国际商务习题

Chapter 04 Ethics in International Business

1. (p. 124) The term ethics refers to accepted principles of right or wrong that govern the conduct of a person, the members of a profession or the actions of an organization. TRUE

2. (p. 124) Ethical strategies are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of businesspeople. FALSE

3. (p. 124) Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of businesspeople. TRUE

6. (p. 125) The Sullivan principles mandated that GM could operate in South Africa as long as the company complied with the apartheid laws. FALSE

7. (p. 126) Myanmar has one of the worst human rights records in the world. TRUE

8. (p. 127) Nearly all developing nations have substantial regulations governing the emission of pollutants, the dumping of toxic chemicals, the use of toxic materials in the workplace and so on. FALSE

9. (p. 128) The tragedy of the commons occurs when a resource held in common by all, but owned by no one is overused by individuals, resulting in its degradation. TRUE

10. (p. 128) Corporations can contribute to the global tragedy of the commons by not pumping pollutants into the atmosphere or dumping them in oceans or rivers. FALSE

11. (p. 128) International businesses cannot gain economic advantages by making payments to corrupt government officials. FALSE

12. (p. 129) The foreign corrupt practices act outlawed the paying of bribes to foreign government officials to gain business. TRUE

13. (p. 129) The Foreign corrupt practices act originally allowed, "facilitating payments" to secure contracts that would not otherwise be secured. FALSE

14. (p. 129) Facilitating payments are also known as speed money or grease money. TRUE

15. (p. 129) The convention on combating bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions obliges member states to make the bribery of foreign public officials a criminal offense. TRUE

16. (p. 130) Noblesse oblige refers to payments that ensure receiving the standard treatment that a business ought to receive from a foreign government. FALSE

17. (p. 130) Social responsibility refers to the idea that businesspeople should consider the social consequences of economic actions when making business decisions and that there should be a presumption in favor of decisions that have both good economic and social consequences. TRUE

19. (p. 131) The ethical obligations of a multinational corporation toward employment conditions, human rights, environmental pollution and the use of power are always clear cut. FALSE

21. (p. 132-133) An individual with a strong sense of personal ethics is less likely to behave in an unethical manner in a business setting. TRUE

22. (p. 133) Expatriate managers may experience more than the usual degree of pressure to violate their personal ethics. TRUE

23. (p. 134) A firm's organizational culture refers to the values and norms that are shared among employees of an organization. TRUE

24. (p. 135) The Enron debacle indicates that an organizational culture can legitimize behavior that a society would judge as unethical. TRUE

25. (p. 136) According to the Friedman doctrine, the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of law. TRUE

26. The Friedman doctrine is the belief that ethics are nothing more than a reflection of culture and therefore, a firm should adopt the ethics of the culture in which it is operating. F

27.Cultural relativism is the belief that ethics are nothing more than a reflection of culture and therefore, a firm should adopt the ethics of the culture in which it is operating. TRUE

28.According to the righteous moralist if a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either. F 29. (p. 138) The naive immoralist claims that a multinational's home country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countries. FALSE

30. (p. 138) Most moral philosophers see value in utilitarian and Kantian approaches to business ethics. TRUE

31. (p. 138) The utilitarian approaches to ethics hold that the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences. TRUE

32.It, typically is fairly easy to measure the benefits, costs and risks of a course of action. F

33. An advantage of utilitarianism is that the philosophy allows for the consideration of justice. FALSE

34. (p. 139) Rights theories recognize that human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundaries and cultures. TRUE

35. (p. 140) A just distribution is one that is considered fair and equitable. TRUE

36. (p. 141) According to Rawls, inequalities can be just if the system that produces inequalities is to the advantage of everyone. TRUE

37. (p. 142) Talking with prior employers regarding someone's reputation is a good way to discern

a potential employee's ethical predisposition. TRUE

38. (p. 143) Building an organization culture that places a high value on ethical behavior requires incentive and reward systems. TRUE

39. (p. 144) A firm's stakeholders are individuals or groups that have an interest, claim or stake in the company, what it does and how well it performs. T

40. (p. 145-146) Companies can strengthen the moral courage of employees by committing themselves to retaliate against employees who exercise moral courage, say no to superiors or otherwise complain about unethical actions. FALSE

41. (p. 124) The accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of businesspeople are best known as A. Business measures B. Business ethics

42. (p. 124) Identify the incorrect statement regarding ethical issues in international business.

A. They are often rooted in the fact that political systems, law, economic development and culture of nations vary significantly

B. Human rights and environmental regulations are some of the common ethical issues

C. Ethical practices of all nations are similar in nature

D. Managers in multinational firms need to be particularly sensitive to differences in business practices because they work across national borders

43. (p. 125) To guard against abuse of employment practices in other nations, multinationals should do all of the following except

A. Establish minimal acceptable standards that safeguard the basic rights and dignity of employees

B. Adhere to working conditions of the host country if they are clearly inferior to those in a multinational's home nation

C. Audit foreign subsidiaries and subcontractors on a regular basis to make sure established standards are met

D. Take action to correct unacceptable behavior

46. (p. 126) Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to foreign multinationals doing business in countries with repressive regimes.

A. Inward investment by multinationals can be a force for economic, political and social progress that ultimately improves the rights of people in repressive regimes

B. No multinational does business with nations that lack the democratic structures and human rights records of developed nations

C. Multinational investment cannot be justified on ethical grounds in some regimes due to their extreme human rights violations

D. Multinationals adopting an ethical stance can, at times, improve human rights in repressive regimes

47. (p. 127) Identify the incorrect statement about environmental regulations.

A. Environmental regulations are often lacking in developing nations

B. Environmental regulations are similar across developed and developing nations

C. Developed nations have substantial regulations governing the emission of pollutants, the dumping of toxic chemicals, etc

D. Inferior environmental regulations in host nations, as compared to home nation, can lead to ethical issues

48. (p. 128) Everyone benefits from the atmosphere and oceans but no one is specifically responsible for them. In this sense, the atmosphere and oceans can be referred to as a(n)

B. Global commons

C. Joint asset

D. Global reserve

49. (p. 128) The _____ occurs when a resource is shared by all, but owned by no one is overused by individuals, resulting in its degradation.

A. Tragedy of the commons

B. Noblesse oblige

C. Ethical dilemma

D. Friedman system

50. (p. 129) Which of the following observations is true of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?

A. The act outlawed the paying of bribes to foreign government officials to gain business

B. There is enough evidence that it put U.S. firms at a competitive disadvantage

C. The act originally allowed for "facilitating payments."

D. The Nike case was the impetus for the 1977 passage of this act

51. (p. 129) The Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions excludes

A. Speed payments to secure contracts that would otherwise not be secured

B. Grease payments to gain exclusive preferential treatment

C. Facilitating payments made to expedite routine government action

D. Payments to government officials for special privileges

52. (p. 129) Grease payments

A. Are not the same as facilitating payments or speed money

B. are facilitating payments made to expedite routine government action

C. Are payments to gain exclusive preferential treatments

D. Can be used to secure contracts that would otherwise not be secured

53. (p. 129) Facilitating payments are

A. Permitted under the amended Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

B. A direct violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

C. Permitted so long as they designed only to gain exclusive preferential treatment

D. Used to secure contracts that would otherwise not be secured

54. (p. 130) The idea that businesspeople should consider the social consequences of economic actions when making business decisions and that there should be a presumption in favor of decisions that have both good economic and social consequences is known as

A. Business ethics

B. Noblesse oblige

C. Ethical dilemma

D. Social responsibility

55. (p. 130) Which of the following, in a business setting is taken to mean benevolent behavior that is the responsibility of successful enterprises.

A. Sullivan's principles

B. Ethical dilemma

C. Tragedy of the commons

D. Noblesse oblige

57. (p. 132) _____ are generally accepted principles of right and wrong governing the conduct of individuals.

A. Ethical dilemmas

B. Noblesse obliges

C. Personal ethics

D. Business measures

58. (p. 132) Ethical dilemmas exist because of all of the following reasons except

A. Many real-world decisions are complex and difficult to frame

B. Decisions may involve first, second and third-order consequences that are hard to quantify

C. Doing the right thing or knowing what the right thing might be is often far too easy

D. They are situations in which none of the available alternatives seem ethically acceptable

59. (p. 132) Which of the following is not likely to lead to unethical behavior?

A. An organizational culture that de-emphasizes business ethics

B. A process that does not incorporate ethical considerations into business decision-making

C. A strong personal ethical code governing the conduct of an individual

D. Pressure from the parent company to meet unrealistic performance goals

60. (p. 133) Ethical behavior is likely to be determined by all of the following, except A. Decision making processes B. Organization culture C. Leadership D. Realistic performance goals

61. (p. 133) Expatriate managers may experience more than the usual degree of pressure to violate their personal ethics because of all of the following reasons except

A. They are away from their ordinary social context and supporting culture

B. They are psychologically and geographically closer to the parent company

C. They may be based in a culture that does not place the same value on ethical norms important in the manager's home country

D. They may be surrounded by local employees who have less rigorous ethical standards

62. (p.

63. (p. 136) All of the following approaches to business ethics are discussed by scholars primarily

to demonstrate that they offer inappropriate guidelines for ethical decision making in a multinational enterprise except

A. Friedman doctrine

B. Cultural relativism

C. Kantian ethics

D. Naive moralist

64. (p. 136) According to _____ the social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long

as the company stays within the rules of law. A. The naive immoralist

B. The righteous moralist

C. Cultural relativism

D. The Friedman doctrine

65. (p. 136) The Friedman doctrine suggests that

A. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of culture

B. A multinational's home-country standards of ethics are inappropriate to follow in foreign countries

C. Businesses should not undertake social expenditures beyond those mandated by the law and required for the efficient running of a business

D. If a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either

66. (p. 136) Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to the Friedman doctrine.

A. It states that the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of law

B. It argues that businesses should undertake social expenditures beyond those mandated by the law

C. It believes that maximizing profits is the way to maximize the returns that accrue to firms stockholders

D. Managers of the firm should not make decisions regarding social investments on behalf of

the stockholders

67. (p. 137) Cultural relativism suggests that

A. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of culture and that a firm should adopt the ethics

of the culture in which it is operating

B. The only social responsibility of business is to increase profits

C. Managers of a firm should not make decisions regarding social investments

D. A multinational's home-country standards of ethics are always appropriate to follow in foreign countries

68. (p. 137) Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to cultural relativism.

A. It argues that a firm should adopt the ethics of the culture in which it is operating

B. At its extreme, it suggests that if a culture supports slavery, it is OK to use slave labor in a country

C. It embraces the idea that universal notions of morality transcend different cultures

D. It believes that ethics are nothing more than the reflection of a culture

69. (p. 137) Child labor is permitted and widely employed in Country X. A multinational company entering Country X decides to employ minors in its subsidiary, even though it is against the multinational's home country ethics. Which of the following approaches to business ethics would justify the actions of the multinational company?

A. Righteous moralist

B. Cultural relativism

C. The justice theory

D. The rights theory

70. (p. 137) The idea that universal notions of morality transcend different cultures is implicitly rejected by A. The righteous moralist B. The naive immoralist C. The Friedman doctrine

D. Cultural relativism

71. (p. 137) The righteous moralist suggests that

A. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of culture

B. A multinational's home-country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countries

C. The social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of law

D. If a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either

72. (p. 137) Which of the following statement about the righteous moralist approach is not true?

A. It claims that a multinational's home-country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countries

B. It is typically associated with managers from developing nations

C. Its proponents often go too far in advocating that the appropriate thing to do is adopt home-country standards

D. It can create practical problems

73. (p. 137) The righteous moralist approach to business ethics is typically associated with managers from A. Third world nations B. Underdeveloped nations C. Developing nations

D. Developed nations

74. (p. 138) The _____ approach asserts that if a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either.

A. Cultural relativism

B. Friedman doctrine

C. Righteous moralist

D. Naive immoralist

75. (p. 138) The naive immoralist suggests that

A. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of culture

B. A multinational's home-country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countries

C. The social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of law

D. If firms in a host nation do not follow ethical norms then the manager of a multinational should also not follow ethical norms there

76. (p. 138) According to the _____ approach to business ethics, the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences.

A. Utilitarian

B. Cultural relativism

C. Friedman doctrine

D. Naive immoralist

77. (p. 138) The utilitarian approach to business ethics suggests that

A. People should be treated as ends and never purely as means to the ends of others

B. The moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences

C. People have dignity and need to be treated as such

D. Human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national cultures

78. (p. 138) Which of the following approaches is committed to the maximization of good and the minimization of harm?

A. The righteous moralist

B. Cultural relativism

C. Friedman doctrine

D. Utilitarianism

79. (p. 139) Tools to assess actions such as cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment are rooted in the _____ philosophy.

A. Utilitarian approach

B. Kantian approach

C. Friedman doctrine

D. Naive immoralist

80. (p. 139) According to the _____ approach, the best decisions are those that produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

A. Naive immoralist

B. Friedman doctrine

C. Utilitarian

D. Kantian

81. (p. 139) The Kantian approach to ethics suggests that

A. Human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundaries

B. The moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences

C. People should be treated as ends and never purely as means to the ends of others

D. Ethics are nothing more than the reflection of culture

82. (p. 139) The utilitarian approach to business ethics has been criticized because of all of the following reasons, except

A. The measurement of benefits, costs and risks is often not possible due to limited knowledge

B. The philosophy omits the consideration of justice

C. The philosophy advocates the greatest good for the greatest number of people, but such actions may result in the unjustified treatment of a minority

D. It holds that the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences

83. (p. 139) Rights theories suggest that

A. Human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundaries

B. The moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences

C. People should be treated as ends never purely as means to the ends of others

D. Minimum levels of morally acceptable behavior should be established

84. (p. 140) Identify the approach that most moral philosophers favor and that forms the basis for current models of ethical behavior in international businesses.

A. Friedman doctrine

B. Cultural relativism

C. The righteous moralist

D. Rights theory

85. (p. 140) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, related to employment, upholds all of the following, except

A. Just and favorable work conditions

B. Equal pay for equal work

C. Prohibition of trade unions

D. Protection against unemployment

86. (p. 140) Article 1 of the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights." This best echoes

A. Cultural relativism

B. Friedman doctrine

C. The righteous moralist approach

D. Kantian ethics

87. (p. 140) A(n) _____ is any person or institution that is capable of moral action such as a government or corporation.

A. Moral agent

B. Utilitarian

C. Righteous moralist

D. Naive immoralist

88. (p. 140) Justice theories of business ethics focus on

A. The moral worth of actions or practices

B. Minimum levels of morally acceptable behavior

C. Fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundaries

D. The attainment of a just distribution of economic goods and services

89. (p. 141) The notion that all economic goods and services should be distributed equally except when an unequal distribution would work to everyone's advantage was developed by

A. David Hume

B. John Rawls

C. Jeremy Bentham

D. John Stuart Mill

90. (p. 141) Under the veil of ignorance, everyone is imagined to be ignorant of

A. All of his or her particular characteristics

B. Fundamental rights and privileges

C. The moral worth of actions or practices

D. The minimum levels of morally acceptable behavior

91. (p. 141) According to John Rawls,

A. Each person be permitted the maximum amount of basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others

B. Freedom of speech and assembly is the single most important component in a justice system

C. Equal basic liberty is only possible in a pure market economy

D. Inequalities in a justice system are not to be tolerated under any circumstance

92. (p. 141) Rawls' philosophy that inequalities are justified if they benefit the position of the least-advantaged person is known as the

A. Inequality principle

B. Equity principle

C. Difference principle

D. Indifference principle93. (p. 142) Managers of international business can do all of the following to make sure ethical issues are considered in business decisions, except

A. Favor hiring and promoting people with a well-grounded sense of personal ethics

B. Build an organizational culture that places a high value on ethical behavior

C. Make sure that leaders within the business do not articulate the rhetoric of ethical behavior

D. Develop moral courage

95. (p. 143) To build an organization culture that values ethical behavior, a company should do all of the following, except

A. Not sanction people who do not engage in ethical behavior

B. Articulate values that emphasize ethical values

C. Make sure that key business decisions not only make good economic sense, but are also ethical

D. Place a high value on ethical behavior by providing incentives and reward systems

96. (p. 144) External stakeholders

A. Are individuals or groups who own the business

B. Include all employees, the board of directors and stockholders

C. Typically, comprises customers, suppliers, lenders, etc

D. Are individuals or groups who work for the business

97. (p. 144) Internal stakeholders

A. Are individuals or groups who work for or own the business

B. Do not have any claim on a firm or its activities

C. Typically comprises customers, suppliers, lenders, governments, unions, etc

D. Are individuals, except employees, board of directors and stockholders that have some claim on the firm

98. (p. 144) _____ means standing in the shoes of a stakeholder and asking how a proposed decision might impact that stakeholder.

A. Veil of ignorance

B. Difference principle

C. Moral imagination

D. Noblesse oblige

99. (p. 145) Establishing _____ involves a business' resolve to place moral concerns ahead of other concerns in cases where either the fundamental rights of stakeholders or key moral principles have been violated.

A. A veil of ignorance

B. A difference principle

C. Moral imagination

D. Moral intent 100. (p. 145) _____ enables managers to walk away from a decision that is profitable, but unethical.

A. Noblesse oblige

B. Moral courage

C. Difference principle

D. Friedman doctrine

101. (p. 124) What are business ethics? What is the relationship between business ethics and an ethical strategy?

Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of businesspeople. An ethical strategy is a strategy or course of action that does not violate those accepted principles.

102. (p. 124-13) What is considered normal practice in one country may be considered unethical in others. Discuss.

Many of the ethical issues and dilemmas in international business are rooted in the fact that political systems, law, economic development and culture vary significantly from nation to nation. Therefore, what might be considered a normal business practice in one country may constitute unethical behavior in another country. Managers in a multinational company need to be sensitive to these differences and choose the ethical action in those circumstances where variation across societies creates the potential for ethical problems. In the international business setting, the most common ethical issues involve employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption and the moral obligation of multinational corporations.

国际商务课本习题

国际商务 目录 第一章国际商务导论 第二章国际商务的基本理论 第三章国际商务环境 第四章外国经营环境 第五章国际商务经营方式 第六章国际经营战略 第七章国际商务的营销战略 第八章国际商务中的进出口实务第九章国际财务管理 第十章国际人力资源管理 第十一章国际商务组织与控制第十二章中国企业的国际经营

第一章国际商务导论 1．国际商务的含义和经济实质 2．经济全球化的含义和经济实质 3．国内经营和国外经营的联系和区别 4，现代企业和国际商务之间的必然联系 5．为了适应国际经营活动的需要，在经营观念上应该有哪些转变 第二章国际商务的基本理论 1．国际商务的基本理论是由哪些主要理论组成的？为什么选择这些理论作为国际商务的基本理论？ 2.为什么说比较利益论是国际贸易理论的基本理论？其它主要贸易理论同比较利益论有哪些区别？ 3．试述国外直接投资几种主要理论的主要论点 4．试述国家竞争优势理论的四要素内容 5．企业国际经营几种主要理论有何共同点 第三章国际商务环境 1．国际收支对企业经营有何影响？ 2．在国际商务活动中，为什么汇率是一个重要的因素 3．简述国际倾向市场和资本市场的分类和各自的特点 4．国际资本流动在1990年代后出现了哪些特点？ 5．国际贸易在1990年代后出现了哪些发展和改革？ 第四章外国经营环境

1．国际经营环境包括哪些主要内容？ 2．试选用某种投资环境评估方法分析和评估我国或某一地区的投资环境 3．结合本企业或本行业的经营产品，对不同国家和地区作模拟海外经营目标市场的横向比较 第五章国际商务经营方式 1．比较直接出口和间接出口的利弊 2．简述国际技术转让的主要内容转让开工和技术使用费的支付方式 3．国际企业进行海外直接投资的主要动机有哪些？ 4．国际商务经营形式的选择主要的依据有哪些因素？ 第六章国际经营战略 1.国际企业经营所制订的国际商务战略与国内竞争战略的比较分析 2.试述EPRG战略模式体系的主要内容 3.标准化生产与差别生产的选择主要依据是哪些 4.国际企业的成长战略有何种选择，它们各自的特点是什么 5.如果有效的实施战略 第七章国际商务的营销战略 1.制定国际产品策略所考虑的主要因素和策略的种类及采用条件 2.海外市场的产品定价受到哪些因素的制约？定价有哪些基本的方法？ 3.略述国际流通渠道的组织管理。如何选择和管理中间商？ 4.国际企业的市场营销管理的基本任务是什么 第八章国际商务中的进出口实务

国际商务单证员考试模拟题版答案

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一： 你的立场有磋商的余地吗？ Are you negotiable? 我肯定还有商量的余地。 I'm sure there is some room for negotiation. 在我们开始谈判之前，你要先出个价才行。 Before we have anything to negotiate, you have to make me an offer. 4)我们可以把它也列入议程。 We could add it to the agenda. 在我们开始之前，有人想要什么饮料吗？ Would anyone like something to drink before we begin? 6)看看我还能尽些什么力。 See what we have to do what force. 7）要是我能做到的话，我一定会做 If i can do it,then i will definitely do it. 8)我知道我可以拜托你。 I know I can count on you. 这次会议的结果我们都会是赢家。 We'll come out from this meeting as winners. 10)我会尽量使你满意。 I'll try to make you satisfied. 二： 1、我们的新产品市场需求很大。 There’s a great demand for our new product.

2、这种产品的前景很是看好。 This product has good prospects. 3、我们需要讨论一下基本的交易条件。 We need to talk about the basic terms of the transaction. 4、如你方价格公道，质量令人满意，我们将大量定货。 If your prices are reasonable and the quality is satisfactory, we shall place substantial orders with you. 5、双方坚持各自的价格是不明智的，我们可否都作些让步？ It’s unwise for both of us to insist on his own price. Can we each make some concession? 6、如果你方不肯降价，我方只好放弃这笔交易。 If you cannot reduce your price, we’d rather call the whole deal off. 7、如果你方想扩大这个市场的业务，就应该采用更加灵活的付款方式。 If you want to expand your business in this market, you have to take flexible ways in adopting payment terms. 8、很遗憾，我们不能接受你方直运的要求。 We regret that we cannot accept your demand for direct shipment. 9、同其它竞争产品进行比较，这项产品有许多优点。 This product has many advantages compared to other competing products. 10、很高兴我们最终达成了协议。我们明天再讨论其它事项，怎么样？ I’m very glad that we have finally come to an agreement. We’ll go on to other terms and conditions tomorrow. Is it all right with you? 三： 1）谈判是一种集体项目。 Negotiation is a team sport. 2）谈判人员的任务是谈判,而专家则为谈判人员提供专业性的意见和信息。

国际商务期末考试题(20200614143419)

国际商务练习题 一、单选题 1.（A ）是指缔约一方现在和将来所给予任何第三方的一切特权、优待、利益及豁免，也 同样给予缔约对方。 （1）.最惠国待遇（2）.国民待遇（3）.市场经济地位（4）.战略伙伴 2（B）是指缔约一方保证缔约另一方的公民、企业和船舶在本国境内享受与本国公民、企 业和船舶同等的待遇。 （1）.最惠国待遇（2）.国民待遇（3）.市场经济地位（4）.战略伙伴 3在下列商业活动中，哪一笔属于国际商务活动（B）。 （1）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国花旗银行总行贷款 （2）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向中国建设银行浦东分行贷款 （3）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国城市银行上海浦东分行贷款 （4）,美国花旗银行上海浦东分行向美国第一国民银行总行贷款 4（B）是企业所特有的、能够经得起时间考验的、具有延展性，并且是竞争对手难以模仿 的技术或能力。 （1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力 5.企业通过自身要素的优化及与外部环境的交互作用，在有限的市场资源配置中占有相对优势，进而处于良性循环的可持续发展状态的能力( A ) （1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力 6.(C )是竞争力资产与竞争力国际化过程的统一。 （1）.竞争力（2）.核心竞争力（3）.国际竞争力（4）.表层竞争力 7.企业通过一系列具体的策略和措施，使本企业成本与同行业其他企业成本相比很低的战略 叫（C） （1）.差异化战略（2）.集中战略（3）. 成本领先战略（4）.低价倾销战略 8企业采取一种集中的、为一组特定用户服务的战略是( B ) A. A.差异化战略（2）.集中战略（3）. 成本领先战略（4）.低价倾销战略 9.一些企业拥有或可以得到的那些外国企业不能获得的优势，如产品、技术、规模经济、市场等称之为（A） （1）.所有权优势（2）.区位优势（3）.内部化优势（4）.成本优势 10某中国小家电企业，总资产50亿元，年销售额20亿元，雇员总数4万人；其中，国外资产5亿元，国外销售额4亿元，国外雇员2千人，该企业跨国化指数为( D) （1）.10% （2）.20% （3）.5% （4）.11.7% 11. 在其他国家境内的本国律师事务所、银行分支机构提供的服务属于服务贸易中的（D）（1）. 境外消费（2）. 跨境提供（3）. 自然人流动（4）. 商业存在 12．企业通过各种不同的方式，进口原料、材料或零件，利用本国的生产能力和技术，加工 成成品后再出口，从而获得以外汇体现的附加价值，这一国际化方式称(C ) （1）.一般贸易（2）.技术贸易（3）.加工贸易（4）.国际特许经营 13某公司为东道国建造工厂或其他工程项目，一旦设计与建造工程完成，即将该工厂或项 目所有权和管理权依合同完整地给对方，这一国际化方式称(D )。 （1）.国际特许经方式（2）.许可证方式（3）.新建直接投资（4）.交钥匙工程 14．麦当劳在中国开设连锁店属于( A) （1）.国际特许经营方式（2）.许可证方式（3）.新建直接投资（4）.交钥匙工程 15．根据消费者对产品的需求欲望、购买行为与购买习惯的差异，把整个国际市场划分为两 个或更多的消费者群，从而确定国际目标市场的活动过程是（ B ） （1）.国际市场定位（2）.国际市场细分（3）.国际目标市场选择（4）.国际市场评估16．宝洁公司将牙膏细分为价廉物美、防治牙病、洁齿美容、口味清爽四个市场，该细分市 场的依据是（C）。 （1）.地理Ｂ.人口（3）.心理（4）.行为 17．（A）是指企业把整个国际市场看作一个大的单一目标市场，认为市场上所有消费者对本 企业产品的需求都不存在差异性。

《国际贸易》课本习题及答案

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