国际经济学习题
1. An annual statement of all the transactions between one country and the rest of the world, is called that country's:
a. dollar outpayments.
b. international transactions statement.
c. current capital campaign.
d. all of the above
2. In the international transactions statement, merchandise trade, exchange of services and transfers of capital are divided into those giving rise to
__________________ (plus or credit items) and those resulting in
______________________ (negative or debit items).
a. credit accounts and credit debits
b. dollars and capital
c. currents and accounts
d. dollar inpayments and dollar outpayments
3. The current account component of the statement includes transactions in goods and services; while purchases and sales of assets make up the:
a. capital account.
b. current capital.
c. current purchases.
d. none of the above
4. In terms of the current account, if US merchandise exports total 900 million dollars and US merchandise imports total 1500 million dollars, then the balance of trade on US merchandise trade would be:
a. a 2100 million dollar credit.
b. 2100 million dollars.
c. a 600 million dollar deficit.
d. a 900 million dollar deficit.
5. If the balance of trade totals a $600 billion deficit and service transactions netted a total surplus of $200 billion, then the balance on goods and services would be:
a. a $400 billion deficit.
b. an $800 billion surplus.
c. an $800 billion deficit.
d. a $400 billion surplus.
6. Competitive position for both the importing and exporting countries as well as the income of the _____________________ country are considered the determinants of trade.
a. exporting
b. developing
c. reserving
d. importing
7. The balance on current account includes which of the following:
I. exports minus imports of goods and services
II. income receipts on US assets abroad minus income payment on foreign assets in the US
III. unilateral transfers, which include private remittances and government foreign aid
IV. income flows from import transfers minus US capital investments
a. I and IV
b. I, II, III
c. II, III
d. None of the above
8. International purchases or sales of assets which are part of the capital account statement include the net of:
a. purchases of foreign stocks, bonds and bank accounts by
Americans.
b. direct foreign investment abroad by American corporations.
c. US government loans to foreign countries minus repayments.
d. all of the above
9. An imbalance or deficit of $36 billion in the overall balance of autonomous transactions, which occur through general economic conditions, would result in the use of gold, official foreign currency reserves and official debt, that are known as balancing or:
a. deficit currencies.
b. foreign rights.
c. accommodating items.
d. none of the above
10. The overall balance of autonomous transactions (sum of private transactions in the current and capital accounts) is called the:
a. official reserve transactions balance.
b. deficit items statement.
c. currency reservation chart.
d. a and c
11. A country buys and sells its own _______________ in order to raise and lower the value of their _________________.
a. prices
b. currency
c. balances
d. all of the above
12. If a country buys and sells its own currency in order to raise and lower the value of their exchange rate, then how do other country's exchange rates affect US liabilities?
a. Many countries buy and sell their currency in terms of dollars when intervening on behalf of their exchange rate.
b. Changes in foreign holdings of assets in dollars directly increases or decreases US reserve holdings and US liabilities.
c. The higher the US can raise its own exchange rate, the less it will
ever have to payback in terms of liabilities to other superpowers.
d. a and b
13. If foreign official assets in US dollars rise $30 billion and the US official reserves do not change, then the US will experience a $30 billion liability to foreign central banks, or _________________.
a. change in official reserves
b. central bank rates
c. loan default
d. b and c
14. Japan's external surplus, represented in the equation X-M=S-I, shows that their amount of export beyond imports of goods and services is the same as the amount of:
a. domestic savings in excess of domestic investment.
b. domestic savings that should occur in order to keep the exchange
rate stable on world markets.
c. domestic investment that must be made in order to sustain full employment.
d. b and c
15. The United States' external deficit can be represented by the following equation:
a. X-I=S+MI
b. X=M+S-I
c. M-X=Ix-S
d. a and b
16. What differences between states and countries makes it useless for states to publish annual transaction statements?
a. States don't collect data on their economic transactions with the
rest of the world.
b. Surpluses or deficits are only seen as booming or depressed zones, respectively, since states cannot pursue independent economic policies.
c. National governments can pursue fiscal, monetary, commercial and exchange rate policies, states cannot.
d. all of the above
17. Currencies of most industrialized nations are freely convertible to one another at a ratio of the number of units of one currency that are exchangeable for a unit of another. This ratio is known as the:
a. inverse rate.
b. market current.
c. exchange rate.
d. current flow of currency.
18. If the dollar-yen exchange rate is ￥1=1￠, then $1=￥100 is called the:
a. times 100 rate.
b. rate of return.
c. inverse of exchange rate.
d. b and c
19. The foreign exchange market:
a. is where currencies are traded and exchange rates determined.
b. averages $1.5 million of currency trading per year.
c. has its biggest markets in Detroit, Moscow and Beijing.
d. all of the above
20. The difference between a freely floating or fluctuating exchange rate and a managed float exchange rate is:
a. under managed float government intervention plays a role in
determining the exchange rate.
b. free floating or fluctuating exchange rates can only appreciate or
depreciate by 5 units per day.
c. the equilibrium exchange rate is always higher for managed float
rates.
d. all of the above
21. If the dollar-euro exchange rate moved from $1=0.5€ to $1=1€, then the dollar would have ___________________ and the euro would have
_______________________.
a. depreciated; decreased
b. appreciated; depreciated
c. fluctuated; improved
d. supplied; demanded
22. Increases in U.S. interest rates raise the exchange value of the dollar by:
a. forcing other countries to get rid of dollars.
b. lowering demand for the dollar.
c. raising demand for the dollar.
d. none of the above
23. Increasing the money supply through monetary expansion causes inflation and price increases which, in turn, causes _________________ in interest rates, the exchange rate and demand for the dollar.
a. increases
b. decreases
c. triangular floats
d. long positions
24. The exchange rate is very sensitive to even anticipated changes in money supply (monetary policy), because monetary policy affects:
a. both price and interest rates.
b. the treasury and executive branches.
c. goods and services.
d. quantity and supply.
25. Prices and wages are inflexible and don't change much in the short run (e.g., wage contracts are negotiated only once every few years), while the exchange rate adjusts immediately and temporarily absorbs the entire impact of a change in money supply. In other words, the exchange rate's short-term response is greater than its long-run response, a phenomenon called
__________________.
a. spearheading
b. hyperinflationary transferring
c. Euro-Zone defense
d. overshooting
26. If the exchange rate reflects the relative purchasing power of currencies, then when $1 buys the same quantity of goods and services in the United States as ￥100 buys in Japan, the long-run exchange rate should be $1 = ￥100. Because exchange rates are affected by more than price levels, and the representative basket of goods differs from country to country, this doctrine, known as _________________, is not always accurate.
a. overvaluation
b. long-run equilibrium
c. Big Mac test
d. purchasing power parity
27. In the hope of realizing profits, speculators often buy or sell currency based on the expectation that a small or expected change in the value of a currency may trigger further movement in the same direction. This phenomenon is said
to be partly responsible for the dollar's appreciation in late 1984 and is called a:
a. big mistake.
b. pipe dream.
c. speculative bubble.
d. speculation trigger.
28. Most currencies of the industrial countries function under a managed float,
which involves central banks intervening to affect exchange rates and official reserves. This policy does not take advantage of the freely floating exchange rate's ability to:
a. equate private inpayments and outpayments and avoid any overall imbalance.
b. clear the market with capital transfers outweighing payments.
c. simultaneously overshoot and undershoot.
d. all of the above
29. The foreign exchange market consists of:
a. financial institutions, such as insurance companies, and mortgage
brokers.
b. commercial banks, corporations, financial institutions and central
banks.
c. stock exchange officials and specialized foreign exchange brokers.
d. none of the above
30. Taking advantage of price differentials between two locations yields riskless profit, assures the exchange rate is the same in all markets and is called:
a. arbitrage.
b. cross rate.
c. triangulation.
d. easy money.
15. Cross rates are exchange rates between:
a. three foreign exchange markets using dollars.
b. Paris, Tokyo and Switzerland.
c. two non-dollar currencies.
d. none of the above
31. By purchasing currencies which are undervalued in some locations (taking advantage of existing price differential between geographical locations), arbitragers actually affect currency supply and demand until exchange rates are orderly and the same in all markets. This process is called:
a. triangular arbitrage.
b. cross rate reduction.
c. currency normalization.
d. all of the above
32. While the spot exchange rate governs transactions to be consummated within two days, the forward exchange rate governs transactions to be consummated in the future (but known today) and protects importers against changes in exchange values between the time of order and payment. This protection is called:
a. lowballing.
b. delaying.
c. hedging.
d. dodging.
33. The interest rate parity stipulates that the relation between the spot and forward rates depends on the:
a. interest rate differential between the two financial markets.
b. exchange rate differential.
c. short and long position between markets.
d. vehicle currency depreciation.
34. Unlike arbitrage, __________________ involves risk in either the spot or
forward markets because it does not involve the taking of covered positions.
a. short relations
b. dollar premium
c. depreciation
d. speculation
35. Speculators take a _______________ position when they sell foreign currency forward without already owning that amount of currency but expect to buy it at a lower spot rate when the contract matures. They take a
___________________ position when they purchase foreign currency forward without having a buyer or any obligation to make a spot payment of that currency.
a. long; short
b. fast; slow
c. short; long
d. delivery; fluctuating
36. ______________ are not permitted to fluctuate freely on the market or to respond to daily changes in demand and supply, because their value is set by the government.
a. Devaluations
b. Fixed exchange rates
c. Basket-peggers
d. Intervention currency rates
37. In a fixed exchange rate system, if market forces pushed the exchange rate out of predetermined levels, then the government would buy or sell foreign currencies to create a discrete decrease, called _______________, or increase, called ________________, in the currency's value.
a. fixed rates and long rates
b. pegging and limping
c. devaluation and revaluation
d. all of the above
38. If the European Central Bank buys dollars in exchange for euros when the rate is $1 = 0.9€ and sells dollars in exchange for euros when the rate is $1 = 1.1€, then 1.1€ to 0.9€ is said to represent the upper and lower support limits or the ___________________.
a. band
b. stretch
c. tension
d. slide
39. In the previous example, why does the ECB (European Central Bank) buy and sell reserve holdings in dollars?
a. They want to devalue the dollar.
b. All central banks operate only in dollars, the worldwide accepted
currency.
c. Since a country's money supply is measured by the domestic
currency held outside its central bank, its international reserves are then
held in the form of foreign currencies.
d. a and b
40. In the previous examples, $1 = 0.9€ is the point at the top of the band or spread where the local currency (euros) rises to its upper support limit and is often called the:
a. unsterilized point
b. sterilization limit
c. inpayment level
d. dollar buying point
41. Currency intervention, like buying dollars for euros, that affects the money supply--as in the last example where the ECB increased the money supply to bring the euro down from its upper support limit--is referred to as
________________ intervention.
a. unsterilized
b. unmanaged
c. divergent
d. hostile
42. The more common type of currency intervention is sterilized intervention, which avoids affecting the money supply because:
a. foreign countries sell off all their reserves.
b. the central bank sells government bonds to "soak up" or offset the
increase in money supply.
c. the central bank destroys an agreed upon amount of money.
d. none of the above
43. At the dollar selling point, the European Central Bank sells its reserve dollars for euros. What condition causes this action, and how does the action affect the euro?
a. When the value of the euros goes too high, the central bank sells
dollars for euros to decrease the euro value.
b. By selling reserve dollars for euros, the ECB increases the supply of
dollars out in the world to raise its value.
c. By selling dollars for euros the ECB serves as a role model and
hopes all central banks will do the same.
d. When the value drops to its lowest support limit, the central bank
buys up euros to contract the money supply and increase its value.
44. During the period known as the gold standard (1870-1914), gold was the official reserve asset and the common denominator in terms of which all currencies as well as the exchange ratios between these currencies were:
a. unsterilized.
b. divided.
c. floate
d.
d. fixed.
45. After WWII, during the Bretton Woods period of 1944-1973 gold was replaced by _________________ as the common denominator fixing all currencies.
a. silver
b. the euro
c. the U.S. dollar
d. none of the above
46. During the Bretton Woods period, the U.S. dollar served as the currency system's common denominator and official reserve currency. Because each central bank intervened in dollars (bought or sold dollars for its own currency) in its own market to keep its exchange rate fixed, the dollar was also considered the:
a. intervention currency.
b. capital unload currency.
c. bailout money.
d. revaluation fund.
47. Since March 19, 1973 the international currency system has been a mix of _____________.
a. good and bad currencies
b. fixed and floating exchange rates
c. gold and U.S. dollar pegged currencies
d. intervention and devalued currencies
48. Exchange rates that are maintained through sales or purchases of government bonds are called ____________________ , as is the case with the British pound sterling, Japanese yen and __________________.
a. managed floats; Canadian, Australian and U.S. dollars
b. free floats; U.S. dollar
c. pegged rates; Canadian dollar
d. none of the above
49. While other countries still primarily conduct interventions in dollars, the United States uses ___________________.
a. marks and pounds
b. yen and marks
c. pesos and shekels
d. euros and yen
50. The first major currency not backed by a single government is the
____________, a managed float currency overseen by the European Central Bank and adopted by 12 countries.
a. Euro Zone
b. euro
c. pound sterling
d. Euro dollars
51. Numerous developing countries fix their exchange rates either to a single currency or group of currencies. Another name for fixed rates of this kind is:
a. pegged rates.
b. dollarized rates.
c. under dollar rates.
d. sold rates.
52. Countries that peg their currencies to a weighted average value of major currencies are called _________________, as opposed to
__________________, who peg their currencies to one major currency.
a. group-pegger; major peggers
b. peg averagers; peg unifiers
c. major pegs; minor pegs
d. basket-peggers; single-currency peggers
53. Currencies can be pegged by:
a. establishing a currency board that issues domestic currency only
when it is covered by 100 percent foreign exchange reserves.
b. abandoning the country's own currency in favor of another
currency.
c. a and b.
d. none of the above
54. Euro dollars are:
a. euros.
b. euros converted to dollars.
c. Austrian dollars held in U.S. accounts.
d. dollar accounts in overseas banks.
55. A vehicle currency is used:
a. to buy foreign automobiles or automobile parts.
b. to damage another country's currency.
c. to raise interest rates.
d. as an intermediary transaction currency when no exchange market
exists between two currencies.
56. Although the dollar no longer serves as the common denominator of the currency systems as was the case under Bretton Woods, which of the following are true about the dollar's position?
I. The dollar retains a reference role, as many countries measure their fluctuations in terms of the dollar, and the dollar is the main intervention currency for managed float currencies.
II. The dollar is the main official reserve currency, but is no longer the main vehicle currency (intermediary conversion when no market exists between currencies such as Israeli shekels to Norwegian crowns).
III. The dollar is the main international transactions currency for the private sector; people and institutions worldwide maintain dollar accounts (or Euro dollars) in their countries and bill and finance transactions in dollars.
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and III
d. I, II and III
57. The incompatible trinity includes:
a. fixed exchange rate, independent monetary policy and free capital movements.
b. the U.S. dollar, the euro, and the Japanese yen.
c. single-currency peggers, managed floats, and exchange rates.
d. none of the above
58. The U.S. real bilateral exchange rate is the exchange of value of the dollar relative to __________________ adjusted for the inflation differential between the United States and that country. The U.S. real trade-weighted exchange rate, on the other hand, is an index showing variations in the
____________________, adjusted for inflation differentials.
a. the euro and euro and the Japanese yen
b. the IMF and effective exchange rate and conditionality provisions
c. another single currency and dollars' bilateral exchange rates with
all other major currencies
d. none of the above
59. Under _________________, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), a Washington based organization of 183 countries offering financial assistance and advice to countries in need, requires a borrowing country to follow certain fiscal and monetary policies to insure its return to economic health.
a. surveillance
b. SDRs
c. fixed exchange rates
d. conditionality provisions
60. Special Drawing Rights refers to:
a. reserve assets created by the IMF.
b. a weighted average of the dollar, euro, Japanese yen and British
pound sterling.
c. assets introduced in the early 1970s and used to settle imbalances
between IMF member countries.
d. all of the above
61. Each country's official reserves consist of:
a. inconvertible foreign currencies and silver.
b. convertible foreign currencies, gold, reserve position in the IMF
and SDRs.
c. SDRs and U.S. dollars.
d. all of the above
62. A country in deficit experiences multiple ________________ in its money supply, bank deposits and imports; while a country experiencing a surplus has a multiple _________________ in its money supply, bank deposits and imports.
a. expansion and reduction
b. decreases and increases
c. devaluation and incubation
d. saturation and drought
63. Under the gold standard the idea that central banks should contract money supply in a deficit and expand money supply in case of a surplus came to be called the:
a. Keynesian position.
b. velocity constant.
c. specie-flow mechanism.
d. all of the above
64. John Maynard Keynes challenged the specie-flow mechanism's premises that real output and __________________ are constant.
a. velocity, or the number of times per year the average dollar
changes hands to finance final goods and services
b. velocity, or the real volume of preliminary goods and services
provided during the year
c. the aggregate price level index
d. the quantity of money in circulation
65. The effect of a deficit in the current account is related to the proportion of any income reduction translated into reduced consumption, savings or imports, otherwise known as:
a. MPC, MPS and MPM.
b. marginal spending, decreased savings and loss of imports.
c. c/p, s/p and m/p.
d. none of the above
66. From the marginal propensities to consume, save and import, we can see that income is an important determinant of ___________________.
a. multiplication
b. shipping
c. elasticities
d. imports
67. The inverse of the sum of the marginal propensities to save and to import equals the:
a. multiplier.
b. ratio between total effect and primary impact.
c. ratio of rise in income to the rise in investment that created it.
d. all of the above
68. If MPC = 2/3, MPS = 1/3, and MPM = 1/3, then what is the value of the foreign trade multiplier?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 6
d. 3/2
69. In the example above, if the original increase in investment equaled $200 million, then what would be the final increase in income?
a. $600 million
b. $300 million
c. $1200 million
d. $100 million
70. How does a developed surplus, which increases income by a multiple of that surplus, work towards its own reversal or towards adjustment/equilibrium of the current account?
a. The increase in income creates more income from exports and less spending on imports.
b. The increase in income causes more outpayments for imports and decreased inpayments from exports.
c. a and b
d. none of the above
71. The two automatic adjustment mechanisms that partially resolve deficits or surpluses are:
a. the employment and sterilization processes.
b. the inflation and export mechanisms.
c. the expenditures-income and money supply-prices mechanisms.
d. a and b.
72. Monetary policies influence the economy through control of
__________________, while fiscal policies affect ____________________.
a. the money supply and government revenues/expenditures
b. wages and the printing of new money
c. the removal of useless coins and the interest rate
d. none of the above
73. In 1996, when the IMF loaned Russia $10 billion, the IMF required Russia to tighten its fiscal policy. This type of demand is called the IMF's:
a. investment guides.
b. loan rules.
c. price rate positionings.
d. conditionality policies.
74. To reinforce automatic adjustment mechanisms, countries pursue specific fiscal (raising/lowering taxes on governmental expenditures) and monetary (contracting/expanding the money supply) policies called
______________________.
a. conditionality
b. expenditure-changing policies
c. inflation reduction notes
d. deficit or surplus busting
75. Investment in foreign bonds, stock, commercial paper, bank accounts, etc. is called:
a. foreign money.
b. portfolio capital.
c. soft currency addendums.
d. all of the above
76. The portfolio approach suggests that focusing on portfolio capital and hoping to affect foreign capital movement with interest rate changes is ineffective because:
a. domestic and foreign assets are not perfect substitutes.
b. investors divide their wealth between domestic and foreign assets
to protect against risk.
c. even if they are willing to shift a portion of their holdings in order to
take advantage of interest rates, they prefer to remain diversified.
d. all of the above
77. The system of fixed exchange rates means that developments in a large country affect its trading partners' economies. This effect is referred to as:
a. the domino theory.
b. the ping-pong philosophy.
c. foreign repercussions.
d. economic avalanch
e.
78. The United States was considered a locomotive country during 1995-2000 because its economic growth:
a. created more jobs for train engineers.
b. pulled other countries' economies upward.
c. came without new taxes.
d. a and c.
79. Because both the domestic recession and balance of payments surplus that Japan experienced in the 1990s required expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, Japan was said to be in a:
a. consistent situation.
b. inconsistent locomotion.
c. fluctuation increase.
d. coefficient elasticity.
80. Anytime domestic and external conditions require opposite policies, a country finds itself in an inconsistent situation. Examples of inconsistent situations would be unemployment and deficit or ___________________. In such a situation, ___________________ are the only solution.
a. inflation and deficit, trade negotiations
b. inflation and surplus, changes in the exchange rate
c. inflation and deficit, strict tariffs
d. none of the above
81. Unemployment and surplus both require ___________________ policies, while inflation and deficit require ___________________ policies.
a. expansionary and contractionary
b. tight and loose
c. floating and fixed
d. all of the above
82. Other than the direction that policies move the economy, the government
must also know ______________________ before deciding on economic policies.
a. worldwide exchange rates and central bank policies
b. IMF conditionality and the multiplier
c. the degree of impact and time lags
d. none of the above
83. The branch of economics that studies time lag and doses of each policy needed to fix an imbalance is called:
a. openness studies.
b. industrial phrenology.
c. corrective testing.
d. econometrics.
84. What are the two time lags common to almost all external policies?
a. The two lags are discretionary and rate reduction lags.
b. The two lags are the time it takes policy makers to see the need for economic action and the time it takes economic action to be initiated.
c. The two lags are consistent and inconsistent lags.
d. The two lags are the time required to lower interest rates and the
time required for tariffs to take effect.
85. How would a depreciation of the euro from $1.20 to $0.80 affect a European Union country's unemployment and current account deficit?
a. Depreciating the euro would result in decreased profits and
increased debts.
b. The currency depreciation would decrease the external deficit by
decreasing the cost of the country's goods and services, therefore
making their products more competitive at home and abroad.
c. It would expand the money supply, causing endless inflation.
d. all of the above
86. The relative effect of a decrease in price that comes with currency depreciation depends upon:
a. the corresponding increase in purchases.
b. unemployment rates at the time.
c. the central bank's willingness to increase the money supply.
d. none of the above
87. Demand elasticity is:
a. relatively elastic, of unitary elasticity or relatively inelastic.
b. greater than, equal to or lesser than one.
c. a measurement of the degree of changes in purchases in response
to a change in price.
d. all of the above
88. After a currency depreciation, a country with an external deficit would prefer what type of elasticity?
a. Relative inelasticity would help by lowering sales and overall sales
value.
b. Demand of unitary elasticity would be best due to the stability of
dollar value.
c. It would prefer relative elasticity, which would result in increased
purchases and therefore more income or dollar value to combat the
deficit.
d. none of the above
89. Unlike the inverse relationship of price and quantity in demand elasticity, in supply elasticity:
a. there is a direct relation between price and quantity.
b. as price rises so does the quantity supplied.
c. price and quantity do not appear on the same graph.
d. a and b.
90. Based on fluctuations in the $ = ￥ exchange rate shown in figure 14.5 below, how would you expect Japanese auto sales to be affected between 1994 and 1995 in the U.S.? Between 1995 and 1996?
Figure 14.5
a. The decreased value of the dollar and corresponding
increase in the yen made Japanese cars relatively more
expensive and less competitive between 1994 and 1995. But
the decreased value of the yen between 1995 and 1996
increased sales of Japanese cars in the U.S. due to the
decreased price.
b. The increased value of the yen caused more Americans to
buy Japanese cars between 1994 and 1995, because they knew
the yen was worth much more than the dollar. Between 1995
and 1996, the decreased value of the yen made Japanese cars cheaper and more competitive here.
c. Sales of Japanese cars in the United States would never
change due to dollar/yen fluctuations.
d. none of the above
91. According to the stability or elasticity condition, if the U.K.'s import-demand elasticity and demand elasticity for its exports add up to more than one, then:
a. the U.K. will experience a massive external debt.
b. currency devaluation will improve the U.K.'s current account.
c. inflation and unemployment will skyrocket.
d. the U.K. will win the World Cup.
92. Because the thinking about exchange rate adjustments relies on price changes inducing residents to move their purchases from exports to domestic substitutes (or vice versa), it is known as:
a. a dangerous proposition.
b. an expenditure-switching policy.
c. an anti-foreign theory.
d. a pipe-dream.
93. In order to avoid inflation and a shift back towards imports, policy makers considering currency devaluation must be extremely aware of elasticity conditions and allow for the offsetting:
a. interest rates and overemployment.
b. multiplier and petrodollars.
c. domestic price and income effects.
d. velocity and savings.
94. Despite concerns with domestic price and income effects, depreciation brings about positive redistribution of resources. These resource redistribution effects refer to the fact that:
a. prices rise more in foreign-trade industries (exports and import
substitutes) than in purely domestic industries.
b. the price ratio of traded to nontraded goods increases.
c. devaluation diverts resources from nontradable sectors to the
export and import-substitute sectors.
d. all of the above
95. Analysis focusing on domestic price, domestic income, domestic resource allocation and domestic employment all consider product market elasticities
one-by-one and therefore part of the:
a. elasticity approach to depreciation.
b. "no new taxes" plan of depreciation.
c. domestic approach.
d. domestic stability initiativ
e.
96. The absorption approach to depreciation focuses on the relation between:
a. elasticity of demand and elasticity of supply.
b. taxes and gold reserves.
c. the current account and domestic conditions.
d. none of the above
97. Since it lowers inpayment and/or increases outpayments,
___________________ is best suited to help a country experiencing current account surpluses and inflationary booms. On the other hand, since
__________________ improves the balance of payments and expands output and employment, it is best suited for dealing with domestic unemployment and external deficits.
a. elasticity and absorption
b. appreciation and depreciation
c. specie-flow and Dutch disease
d. a and b
98. Rarely can one instrument or policy properly address more than one target or problem. For example, in 1996 Pakistan both devalued the rupee and instituted a contractionary fiscal policy. In order to satisfy external and internal objectives, a country must utilize:
a. a policy mix.
b. GDP manipulation.
c. forced expenditure-changing.
d. a Bretton Woods system.
99. Dutch disease describes how a newly discovered natural resource can have drastic effects on an industrial economy. For example, when the United Kingdom discovered oil in the 1970s, the pound sterling appreciated and inflation dampened. But, in the long run:
a. interest rates plummeted and unemployment skyrocketed.
b. the industrial sector grew dangerously out of control.
c. the manufacturing/industrial sector deteriorated sharply.
d. none of the above
100. Absolute purchasing power parity could compare average price levels of ￡1000 (pounds) in the U.K. and $2000 in the U.S. for a representative basket of goods and determine the equilibrium exchange rate at ￡1 = $2. But
_________________ relates the exchange rate to changes over time in the purchasing power of the two currencies as measured against a prior base period thought to represent equilibrium in the exchange rate.
a. base period
b. equilibrium exchange rate
c. relative PPP
d. basket-pegging
101. According to the J-curve the initial impact of currency depreciation is to:
a. worsen the trade balance for 6-12 months.
b. drastically improve an external deficit.
c. stop all importing and exporting.
d. all of the above
102. In order to combat depreciation of the dollar Japanese countries reduce the yen price of their products to limit the rise in the dollar price. This practice is called the _______________.
a. stagflation attempt
b. pass-through effect
c. absorption approach
d. none of the above
103. Lost markets are not easily regained, and foreign exporters with a strong foothold are difficult to dislodge. These examples and the "inertia" of an overvalued currency are all described by:
a. economic inertia.
b. the appreciation effect.
c. slow markets.
d. hysteresis.
104. Factors which delay the effect that changing exchange rates has on trade balances are:
a. the J-curve and hysteresis.
b. incomplete pass-through.
c. absorption, PPP and fluctuation.
d. a and b.
105. According to the monetary approach, payment imbalances are based on money supply and money demand, and the demand for money as a stock depends on:
a. partial balances.
b. the price level and real output.
c. the reserve settlement.
d. a and c.
106. The money multiplier times reserves, made up of domestic credit and an international component, equals:
a. demand for credit.
b. the money supply.
c. real output.
d. domestic price level.
107. According to monetarists, any change in the domestic component of the money supply is offset by an equal and opposite change in:
a. the fractional reserve policy.
b. the exchange rate.
c. the international reserve component through the balance of
payments.
d. all of the above
108. An external surplus occurs when _________________, while an external deficit occurs when _________________.
a. interest rates change and exchange rates change
b. floating exchange rates become fixed and fixed exchange rates
become fixed
c. money demand exceeds supply and money supply exceeds
demand
d. all of the above
109. External surpluses and deficits are:
a. permanent.
b. based on inaccurate GDP estimates.
c. caused by poor fiscal policy.
d. temporary.
110. Disequilibrium in the balance of payments implies disequilibrium in the money market, which means that money supply and demand:
a. are not equivalent.
b. exceed foreign prices and output.
c. have risen too high too rapidly.
d. b and c.
111. Because the monetary approach views a stable demand for money as a stock, balance of payment adjustment policies (like devaluation or tariffs) are considered unnecessary and:
a. dangerous.
b. always resulting in inflation.
c. ineffective except in the short run.
d. a and b.
112. Under a freely floating exchange rate, monetarists see exchange rates determined by ____________________, which, of course, depend(s) on the relative money stocks and real incomes of the countries.
a. the ratio of the price levels of the countries
b. the tariff rates in the two countries
c. the interest rates in the two countries
d. the external deficit or surplus of each country
113. The main advantage of a freely floating exchange rate is that exchange fluctuations maintain equilibrium in the balance of payments:
a. which eliminates the need for international reserves.
b. which stabilizes the world economy and raises international profits.
c. and reduce unemployment and inflation.
d. none of the above
114. Following its 1992 crisis, in an attempt to adopt an arrangement between fixed and floating exchange rates, the European Monetary System adopted fixed exchange rates but widened the spread within which exchange rates fluctuated. This approach is called the:
a. wider band proposal.
b. crawling rate card.
c. the spreading sprea
d.
d. all of the above
115. The crawling peg system, practiced by Hungary and Poland, allows a country in disequilibrium to:
a. move its peg from LDCs to industrialized nations over time.
b. make pre-announced small changes in its exchange rate each
month until equilibrium is reached.
c. pay back annual deficits over a ten year perio
d.
d. a and c
116. A proposal calling on the IMF to establish objectives for major currencies' exchange rates is called
a. an attack point.
b. an aim level.
c. a band destination.
d. a target zon
e.
117. Some guidelines for countries joining an optimum currency area would include:
a. high level coordination in fiscal and monetary policy.
b. high levels of price-wage flexibility.
c. high levels of financial integration and factor mobility between the countries.
d. all of the above
118. The Maastricht Treaty of December 1999 outlined:
a. free mobility of capital within 12 European countries.
b. the replacement of 12 continental currencies with one common
European currency.
c. unified monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies among
participating Euro-Zone countries.
d. all of the above
119. Despite the loss of sovereignty and transitional costs from joining the EU, members of the EU expect to gain long-run benefits including:
a. decreased competition, higher exchange risks and decreased
wages in wealthy countries matched with increased wages in poorer countries.
b. reduced foreign trade transaction costs, price stability, elimination
of exchange risk, and increased competition and capital formation.
c. instantaneous price comparisons across countries and constantly decreasing prices.
d. all of the above
120. If the equilibrium exchange rate is $1 = 8 yuans, but the Chinese government decides to overvalue the yuan and fix the dollar at 6 yuans, then the Chinese government would have to:
a. impose exchange control.
b. issue millions of government bonds.
c. decrease the money supply by borrowing dollars from Japan.
d. none of the above
121. Under exchange control, __________________ is restricted, because citizens cannot change their money to other currencies without a government license.
a. dollar floating
b. money laundering
c. currency convertibility
d. all of the above
122. Exchange control is more effective than tariffs or quotas in dealing with external deficits, because:
a. exchange control includes all transactions (including services and
capital movement) while tariffs and quotas deal only with commodity
b. tariffs and quotas are merely designed to creates deficits.
c. exchange control is intended to maintain external balance, while
tariffs and quotas are merely intended to protect domestic industries
from international competition.
d. a and c.
123. Despite the IMF permitting the use of exchange control to stop capital outflow, companies manage to make capital transfers using:
a. importer overbilling and exporter underpaying.
b. exporters underbilling and instructing importers to deposit the
difference in exporters' foreign accounts.
c. importers overpaying foreign exporters and instructing exporters
to deposit the excess in importers' foreign accounts.
d. b and c.
124. Another exchange control method designed to affect balance of trade and, similar to depreciation, would involve China encouraging certain exports and discouraging certain imports by circumventing the $1 = 8 yuan exchange rate. The Chinese government could accomplish this by placing those certain products at a lower exchange value for the yuan, like $1 = 12 yuans. This technique is called a:
a. multiple exchange rate regime.
b. inequitable rate system.
c. loaded rate structure.
d. export rate reduction empir
e.
125. If Russia and India were devoid of foreign currency holdings but still wanted to participate in trade, they could pay each other by exchanging commodities under what is called a:
a. back-to barter-exchange mechanism.
b. bilateral exchange-clearing agreement.
c. trade without cash scheme.
d. none of the above
126. Under a bilateral exchange-clearing agreement, how would Indian companies exporting to Russia get paid for their products?
a. Indian exporters would draw payments in Russian rubles from a
special account in Russia.
b. Indian exporters would draw payments in Indian rupees from a
special account in Russia that was paid into in Russian rubles by Russian importers.
c. Indian exporters would draw payments in Indian rupees from a
special account in India that was paid into in Indian rupees by Indian importers from Russia.
d. Indian exporters would send their goods to Russian importers who
would pay Russian exporters directly to export to Indian importers. The
Indian importers would then pay the Indian exporters directly.
127. Under a clearing agreement, if bilateral trade is out of balance, Russia and India would agree in advance to a mutual line of credit, known as the
_____________________, up to a certain level.
a. equalizer
b. oversight
c. bilateral debt
128. Although trade under bilateral clearing agreements is directed by the need for bilateral balancing instead of by comparative advantage, this arrangement is actually superior to barter or:
a. countertrade.
b. tit-for-tat trade.
c. eye-for-an-eye trade.
d. none of the above
129. From 1950-1958, to help balance the over 400 bilateral clearing agreements in postwar Western Europe, a centralized network of clearing agreements and automatic credit (from surplus to deficit countries) was established as the:
a. European Monetary Club (EMC).
b. European Payments Union (EPU).
c. Western Europe Trust (WET).
d. Balance of Western Europe (BWE).
130. During the gold standard years, keeping currencies pegged at a fixed price in terms of gold was accomplished by deflating the money supply in times of external deficit and inflating the money supply in times of surplus. These reactions were called:
a. the rules of the game.
b. the gold inflate policy.
c. the gold monetary swing.
d. stabilizing theory.
131. Although the effects of WWI destroyed the underlying price-cost relationships on which the prewar exchange rates had been based, from
1870-1914 the gold standard was effective in adjusting external imbalances because:
a. no countries wanted to trade any goods anyway.
b. the lack of governmental controls over trade allowed the price and
income mechanisms to exert their balancing pressures.
c. silver was far too volatile.
d. none of the above
132. When 44 nations met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire after WWII to discuss economic problems, they chose a plan based on pegging exchange rates to the dollar, similar to one suggested by Harry White instead of John Maynard Keynes' British plan for an international clearing union. The 44 nations also agreed to set up two institutions:
a. an early form of the World Bank to help with European
reconstruction and the IMF, the central international financial institution.
b. the Marshal Bank to handle all currency exchange and the
Payments Union to fund European reconstruction.
c. the Sterling Area for fluctuating currencies and the Woods Bank to
assist countries with fixed exchange rates.
d. none of the above
133. During Bretton Woods, why did the U.S. monetary authorities take a passive position in the currency market?
a. The United States already felt uncomfortable about being the
anchor and the international transactions, vehicle, intervention and
reserve currency. Thus the U.S. central bank did not wish to provoke
国际经济学复习题
国际贸易部分 一、单项选择题 1.重商主义的基本观点是一种( ) A.国际金融的“乘数理论” B.国际贸易的“零和理论” C.国际金融的“杠杆原理” D.国际贸易的“绝对优势理论” 2.比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是( ) A.劳动生产率的差异 B.技术水平的差异 C.产品品质的差异 D.价格的差异 3.不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论有( ) A.重叠需求理论 B.要素比例理论 C.规模经济理论 D.垄断竞争理论 4.能反映规模经济理论本意的是( ) A.规模报酬递减 B.规模报酬递增 C.规模报酬不变 D.规模成本递增 5．一种产品的竞争优势并非长期固定在某一个特定的国家，而是从技术发明国转向生产成本较低的国家，描述这一现象的理论是（） A.雁形模式理论 B.产品周期理论 C.示范效应理论 D.大宗产品理论 6.下列不属于保护贸易学说的理论有( ) A.幼稚工业理论 B.贸易条件恶化论 C.国内市场失灵论 D.资源禀赋论 7.最佳关税水平应等于( ) A.零进口关税 B.零进口关税与禁止性关税之间的水平 C.禁止性关税 D.禁止性关税以上 8.最佳关税的长期目标是（） A.从外国垄断厂商那里抽取部分垄断租 B.保护和发展本国工业 C.阻止国外商品进口 D.增加本国财政收入 9.从历史发展看，最为成功的国际卡特尔是( ) A.烟草贸易公司 B.铁路运输公司 C.橡胶生产国组织 D.石油输出国组织 10.从国际经济资源流动的难度看，最容易流动的要素是( ) A.商品 B.资本 C.人员 D.技术 11.国际经济学理论体系发展阶段不包括（） A.重商主义 B.古典的自由贸易论及其自由贸易的政策 C.现代国际经济理论 D.重农主义 12.从国际贸易对生产要素分配的影响来看，国际贸易有利于（） A.生产进口竞争品中密集使用的生产要素收入的增加 B.生产进口竞争品中密集使用的共同生产要素收入的增加 C.生产出口品中密集使用的共同生产要素收入的增加 D.生产出口品中密集使用的生产要素收入的增加 13.一国利用原材料或资源密集型产品的出口增加本国收入，进而提高本国的储蓄和投资水平，带动经济发展。该理论被称为（） A.剩余物质出口理论 B.大宗产品贸易理论 C.比较优势理论 D.产品生命周期理论
国际经济学习题-有答案-权威大学资料
第一章国际贸易理论的微观基础 一、名词解释 1、国际贸易的交换利益 2、国际贸易的专业化利益 3、国际均衡价格 4、生产可能性边界 5、开放经济 6、封闭经济 7、贸易条件 四、简述题： 1、试用图形分析国际贸易的交换利益和专业化利益。 2、试画出贸易提供曲线图形并予以简要分析。 3、如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后国际相对价格更接近于哪个国家在封闭条件下的相对价格水平？ 五、论述题： 1、为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格重要？ 2、试推导贸易提供曲线。 第二章古典国际贸易理论 一、名词解释 1、比较优势 2、绝对优势 3、机会成本 四、简述题 1、试用图形或数学模型分析大卫·李嘉图的比较优势学说。 2、试画出绝对技术差距论的图形并予以简要分析。 3、试说明绝对成本说的主要缺陷。 五、论述题 1、比较亚当·斯密和大卫·李嘉图的国际贸易理论。并结合我国实际说明李嘉图的“比 较优势论”对我国的借鉴意义。 2、在战后的几十年间，日本、韩国等东亚的一些国家或地区的国际贸易商品结构发生了 明显的变化，主要出口产品由初级产品变为劳动密集型产品，再到资本密集型产品，试对此变化进行解释。 第三章要素禀赋理论 一、名词解释 1、斯脱尔波——萨谬尔森定理 2、罗伯津斯基定理 3、贫困化增长（悲惨的增长） 4、要素密集度 5、里昂剔夫之谜
四、简述题 1、生产要素禀赋论是如何解释国际贸易产生的原因的？ 2、试画出出口贫困增长的图形并作出分析。 3、如何根据罗伯津斯基定理解释要素禀赋不同的两个国家生产可能性边界之间的差别/ 五、论述题 1、试述H—O模型的主要内容，并分析其对我国的借鉴意义。 2、在战后的几十年间，日本、韩国等东亚的一些国家或地区的国际贸易商品结构发生了明显的变化，主要出口产品由初级产品变为劳动密集型产品，再到资本密集型产品，试对此变化进行解释。 第四章特定要素与国际贸易 一、名词解释 1、特定要素 2、特定要素模型： 四、简述题 1、假设一国的农业部门和制造业部门除劳动是共同的投入要素外，前者的特定要素是土地，后者的特定要素是资本，那么，世界市场上农产品价格的下降对该国制造业部门的生产会产生什么影响？ 2、在特定要素模型中，如果X、Y产品价格不变，增加流动要素——劳动的供给，会对要素的实际收入和X、Y部门的生产产生什么影响？ 五、论述题 试运用特定要素模型分析世界石油价格上涨对中国制造业部门生产的影响。假定能源部门（石油部门）和制造业部门共同投入的要素是劳动，同时两部门分别使用一种不同的特定要素。 第五章需求、技术变化与国际贸易 一、名词解释 1.重叠需求 2.产业内贸易 3.产业间贸易 4.产品生命周期 5.初始期 二、是非判断题 1、奢侈品具有收入弹性。 2、产业内贸易在充分竞争性产业中更为盛行。 3、产业内贸易发生的原因包括产品差异化、规模经济以及收入分配效应。 4、如果瑞士旅行靴的进口增加，英国皮靴制造商就会受到损失。 5、产品生命周期理论是一种静态分析理论
《国际经济学》篇章精选练习题及答案(DOC)
第1章绪论 重点问题:国际经济学的产生、发展、对象及其其他经济学科的关系 单选 1．国际经济学分析的最基本的出发点是（B） A经济增长 B经济自然增长 C制度创新的经济增长 D经济发展 2．经济发展是（D） A经济结构的变革 B社会和政治体制的变革 C经济自然增长 D制度创新的经济增长 3．国际经济最基本的出发点是（B ） A社会分工 B国际分工 C产业内分工 D产业之间的分工和合作 4．国际经济交往的主要方式是（A） A生产要跨国界流动 B国际分工 C商品跨国界流通 D开放经济 第2章古典国际贸易理论 重点问题：绝对利益说的基本内容及其评价比较利益说的基本内容及其评价 单选 1．在斯密的绝对优势贸易理论中，(C)。 A所有产品均具有绝对优势的国家最终将获得全部黄金和白银 B具有绝对优势的国家将获得大量贸易余额 C如果两个国家分别出口本国劳动成本相对较低的产品，将同时从贸易中获益 D如果一国不用关税壁垒保护本国产业，将丧失绝对优势 2．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，(B)。 A贸易导致不完全专业化 B即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 3．如果一个阿根廷工人能生产3蒲式耳小麦或1辆汽车，而一个巴西工人能生产4蒲式耳小麦或2辆汽车，则(D)。 A巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷没有比较优势 B阿根廷在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而巴西没有比较优势 C巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷在汽车生产上具有比较优势 D巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷在小麦生产上具有比较优势 4．根据比较优势原理的政策经验，一国从国际贸易中获益的条件是(B)。 A制造大量出口顺差 B以较低的机会成本进口商品而不是在国内生产 C本国比贸易伙伴强大 D本国相对于贸易伙伴具备绝对效率优势 5.比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是( A ) A.劳动生产率的差异 B.技术水平的差异 C.产品品质的差异 D.价格的差异 6.在比较利益模型中，两种参与贸易商品的国际比价( C ) A.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之上 B.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之下 C.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之间 D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的国内比价相同 简答： 1．请从国际贸易实际出发评价绝对利益说 P20 斯密的绝对利益学说揭示了在自由市场经济条件下，国际贸易产生的原因在于两国之间劳动生产率的绝对差异，按照绝对利益学说的原则进行国际分工，贸易的参与者与整个世界会因此而获得利益。这一学说在一定程度上反映出了国际贸易中的某些规律，为产业资本的发展提供了相应的理论支撑，具有重要的实践意义和理论意义。 从国际贸易实际出发的评价斯密的绝对利益学说在实践中运用存在着一个必要的假设前提：一国要参加国际贸易，就必然要有至少一种产品与贸易伙伴相比处于劳动生产率绝对高或生产所耗费的劳动绝对低的地位上，以便利用劳动生产率的绝对差异进人国际市场。如果一国在所有的产品生产上，劳动生产率均低于贸易对象国，该国便不具备参加国际分工的条件，或者在国际贸易中没有任何的利益获得。这一点在理论上过于绝对，在实践中也不符合实际情况(发展中国家劳动生产率很可能在所有产品上都不如发达国家，但仍然在进行国际贸易)，实际上陷入了理论与实践的两难境地：如果没有超过贸易对手的高劳动生产率部门，该国便被排除在国际贸易的大门之外，或者在贸易中本国的生产部门将被对方的竞争击垮。显然，世界贸易的历史与现实并不完全、普遍地符合斯密这样的假设。
国际经济学习题库
第二章劳动生产率和比较优势：李嘉图模型（习题） 一、名词解释 1 绝对优势 2 比较优势 3生产可能性边界 4 一般均衡分析 5 局部均衡分析 6 相对需求曲线 7 机会成本 二、选择 1.在比较利益模型中，两种参与贸易商品的国际比价 ( ) A.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之上 B.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之下 C.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之间 D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的国内比价相同 2.比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是( ) A.劳动生产率的差异 B.技术水平的差异 C.产品品质的差异 D.价格的差异 3、“两利相权取其重，两弊相权取其轻”是对比较利益理论的高度概括，这一理 论是由经济学家（）提出的。 A、亚当·斯密 B、赫克歇尔和奥林 C、大卫·李嘉图 D、大卫·休谟 三、填空
1、在李嘉图模型中，我们假定（）是各个国家产业部门唯一的生产要素，（）是各个国家产业部门之间唯一不同的生产要素。 2、比较成本学说理论的分析方法属于（）。 3、相互需求理论认为,( )是由贸易双方的供给条件曲线或相互需求曲线。 4、在李嘉图模型中，一国出口劳动生产力高的产品，进口劳动生产力低的产品，即一个国家的生产模式是由（）决定的。 5、各国参与贸易的原因有（）和（）。 四、简答 1、李嘉图比较成本学说的主要内容是什么？试析其合理 与不足之处。 2、本国有1200单位劳动，可生产两种产品——食物与衣 服，生产单位食物的劳动投入为3，生产单位衣服的劳动投入为2。 （1）画出本国的生产可能性曲线。 （2）用衣服表示食物的机会成本是多少？ （3）在自给自足时，本国用衣服表示的食物的相对价格是多少？
《国际经济学》复习题及参考答案
《国际经济学》复习题及参考答案 K135班 一、名词解释 1、国际经济学：是研究经济资源或稀缺资源在世界范围内的最优分配，以及在此过程中发生的经济活动和经济关系的科学。 2、倾销：海外的货物以低于同样货物的销售价格在同一时候在国内市场类似条件下的出售。 3、国际收支（广义）：在特定的时期（一般为一年）内，一个经济体与世界其他地方的各项经济交易。 4、提供曲线：就是相互需求曲线，表明一个国家为了进口一定量的商品，必须向其他国家出口一定量的商品的交换比率。 5、关税同盟：它是指两个或两个以上的国家通过签订条约或协定取消区域内关税或其他进口限制，并对非同盟国家实行统一的关税率而缔结的同盟。 6、贸易条件：即商品的国际交换比率。也就是单位出口能够换回的进口，用出口价格指数比进口价格指数。 7、外汇管制：一国政府通过法令对本国对外的国际结算和外汇买卖实行管制，用以实现国际收支平衡与本国货币汇率稳定的一种制度。 8、汇率：又称为汇价。是不同货币在外汇买卖过程中形成的交换比率。 9、开放经济：一个经济与其外部存在着经济往来关系，如对外贸易、资金流动、劳动力流动等对外经济关系。 10、资本国际流动：指资本从一个国家、地区或经济体，转移到另一个国家、地区和经济体的过程。 二、判断题 1、如果小国对进口商征收关税，那么关税造成的消费者损失小于国内生产商收益与政府关税收入之和。× 如果小国对进口商征收关税，那么关税造成的消费者损失大于国内生产商收益与政府关税收入之和。 2、李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，即使其中一个国家在所有产品上郡具有绝对成本优势，各国也可以根据比较优势进行专业化生产，然后通过贸易获益。√ 3、贫穷化增长适用于长期以来人口增长快于国内生产总值增长的国家。× 贫穷化增长适用于经济是典型的单一经济，离开单一产品的的生产和出口，该国就会陷入困境的发展中国家。 4、社会无差异曲线用来表示能够为社会成员提供相同满意感的商品消费组合。√ 5、产品生命周期理论认为，若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品，则这种新产品将在该国经历整个生命周期。× 产品生命周期理论认为，若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品，则这种新产品不会在该国经历整个生命周期。 6、幼稚产业是指那些处于成长阶段尚未成熟，但具有潜在优势的产业。√ 7、跨国企业是指向六个以上不同国家出口的企业。× 跨国企业是指在数个国家设有生产工厂的企业。 8、在实施布雷顿森林体系时期，美元是关键货币。√ 9、区分发展中国家和发达国家的最常用但并不完善的指标是人均GDP。√ 10、若美国经济增长速度高于英国，美元相对于英磅升值。× 若美国的通货膨胀速度低于英国，则美元相对于英磅升值。 11、斯密的绝对优势理论指出在贸易中两个国家均能通过出口其比另一国劳动生产率更高的产品获益。√ 12、共同市场是经济一体化的最高阶段。× 完全的经济一体化是经济一体化的最高阶段。 13、战略性贸易政策常常用来支持处于竞争激烈产业中的企业。× 战略性贸易政策常常包括对高技术企业的补贴和其他支持。 14、布雷顿森林体系要求成员国采取浮动汇率制度。× 布雷顿森林体系要求成员国采取以美元为中心的固定汇率制度。 15、货币分析法认为，国际收支赤字的根本原因是国内货币供给大于国内货币需求。√ 16、在金本位制下，一国的高利率和资本流入将有助于该国自动调整国际收支赤字。√ 17、一价定律认为关税不能影响进口产品价格。× 一价定律认为关税能影响进口产品价格。 18、如果德国的利率高于美国，则马克将在远期市场上贴水卖出。√ 19、从日本进口汽车应记入美国国际收支经常账户的贷方。× 从日本进口汽车应记入美国国际收支经常账户的借方。 20、若美国通货膨胀高于英国，美元相对于英磅贬值。√ 三、选择题 1、设一年前美元对人民币的汇率是1美元等于8.2345元人民币，假设美国的物价比前一年上升8%，而中国的物价水平上升10%，则美元与人民币之间理论上的汇率为( A ) A.8.3870 B.8.085 C.10.2931 D.6.5876 2、列昂惕夫反论包括以下解释，除了( B )。 A美国对劳动密集型进口产品征收高额关税 B美国实际上比其贸易伙伴拥有更多的劳动力 C美国的出口产品密集使用了熟练劳动力 D美国倾向于出口需要大量科学和工程技术投入的高技术产品 3．根据相对购买力平价理论，如果英国的通货膨胀率为10％，美国为4%，那么（ C ） A 美元相对于英镑升值4％ B美元相对于英镑贬值4％ C美元相对于英镑升值6％ D美元相对于英镑贬值6％ 4、不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论有（ C ） A. 垄断竞争理论 B. 规模经济理论
国际经济学试题及答案
三、名词解释 1.生产者剩余 答：生产者剩余是指生产者愿意接受的价格和实际接受的价格之间的差额。 2.罗伯津斯基定理 答：罗伯津斯基定理是指在生产两种产品的情况下，如果商品的国际比价保持不变，一种生产要素增加所导致的密集使用该生产要素的产品产量增 加，会同时减少另外一种产品的产量。 3.产品生命周期 答：产品生命周期是指新产品经历发明、应用、推广到市场饱和、产品衰落，进而被其他产品所替代四个阶段。 4.购买力平价 答：购买力平价是指两种货币之间的汇率决定于它们单位货币购买力之间的比例。 5.市场内部化 答：市场内部化是指企业为减少交易成本，减少生产和投资风险，而将该跨国界的各交易过程变成企业内部的行为。 6.黄金输送点 答：黄金输送点包括黄金输入点和黄金输出点，是黄金输入、输出的价格上限和下限，它限制着一个国家货币对外汇率的波动幅度。 7.要素禀赋 答：要素禀赋，即要素的丰裕程度，是指在不同国家之间，由于要素的稀缺程度不同导致的可利用生产要素价格相对低廉的状况。赫克歇尔-俄林 定理认为，要素禀赋构成一个国家比较优势的基础 8.比较优势 答：比较优势也称为比较成本或比较利益，是由英国古典经济学家大卫李·嘉图提出的。李嘉图通过两个国家两种产品的模型阐明，比较优势是一国 在绝对优势基础上的相对较大的优势，在绝对劣势基础上的相对较小的 劣势，遵循“两利相权取其重，两弊相衡取其轻”的原则。根据各自的 比较优势来来确定国际分工并进行贸易往来，双方便都可以获得比较利 益。 9.人力资本 答：所谓人力资本是资本与劳动力结合而形成的一种新的生产要素，然们通过劳动力进行投资（如进行教育、职业培训、保健等），可以提高原有 劳动力的素质和技能，劳动生产率得到提升，从而对一个国家参加国际 分工的比较优势产生作用与影响。 10.布雷顿森林体系 答：布雷顿森林体系是指从第二次世界大战结束到1971年所实行的金汇兑本位制。这一以美元为中心的固定汇率制度的特征简而言之便是“美元
国际经济学练习题及标准答案(内部资料)
国际经济学练习题及答案(内部资料)
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国际经济学练习题 一、判断题 1、当开放贸易时，所有消费者的境况都会得到改善。 2、根据简单贸易模型，在贸易发生之前，如果各国的某种商品价格相同，这些国家之间就不会有交换该种商品的动机。 3、如果一国中某生产者通过贸易能使自己的境况得到改善，那么，该国中所有的生产者都会通过贸易来改善自己的境况。 4、在两国间均衡贸易价格条件下，一国对某种商品的过度供给必然与另一国对该商品的过度需求相等。 5、不存在free lunch，但却存在free trade。 6、一国即便在某种商品的生产上具有绝对劣势，它也可以在该商品的生产上具有相对优势。 7、根据H—O理论，一国如果比他国拥有更多英亩的土地，该国便是“土地丰富”的国家。 8、在成本递增的条件下，各国并不一定要完全专业化于一种商品的生产。 9、H—O理论假设各国拥有相同的商品偏好。 10、我们或许可以通过更为细分化的生产要素定义而解决Leontief Paradox。 11、Stolper-Samuelson定理认为，贸易将使丰富要素的所有者得到更低的实际收入，同时使稀缺要素的所有者得到更高的实际收入。 12、如果各国的生产技术相同，贸易便不会使生产要素价格均等化。 13、一国的非技术性工人会比技术性工人更加反对贸易自由化。 14、大国可投资发展进口替代产业而不是出口产业，进而改善本国的贸易条件。 15、按照定义，小国的经济增长将不会使贸易条件发生变化。 16、青春期是一个贫困化增长的好例子。 17、一国生产要素的增长总会使该国更加自给自足，进而减少对国际贸易的依赖。 18、一个与外界隔绝的国家一定会降低其公民的生活水平。 19、产业内贸易在充分竞争性产业中更为盛行。 20、根据H—0理论，各国应进行大量的产业内贸易。 21、规模经济是指资源的平衡增长导致平均成本上升。 22、产业内贸易发生的原因包括产品差异化、规模经济以及收入分配效应。 23、如果瑞士旅行鞋的进口增加，英国皮鞋制造商就会受到损失。 24、自由贸易总是一种比征收关税更好的政策。 25、从量关税的优越性之一是其保护价值量与进口商品的价格上涨保持同步。 26、关税对一个国家来说可能是最优的，但对全球来说不会是最优的。 27、关税给消费者带来的损失要大于它给生产者带来的收益。 28、与关税相比，配额给政府官员以更大的管理灵活性。 29、只要进口许可证是被拍卖的，配额的福利效应就与关税相同。 30、如果一国政府的税收收入很少，它就会倾向于采用关税而不是配额。 31、对于进口国来说，自愿出口限制比进口配额效果更差。 32、自愿出口限制实际上很少是自愿的。 33、对症规则（specificity rule）认为，关税通常不是纠正一国经济中扭曲的最佳方法。 34、贸易保护的国防理论和国家荣誉理论基本上是次优的。 35、如果“learning by doing”意味者今天更多的生产会使未来的成本降低，那么最好的政策就是实行保护性关税。
(完整)国际经济学考试题库(答案版)
一、(完整)国际经济学考试题库(答案版) 二、 三、 四、编辑整理： 五、 六、 七、 八、 九、尊敬的读者朋友们： 十、这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之 前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整)国际经济学考试题库(答案版)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建 议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。 十一、本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为(完整)国际经济学考试题库(答案版)的全部内容。 十二、
十三、试述H—O模型的主要内容并予以评价。 1、基本内容： 资本丰富的国家在资本密集型产品上相对供给能力较强，劳动丰富的国家则在劳动密集型产品上相对供给能力较强.根据比较优势原则，一国出口密集使用其丰富要素的产品，进口密集使用其稀缺要素的产品. 要素的自然禀赋—要素供给—要素的相对富饶程度-要素相对价格-生产成本差异—商品价格差异—贸易的发生 2、评价： 贡献：a、从一国经济资源优势解释国际贸易发生的原因；b、从实际优势出发决定贸易模式;c、从贸易对经济的影响分析贸易的作用。 局限性：a、禀赋并非贸易发生的充分条件；b、对需求因素未予以充分考虑，影响了理论对实际情况的分析;c、过分强调静态结果,排除技术进步及实际存在的情况，影响了理论的适用性。 十四、结合货币市场和外汇市场，以美元为本币，请画图美联储增加货币供给后，美元对欧元的汇率将如何变动。 外汇指的是以外国货币表示的，为各国普遍接受的，可用于国际间债权债务结算的各种支付手段。货币政策是指政府或中央银行为影响经济活动所采取的措施,尤指控制货币供给以及调控利率的各项措施。 一国货币供给的增加会使该国货币在外汇市场上贬值。美国的货币市场决定美元的利率,美元利率则影响维持利率平价的汇率.所以当美联储增加货币供给后，会导致美元相对欧元的贬值。但美元供给的变 动对长期利率和实际产出没有影 三、什么是恶性通货膨胀，可能导致恶性通货膨胀的原因以及应对措施。 恶性通货膨胀又称“超速通货膨胀”,是三位数以上的通货膨胀。指流通货币量的增长速度大大超过货币流通速度的增长,货币购买力急剧下降,物价水平加速上升，整体物价水平以极高速度快速上涨的现象,使民众对货币价值失去信心。由于货币的流通量增加快速,使货币变得没有价值时,人们会急于要以货币换取实物，人心惶惶的结果只会更加速通货膨胀的恶化，整体经济濒临崩溃边缘. 恶性通货膨胀是一种不能控制的通货膨胀,在物价很快地上涨的情况下，就使货币失去价值.在社会经济发展和运行中，如果某一国家或地区出现了恶性的通货膨胀、剧烈的汇率波动或严重的地区政治冲突，其发行的信用货币（纸币）将存在很大的风险。导致恶性通货膨胀的经济原因一般是纸币发行过多。 措施：控制货币供应量，调节控制社会总需求,增加商品有效供给. 四、为什么现实生活中会出现严重违背购买力平价的情况? 1。贸易壁垒和非贸易品 运输费用和贸易管制会使得商品在不同国家之间的流通成本变高,从而削弱作为购买力评价理论基础的一价定律的作用机制.由于非贸易品的存在，即使是相对购买力，也会出现系统性的偏差。 2.非自由竞争 当贸易壁垒和不完全竞争市场结构同时存在时，各国价格水平之间的联系会进一步弱化。 3。不同国家消费模式和价格水平计量方面的区别 生活在不同国家的人们的消费方式不同,而且由于相对购买力平价预测的是价格变动而非价格水平,所以不管各国用什么样的商品篮子来定义价格水平，它都是一种切合实际的概念,商品篮子中不同商品的相对价格发生变动可能会使得相对购买力平价无法经手不同官方价格指数的检验。 五、什么是比较优势，如何评价比较优势。 比较优势是指如果一个国家在本国生产一种产品的机会成本（用其他产品来衡量)低于在其他国家生产该产品的机会成本的话,则这个国家在生产该种产品上就拥有比较优势。
国际经济学习题及参考答案
国际经济学作业 一、名词解释 幼稚产业：所谓幼稚产业是指某一产业处于发展初期，基础和竞争力薄弱但经过适度保护能够发展成为具有潜在比较优势的新兴产业。 倾销：是指一国（地区）的生产商或出口商以低于其国内市场价格或低于成本价格将其商品抛售到另一国（地区）市场的行为。 提供曲线：也称相互需求曲线，是由马歇尔和艾奇沃斯提出的，它表明一个国家为了进口一定量的商品，必须向其他国家出口一定量的商品，因此提供曲线即对应某一进口量愿意提供的出口量的轨迹。两个国家的提供曲线的交汇点所决定的价格，就是国际商品交换价格（交换比率）。 国际收支：国际收支分为狭义的国际收支和广义的国际收支。狭义的国际收支指一个国家或地区与世界其他国家或地区之间由于贸易、非贸易和资本往来而引起的国际间资金收支流动的行为。包括两种具体形式:直接的货币收支和以货币表示的资产的转移。反映了以货币为媒介的国际间的债权、债务关系。广义的国际收支为系统记载的、在特定时期内(通常为一年)一个国家或经济体的居民与世界其他地方居民的全部各项经济交易，不仅包括外汇收支的国际借贷关系，还包括一定时期全部经济交易与往来。 二、简答题 试画出出口贫困化增长的图形并作出分析 答：出口贫困化增长，是指某国的传统出口产品的出口规模极大地增长，但结果不仅使该国的贸易条件严重恶化，而且该国的国民福利水平也出现下降，这种现象一般出现在发展中国家。
贸易条件变化前，该国生产均衡点为A，消费点为C；由于该国传统出口产品X 的出口规模极大增长，使得该国贸易条件恶化，此时，生产点变为A’，消费点变为C’。由图中的无差异曲线可以看出，该国贸易条件的变化使得它的福利水平低于增长前。这种情形就成为“出口贫困化增长”。 产生出口贫困化增长的原因主要有：（1）该国在该种出口产品的出口量中占到相当大的比重，这样，当其出口大幅度增加时，会导致世界市场上出现供大于求的情况，导致价格大幅下跌。（2）该种产品的需求国的需求弹性很低，当产品价格降低时，需求是并不会相应大幅增长。（3）该国经济结构十分单一，依赖该种产品的出口来促进经济的发展，因此在贸易条件恶化的时候也不能压缩出口，而是进一步扩大出口量从而保持一定的出口收入。 试说明国际贸易中要素密集度逆转的情况 答：这是解释列昂惕夫反论的观点之一，它认为，某种商品在资本丰富的国家属于资本密集型产品，而在劳动力相对丰富的国家则属于劳动密集型产品，如小麦在非洲是劳动密集生产过程的产品，而在美国则是资本密集型的产品，也就是大机器和高效化肥生产的产品。所以，同一种产品是劳动密集型产品还是资本密集型产品并没有绝对的界限。在国外属于劳动密集型的产品，也有可能在国内属于资本密集型的产品。 即如果两种要素在行业间的替代弹性差异很大，以至于两种等产量曲线相交两次，那么，可能产生生产要素密集度逆转的现象。即一种产品在A国是劳动密集型产品在B国是资本密集型产品。可能就无法根据H-O的模式预测贸易模式了。
国际经济学复习题
比较利益：由英国经济学家托伦斯提出、嘉图发展的国际贸易理论。认为:即使一个国家生产每种产品都具有最高生产率，处于绝对优势,而另一个国家生产每种产品都处于绝对劣势,只要它们的劳动生产率在不同产品上存在区别,遵循“两利相权取其重,两弊相衡取其轻”的原则,便能从国际分工和贸易中获得利益。 出口的贫困增长：是指一国生产要素增加使产品出口增加时，该国的出口收入不但没有增加，反而减少了。造成这种局面的直接原因就是国际比价贸易条件的恶化。出口的贫困化增长主要发生在发展中国家，根源在于出口量随着生产能力提高而增加，引起国际市场价格下跌，进而造成贸易条件恶化。 要素禀赋：是指一国所拥有的可利用的经济资源的总量。它既包括自然存在的资源（如土地和矿产），也包括“获得性”资源（如技术和资本）。这是一个绝对量的概念。 要素禀赋理论：即赫克歇尔—俄林定理，简称Ｈ-Ｏ模型。在国际贸易中，一国的比较优势是由其要素丰裕度决定的。一国应生产和出口较密集地使用其较丰裕的生产要素的产品，进口较密集地使用其较稀缺的生产要素的产品。 要素价格均等化定理：即使生产要素不具备国际流动的条件，只要商品自由贸易得到充分的发展，那么各国同种生产要素的相对价格会趋于相等。同时，绝对价格也会趋于相等。要素密集度逆转：是指生产的某种商品，在劳动力相对丰富的国家中属于劳动密集型产品，但在资本相对丰富的国家中则属于资本密集型产品。 产业贸易理论：一国即出口又进口某种产业产品的贸易现象。具体主要指的是同一产业部门部的差异化产品的交换和中间产品的交流。按国际贸易标准分类至少前三位数相同的产品既出现在一国的进口项目中、又出现在该国的出口项目中。规模收益：当所有投入要素的使用量都按同样的比例增加时，这种增加会对总产量的影响。 规模收益是指涉及到厂商生产规模变化与产量变化之间的关系，如果生产规模的变化是由所有生产要素以相同比例扩大或减少而引起的，那么对应的产量变动就有三种情况：（1）如果产量增加的比率大于生产要素增加的比率，则生产处于规模收益递增阶段；（2）如果产量增加的比率等于生产要素增加的比率，则生产处于规模收益不变阶段；（3）如果产量增加的比率小于生产要素增加的比率，则生产处于规模收益递减阶段。 出口补贴：出口补贴又称出口津贴，是一国政府为了降低出口商品的价格，增加其在国际市场的竞争力，在出口某商品时给予出口商的现金补贴或财政上的优惠待遇。 进口配额：一国政府对一定时期进口的某些商品的数量或金额加以直接控制。在规定的期限，配额以的货物可以进口，超过配额不准进口，或征收较高关税后才能进口。简单而言，配额是对进口商品设置一定的限额，其目的与征收关税一样，为了限制进口，保护国工业。但与关税不同的是，进口配额是直接的数量控制而不是通过提高进口商品价格间接地减少进 口。 生产者剩余：生产者剩余是指生产者愿意接受的价格和实际接受的价格之间的差额。 消费者剩余：消费者在购买一定数量的某种商品时愿意支付的总数量和实际支付的总数量之间的差额 幼稚产业：某种产业由于技术经验不足、劳动生产率低下、产品成本高于世界市场价格，因而无法与国外产业竞争，但在关税、补贴等保护措施下继续生产一段时间，经过一段时间的生产能够在自由贸易条件下获利，达到其他国家水平而自
国际经济学习题
国际经济学习题 习题1 “世界上一些最贫穷的国家找不到什么产品来出口。在这些国家里，没有一种资源是充裕的。不用谈资本，也不用说土地，在一些又小又穷的国家，甚至连劳动也不充裕。” 分析上面这段话。 这种观点并不正确。该观点混淆了绝对充裕和相对充裕的概念，即便是很小很穷的国家也能出口自己相对充裕的资源。 从比较优势理论来讲，在两国都能生产同样两种产品的条件下，其中一国在两种产品生产上的劳动生产率均高于另一国，该国可以专门生产优势较大的产品，处于劣势地位的另一国可以专门生产劣势较小的产品；通过国际分工与贸易，双方仍可从国际贸易中获利。根据该理论，贫穷的国家，也能找到相对充裕的资源，通过合理的国际比价，换取相对不充裕的资源而从中受益。 也可以从要素禀赋理论来解释，最贫穷的国家也有相对充裕的要素资源，比如资本和劳动，总有一方比另一方更充裕。这样，贫穷的国家也可以通过出口自己相对充裕的要素产品来换取相对不充裕的要素产品来获益。 如果从规模经济的角度来说，在规模经济不变的情况下，最贫穷的国家通过专门生产优势产品，扩大生产规模，降低生产的平均成本，如果能形成外部规模经济，甚至能降低国内该行业的平均成本，并通过国际贸易换取自己相对不充裕的产品来获益。 综上，即便是贫穷的小国也能够从国际贸易中获益。
习题2 1、试比较“新贸易理论”与比较优势理论之间的异同。 相同点：都能够解释即便是在绝对优势存在的情况下，国际贸易还能发生的原因。都能够解释两国如果想从贸易中获益，就必须专注于生产自己生产率比较高、成本比较低的相对优势产品。 两种理论都建立在“投入增加，产出增加”的前提基础上。 不同点：比较优势理论只是从生产效率来解释，而新贸易理论从规模经济、差异产品等角度来解释贸易双方会专业化生产自己更有优势的产品，不单单是生产效率方面，还包含历史因素、偶然因素等。 规模经济说明，生产规模扩大会降低生产成本，而比较优势理论没有考虑规模（投入）扩大后，生产成本降低的状况。 2、假定一家在国内具有一定市场势力的企业，在国内市场上它销售10000个单位产品，并且在国外销售1000个单位产品。现在，该厂商将该产品在国内市场上的售价定为400美元一件，在国外市场上卖350美元一件。如果该企业要增加1个单位产品的生产，它卖到哪个市场能够使它获利较多或“最大限度的利润”呢？（假定增加1个单位商品销售，该商品的卖价要降低1美分。） 应该买到国外市场上去。 通过计算： 如果买到国内市场，会增加收入(400-0.01)-10000*0.01=299.99 美元 如果买到国外市场，会增加收入(350-0.01)-1000*0.01=339.99 美元 买到国外市场比买到国内市场多收入339.99-299.99=40 美元 用到了倾销的道理，所以应该出售到国外市场上去。
国际经济学考试试题完美版,含答案.
全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试 国际经济学试题 课程代码00140 一、单项选择题25小题1分25分 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的 错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.从十五世纪初到十八世纪中叶A A.重商主义 B.重农主义 C.重金主义 D.货币主义 2.采取进口替代战略的国家不倾向使用的政策是D A.对进口关税设置壁垒 B.对非关税设置障碍 C.对外汇实行管制 D.对本国货币低估对外价值 3.相对技术差异论的提出者是B A.斯密 B.李嘉图 C.奥林 D.赫克歇尔 4.关税与贸易总协定进行了多轮多边贸易谈判C A.日内瓦回合 B.东京回合 C.乌拉圭回合 D.安纳西回合 5.世界贸易组织成立于C A.1993年 B.1994年 C.1995年 D.1996年 6.一般而言不属于外汇市场主要参与者的是D A.商业银行 B.中央银行 C.外贸公司 D.居民个人 7.国际收支平衡表中最重要的收支差额是D A.官方结算差额 B.商品贸易差额 C.基本收支差额 D.经常项目差额 8.国际收支调整的重要基础理论是C A.调整论 B.货币论 C.弹性论 D.平衡论 9.从总体上看 产品的需求弹性的绝对值将A A.大于1 B.小于1 C.等于1 D.不确定 10.在开放经济条件下c=0.6s=0.3 考虑政府的财政收入部分C A.10/9 B.5/3 C.5/2 D.10/3 11.下列属于非关税壁垒的措施是D A.反倾销税 B.反补贴税 C.进口附加税 D.国内最低限价 12.最佳关税来源于B A.进口国厂商 B.出口国厂商 C.第三国出口厂商 D.第三国进口厂商
国际经济学考试题
试卷 编号： 郑州航空工业管理学院2010—2011学年第一学期 课程考试试卷（ A ）卷 一、单项选择题（本题总计20分，每小题1分） 1．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，（）。 A、贸易导致不完全专业化 B、即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C、与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D、只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 2．如果一个劳动力丰富的国家与另一资本丰富的国家进行自由贸易，则（） A、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本上升 B、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本下降 C、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家上升 D、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家下降 3．如果机会成本是递增而不是固定不变的，国际贸易将导致（）。 A、每个国家完全专业化，且生产成本下降 B、每个国家不完全专业化，且出口产品生产成本不变 C、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本上升 D、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本下降 4．（）可用于解释发达国家之间的制成品贸易。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、绝对优势学说5．可以解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、绝对优势学说 D、规模经济理论6．一种产品的竞争优势并非长期固定在某一个特定的国家，而是从技术发明国转向生产成本较低的国家，描述这一现象的理论是（）。 A、产品生命周期理论 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、规模经济理论 7、社会无差异曲线用来表示（）。 A、一国公民不愿意与别国进行贸易的百分比 B、能够为社会成员提供相同满意感的商品消费组合 C、为多生产一单位其他产品而必须放弃的本来生产产品的数量 D、一国具有比较优势的产品
国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)
【国际经济学】英文题库 Chapter 1: Introduction Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States? *A. Coffee, tea, cocoa B. steel, copper, aluminum C. petroleum, coal, natural gas D. typewriters, computers, airplanes 2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of: A. the United States *B. Switzerland C. Germany D. England 3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has: *A. grown B. diminished C. remained unchanged D. cannot say 4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by: A. the size of the nations' population B. the percentage of its population to its GDP *C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDP D. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for:
国际经济学习题答案提示
第四章习题答案提示 1．会的。在长期内，低技术劳动力可经过技术培训成为高技术劳动力，劳动力则不具备特定性2．：不变。因为要素密集度不变 3．：劳动增加并且完全就业，则整个经济的资本-劳动比例下降，劳动力价格将下降。劳动力增加将增加密集使用劳动力产品的产量；资本密集型产品的产量下降。 4．：某一特定要素增加，将导致密集使用该要素产品的产量上升，同时由于另一个部门释放出了一部分共同要素，使得另一个部门的产量下降了。共同生产要素的收入将上升。 5．依然有效。 6．：随着世界市场能源价格上升，一部分劳动力将由制造业部门流到能源部门，能源部门产量增加，制造业部门的产量下降。 7*.：根据特定要素模型，短期内，特定要素在两个部门间无法流动。按照本章的分析，虽然都是资本，但是x和y部门的资本回报是不一样的，所以不会导致要素价格均等化。 第五章习题答案提示 1. 试比较重叠需求理论与要素禀赋理论的异同。 答案提示：这两个理论都解释了国际贸易的原因。不过，二者也有很大区别。第一，这两个理论解释国际贸易的出发点并不相同。要素禀赋理论是从供给方面来探讨国际贸易的基础；重叠需求理论从需求角度探讨了国际贸易的起因。第二，要素禀赋理论主要解释发生在发达国家与发展中国家之间的产业间贸易，即工业品与初级产品或资本密集型产品与劳动密集型产品之间的贸易；而重叠需求理论则适合于解释发生在发达国家之间的产业内贸易，即制造业内部的一种水平式贸易。 2. 你认为重叠需求理论适合解释发展中国家之间的贸易吗？为什么？ 答案提示：适合。因为不同的发展中国家在不同的产品生产上有优势，虽然这些产品有可能都是劳动力密集型的产品。发展中国家虽然从总体上发展水平相近，但是在具体产品上却不一样，发展中国家之间也可能有产业内贸易，并用重叠需求理论来解释。 3. 重叠需求理论与第三章中所提到的需求逆转都是讨论需求因素对国际贸易的影响，两者之间有什么区别？ 答案提示：需求逆转主要解释产业间贸易，而重叠需求理论则解释产业内贸易。需求逆转解释要素禀赋理论为什么在有的时候不符合现实情况，强调需求有可能使得贸易方向发生变化；重叠需求理论解释的是产业内贸易发生的原因。 4*.如果考虑收入分配格局这一因素的话，重叠需求理论的结论会受到影响吗？为什么？ 答案提示：会有一定影响，但是基本结论不会变。当一个国家收入分配越是平均的时候，本国有代表性的需求所占份额越大，当所有国家的收入分配都非常平均的时候，重叠需求的份额会减少。但是，一个国家的收入分配不可能会完全平均的，所以重叠需求理论的基本结论不会变。5．试举例说明产品周期理论。 答案提示：可以以东亚地区的电子产业发展为例。 6．试比较产品周期理论与要素禀赋理论的异同。 答案提示：产品周期理论是一个动态理论，产品周期理论从技术变化的角度，探讨了比较优势的动态演变；而要素禀赋理论是静态的。两个理论都强调生产方面的优势，即从供给角度讨论问题。7．如果创新国在丧失比较优势之后，转而研究开发新品种，在这种情况下，是否可发生产 业内贸易？如果发生产业内贸易，那么贸易应发生在哪些国家之间？ 答案提示：创新国如果研究的是相同产业中的更新品种，则创新国和其他发达国家之间会出现产业内贸易，因为此时其他发达国家生产的是此产业产品的旧品种。
国际经济学复习题答案
国际经济学复习题答案
厦门大学网络教育2011-2012学年第二学期 《国际经济学》复习题 一、单项选择题 1.下列哪些行业最有可能具有内部规模经济（D）。 A.好莱坞的电影业 B.加州硅谷的半导体产业 C.北京中关村的电脑城 D.美国的大型农场 2. 如果两国在商品的生产中具有不同的机会成本，那么两国能够从专业化与交换中（ B ） A 均遭受损失 B 均获得收益C无法确定 D 既不受损，也不受益 3.进口关税的分类不包括是（B） A.从价税 B.营业税 C.复合税 D.滑准税 4.按进口商品的价值征收一定比例税收的关税税种是（B） A.从量税 B.从价税 C.复合税 D.滑准税 5.在比较优势模型中，发生国际贸易后两种商品的国际相对价格( C ) A.在贸易前两国的两种商品的相对价格之上 B.在贸易前两国的两种商品的相对价格之下 C.在贸易前两国的两种商品的国内相对价格之间 D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的相对价格相同 6.征收关税后，大国的社会福利水平（D） A.上升 B.稍微下降 C.下降很多 D.都有可能 7.赫克歇尔—俄林理论认为，国际贸易产生的根本动因是国际间的（B） A劳动生产率不同 B 资源禀赋不同 C 绝对优势不同 D 资源使用效率不同
8. 在特定要素模型中，如果X、Y两种商品的价格上升同样的幅度，则名义工资和劳动力在两部门之间的分配情况应当是（C ）。 A. 名义工资上升，劳动力从X流向Y B. 名义工资上升，劳动力从Y流向X C. 名义工资上升，劳动力的分配不变 9.比较优势理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是( A ) A劳动生产率的差异B技术水平的差异 C产品品质的差异D价格的差异 10.对于一个小国（价格接受国）来说，最优关税为（A ） A.零 B.禁止关税 C.毫无疑问的是正值 D.随着国家需求弹性的增加而增加 11．美国出口豪华型汽车、进口经济型汽车的贸易现象叫（B）。 A 产业间贸易 B 产业内贸易 C 公司内贸易 D 公司间贸易 12.各国实行贸易保护对国际分工的影响是（B ）。 A 促进B阻碍 C 无关 D 不确定 13.在李嘉图模型中，我们假定（B ）是各个国家产业部门唯一的生产要素 A 资本 B 劳动 C 土地 D 矿产 14.斯密绝对优势模型的基本假设不包括：（D） A.只有一种要素投入 B.规模报酬不变 C.无运输成本 D.规模报酬递减