下了我通过英语考试就给我买CD player的承诺 7.你是从那里得到我不会来的想法? 8.我们还没有解决我们要去哪里度过暑假的问题. 宾语从句: 1.我相信他是忠诚的。 2.我想知道他来还是不来。 3.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 4.我不知道它是否有意思。 5.他不在乎天气是否好。 6.我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。 7.我们认为你不在这。 8.我相信他不会这样做。 9.我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。 1 0."请告诉我你需要什么? 1 1."她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。Keys:

【英语】名词性从句经典

【英语】名词性从句经典 一、名词性从句 1.______ will be in charge of the meeting has not been decided yet. A. What B. Which C. That D. Who 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:谁将负责这次会议还没有决定。______ will be in charge of the meeting是一个主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指人,故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句,本题涉及who引导的主语从句。 2.It has been pointed out ________ plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories. A. what that B. which C. that D. that what 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:有人指出,驱除焦虑所起着至关重要的作用是童年美好的回忆。本句时一个主语从句,it作形式主语,真正的主语为that what plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories.,主语从句中又有一个主语从句,且此主语从句中缺少主语,所以用what引导。故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句,本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 3.___ surprised me most was ____the girl passed the driver test. A. That; that B. What; how C. What; that D. That; why 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:最让我吃惊的是那个女孩通过了驾驶考试。___ surprised me most是一个主语从句,从句中缺少主语,故填what;____the girl passed the driver test 是一个表语从句,句中不缺少成分,故填that。因此选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句,本题涉及what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。 4. is clear to the members of the committee is that the President will not give in to their demands. A. Who B. It C. As D. What 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:委员会成员清楚的是,总统不会向他们的要求让步。that the President will not give in to their demands.这个句子作表语; is clear to the members of the committee这是主语从句,这里缺少主语从句的连接词,并且连接词在句中作主语,it是代词,不是了;连接词,故排除B;as作主语时,是在定语从句中,故排除C;who指人,根据表语指的事情,不是人,故排除A;what在主语从句中可以作主语或宾语,指事,符合句意,故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句,本题涉及what引导的主语从句。

状语从句连词总结

状语从句连词总结 1 时间状语从句: when当……时候 while 当……时候(动词只能是延续性动词) as当……时候(经常表示一边……一边……) after/before在……之后/之前 until/till直到……(即某一持续性行为持续到某一时间点) since/ever since自从……(即子某一时间点以来,常用完成时态或完成进行时) 名词性短语the time the moment the minute the day the year the first/second time each time每次every time每次next time下次any time在任何时候whenever不管什么时候 by the time到……时候(即指到某一时间点为止,主句常用完成时态) 一……就……as soon as once immediately directly instantly 还没来得及……就……hardly……when no sooner……than as long as长达…… 非时间状语从句:动词ing形式;at……形式;on doing/on sth形式 2地点状语从句 where在哪里,在什么地方 wherever无论在哪里 anywhere无论何处everywhere 到处,处处nowhere 无处,任何地方都无 to/in/from the place(s)where或to/in/from any place where 3原因状语从句 because(语气最强)因为,多置于主句之后 as(语气最弱)因为,多置于主句之前 since语气较弱,常表示对方已知的事实,相当于“既然” now (that)既然 for the reason that因为(that引导的是同位语从句,先行词为reason) in that由于某种原因,多用于书面语 seeing that因为,鉴于 4目的状语从句 in order that以便 so (that)为了 for fear that惟恐,以防 in case以防万一有某种情况发生 5结果状语从句 so (that)所以 so……that……结构 such……that……结构

状语从句类型及相似连词的用法区别

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