《学习心理辅导》填空强化训练(最新)

填空题：

1、人生发展的四大支柱是学会求知、学会做事、学会共同生活、学会生存。

2、桑代克在尝试错误学习中总结出效果律、练习律、准备律三条规律。（P25）

3、美国心理学家布鲁纳认为，儿童认知发展的三个分阶段是动作表征、映象表征、符号表征，他又提出了发现学习。

4、强化是操作性条件学习的重要概念，有正强化和负强化之分。

5、信息加工理论的基本假设，即把人的认知过程，看成计算机式的信息加工过程。

6、陈述性知识表示事实性知识，即回答“××是什么”的问题。程序性知识含有概念、规律和规则系统。（P49）

7、奥苏伯尔认为学校情境中的成就动机，至少应包括认知内驱力、自我提高的内驱力

和附属内驱力三种内驱力成分。

8、阿特金森认为，人的成就动机具有两种不同的倾向，一种是力求成功的倾向，另一种是避免失败的倾向。（P82）

9、激发内部动机的方法有归因训练、自信心训练和角色转换等。

10、学习策略的特点有主观能性、有效性、过程性、通用性。（P114）

11、问题解决策略是多种多样的，一般将问题解决策略分为算法和启发法两类。

12、信息加工论综合了桑代克的试误论和格式塔的顿悟说的观点，认为问题解决是对问题空间的探索，以建立一种与问题对应的心理模式。

13、解码有两种方法:全词法和语音法。

14、阅读解码模式有两种：一种叫自下而上加工，另一种叫自上而下加工。

15、社会适应不良行为有外部行为失调和内部个性失调之分。

16、学习障碍鉴别的标准有：差距标准、排他标准和特殊教育标准。

17、学业不良学生的鉴别标准有智力标准、学业不良标准和学习过程表现异常标准。

18、数学学习困难学生的特征是算术障碍与运算能力障碍。

19、影响学生学业成就的家庭教育因素很多，有人将其分为客观性变量和主观性变量两个方面。（P291）

20、大量研究表现学习困难学生在感觉记忆、短时记忆和长时记忆等系统存在不少障碍。（P195）

21、常见的家庭教育误区有期望过高、保护过度、功能错位和方法不当等。

22、长时记忆的表征类型：情景记忆、语义记忆、表象系统和言语系统。

23、班杜拉将观察学习的过程划分为：注意、保持、动作再现和动机四个阶段。（P58）

24、归因理论最早由社会心理学家海德提出的。（P86）

25、学生的学习是因经验而使行为或行为潜能产生较为持久变化的过程。

26、学习策略形成的步骤：分析、计划、实施、监控、调整和元认知知识。（P112）

27、驱力理论是以生理学观点为基础的早期动机理论。（P77）

28、解码与理解是阅读的两大核心成分。

29、学习辅导的主要任务是帮助学生学会学习。（P13）

30、韦纳成就归因的三维度是：因素来源、稳定性和可控性。（P89）

31、命题是长时记忆里知识和语义的最基本的单元。（P71）

32、对学习理论最具有影响的两种对立的哲学观点是经验主义和理性主义。

33、经验主义的主要代表人物是17世纪英国哲学家洛克。

34、理性主义的主要代表人物是17世纪法国

哲学家笛卡儿。

35、在生成学习中，选择性注意、先前

的知识经验和动机是影响个体对信息意义理解

的重要因素。（P71）

36、影响获得的榜样特点有：相似性、地

位和声誉、能力水平、热情和教养。

37、中小学生学习心理问题：厌学问题、学业

失败、注意力障碍、学习过度焦虑、恐学症。

38、观察者的特点：感受、理解信息的能力、

不确实性、人格特征。

39、自我调节有三个阶段：自我观察、自我评

价、自我反应。

40、生成学习模式主要包括四个成分：生成、

动机、注意、先前的知识、知觉。

41、动机对行为的影响有四个特征：起动性、

方向性、强度、持久性。

42、马斯洛的需要层次论分为：生理需求、安

全需求、归属和爱的需求、自尊需求、求知的需求、

审美的需求、自我实现需求。

43、韦纳最初学业成绩的原因归纳为四个方

面：能力、努力、工作难度、运气。

44、归因训练的步骤：选择对象、干预实施、

效果测量。

45、学习策略的分类：主策略与辅策略、认知

策略---元认知策略---资源管理策；又可以分为：

基本学习策略、支持性学习策略、自我调控策

略。

46、认知策略分：复述策略、组织策略、精细

加工策略。

47、元认知策略分：计划策略、监视策略、

调节策略。

48、组织策略的运用主要的组织技术有两种：

轮廓法、地图法。

49、精细策略的运用有几种方法：辅助词法、

位置法、关键词法。

50、制定学习计划的意义在于：明确学习目

标、做到学而有序、磨练意志。

51、学习计划包括四个项目：学习目标、学习

内容、时间安排。

52、复习从时间上分：课后复习、阶段复习、

总复习。

53、复习从方式上分：阅读教材、整理笔记、

做习题等。

54、影响学生自我调控的因素有：个人因素、

行为因素、环境因素。

55、个人因素有：自我功效感的影响、动机的

影响、归因的影响、认知风格的影响。

56、学生评价自己行为有两种常用方法：一是

检查程序；二是根据别人的答案来评价自己的学习

结果。

57、杜威的问题解决五步法：提出问题、问题

分析、形成假设、假设检验、最佳途径选择。

58、问题空间由三种状态组成：初始状态、操

作状态、目的状态。

59、几种常见的比较有效的启发法：手段--

目标分析、反推法、简化计划法。

60、罗伯杰等人提出自动化的发展有三个阶

段：错误期、正确期、自动期。

61、教师应向学生正确示范理解监控的技能，

示范可以集中在四方面：总结、提问、澄清、预

测。

62、阅读技能训练包括五个阶段：浏览阶段、

提问阶段、细读阶段、背诵阶段、复习阶段。

63、REAP阅读法有以下四个步骤：阅读、编

码、注解、深思。

64、DRTA阅读法包括三个步骤：预测、细读、

验证。

65、数学问题解决的四项技能：一是问题转译；

二是问题整合；三是解题计划及监控；四是解题执

行。

66、根据不同的评价标准，学业不良可分为：

相对学业不良、绝对学业不良、成绩不足。

67、基本目标有以下三种：一是最大限度目标；

二是中间目标；三是最小限度目标。

68、差生的界定从以下三个方面：学习成绩差、

学习能力差、成绩、品行双差。

69、学习障碍儿童可分为：发展性学习障碍、

学业性学习障碍。

70、从能力与动力两个维度考虑，学习困难学

生可分为四类：暂时性困难、动力型困难、能力型

困难、整体型困难。

71、教育中常用的有以下几种：观察法、自述

法、谈心法、问卷与测试。

72、诊断的一般策略：材料的整理、分析判

断。

73、分析判断是诊断的核心，其中要抓住三点：

分析学习困难学生形成的原因、透过现象看实质、

抓住主要问题。

74、拼写困难的类型：拼写字母错误、发音错

误、整词反向、不能拼读。

75、阅读困难的辅导策略有以下几种：个别化

阅读、整体—语言经验方法、多种感觉方法、直观

词方法。

76、数学学习困难学生大致可分为四类：视觉

—空间能力不足、数学逻辑能力不足、数学概念不

足、成绩不足。

77、发现教师效能主要表现在以下几方面：教

学时间分配、教学活动组织化、师生语言沟通、反

馈的有效运用。

78、教学活动组织化分为两方面：一是指管理

组织化，二是指概念组织化。

79、师生语言沟通须注意两点：解说清楚明确、

彻底理解教学内容。

80、反馈的有效运用可采用两种方法：口头反

馈、文字反馈。

81、高效能教师与低效能教师的差异有以下两

点：课堂秩序的建立、课堂活动指导与反馈。

82、课堂管理模式：权威型管理、恐吓型管理、

放任型管理、食谱型管理、训导型管理、行为矫治

型管理、人际关系型管理、学生自主型管理。

83、八种管理模式归属于三类领导方式：民主

型、专制型、放任型。

84、自主定向的课堂结构模式包括三个主要成

分：学习活动和任务的设计、评价和奖励的运用、

权威的指导。

85、学生家长的教养方式主要有四种不良类

型：粗暴型、娇惯型、放任型、疏离型。

86、三种目标结构：合作目标结构、竞争目标

结构、个体化目标结构。

87、引起脑可塑性变化的两个必要条件：环境

中的适宜刺激；脑内所需的营养和能量。

88、支架式教学包括以下环节：预热、探索、

独立探索。

89、认知学习论有：格式塔学习理论、皮亚杰

认知建构理论、布鲁纳认知结构理论、奥苏伯尔同

化理论。

90、格式塔学习理论的代表人物有：苛顿的顿

悟学习、韦特海默的“火柴棒问题”和“九点一笔

连”。

91、三种时间有效指标：善用教学专用时间、

掌握专心学习时间、提供课业学习时间。

高考英语二轮复习专题三完形填空强化训练10

强化训练10 完形填空(二) (45分钟，100分) A Visitors to the dry, hot Sonoran Desert of the southern Arizona and northern Mexico are amazed at the many-armed giants. They are the saguaro cacti (树形仙人掌), a giant which gives the landscape its __1__ appearance. In the dry desert the saguaro cacti can live for more than 200 years, grow to a __2__ of 60 feet, and have as many as 50 arms. More __3__ , the saguaro cacti still persist despite the unbearable desert climate. Those that have grown to old age have __4__ droughts, freezes, flash floods, and bush fires as well as the __5__ caused by groups of rats that eat their seedlings(秧苗). Like all other desert __6__ , these leafless giants can store water for use during the desert's long dry seasons by __7__ water through their long roots. Naturally, the great saguaro cacti are a(n) __8__ part of the desert life. Actually the giants may be __9__ to many animals, including woodpeckers, owls, doves, bats and insects. In addition, after a saguaro __10__ the age of 50 or so, cold-resistant flowers __11__ at the top of the plants once a year. These flowers __12__ birds, bats and bees, which come for the honey and for the tasty flowers with their black seeds. __13__ the splendid saguaros are plentiful in the Southwest, they are unfortunately __14__ . These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening, and the thieves can earn thousands of dollars by uprooting and __15__ them to nurseries (苗圃). To protect these southwestern __16__ , agents for the Arizona Department of Agriculture go around and __17__ the desert. It's a most important job though a hard one. But without the saguaro cacti, many desert animals would suffer a lack of __18__ and loss of nesting sites. The Southwest, too, would __19__ something of unique importance, since these desert giants have become a __20__ of the dry region. 1. A. general B. basic C. unique D. lovely 2. A. length B. height C. size D. width 3. A. pleasingly B. inspiringly C. interestingly D. amazingly 4. A. lived through B. broken through C. cut through D. got through 5. A. crisis B. damage C. destruction D. load 6. A. plants B. lives C. animals D. creatures 7. A. pouring B. squeezing C. pumping D. absorbing 8. A. independent B. vital C. original D. mysterious 9. A. spot B. field C. home D. camp 10. A. turns B. takes C. meets D. gains

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高考英语二轮专题复习 完形阅读强化综合训练(三十四)

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高考英语完形填空高频 词汇整理 标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]

高考完形填空419个高频词 1. occasion 场合 2. situation 情况，处境 3. take over 接管 4. exchange 交换 5. command 命令 6. confirm 证实 7. cultivate 培养 8. prosperously 繁荣的 9. suspect 怀疑 10. relatively 相对的，比较的 11. acknowledge 承认，鸣谢 12. ambition 抱负，野心 13. quality 质量，品质 14. protection 保护15. equally 平等地 16. promise 承诺 17. clearly 清楚地 18. grateful 感激的 19. remove 移开 20. force 强迫 21. apologize 道歉 22. terrible 可怕的，糟糕的 23. stubborn 固执的 24. actively 积极地，主动地 25. spiritual 精神的，心灵的 26. magical 魔力的 27. willingly 愿意地 28. strengthen 加强

29. image 形象 30. complexity 复杂 31. cautious 小心的 32. manage 管理，成功做成 33. prejudice 偏见 34. economic 经济的，合算的 35. academic 学术的 36. control 控制 37. adopt 收养，采取 38. consume 消费，消耗 39. unique 独一无二的 40. beneficial 有益的 41. varied 多变的，各种各样的 42. demanding 要求高的 43. appropriate 合理的44. entertainment 娱乐 45. deliberately 故意地 46. purchase 购买 47. tough 艰难的 48. bright 明亮的 49. remain 留下，保持 50. terrify 使害怕 51. disappointing 令人失望的 52. formal 正式的 53. desire 愿望 54. share 分享，共有 55. fulfill 履行（诺言），执行（命令） 56. admit 承认 57. evident 明显的 58. consequently 因此，所以

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初一英语知识点强化训练完形填空

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