The ethnic community radio in australia

Chapter One: Documentary and Making Process Section 1. Documentary

Radio began to be talked of not only as a new form of communication, but also as a potential art form... Broadcasting might combine techniques drawn from cinema with a poetic style to build …sound pictures? that appealed to the listener?s inner eyes. Edited by John Corner (Scannell, 1991: 23).

Radio was born in 1896 in Britain. In its early history is a history of technology. With wireless technology developing, radio has been used for transmitting the signals to broadcast the information. In the beginning of broadcasting, it had filled the hours of airtime with music or voices, and some scheduled material (Corner, 1991: 2). In 1920, the total broadcasting system changed. Subsequently, programme services evolved to replace voiced programmes. People realized that free radio waves were easy to access, the wireless radio receiver was easy to operate, and that radio programmes were much more fun. Therefore, in the early 20th century, people suddenly could not live without radio.

What is Documentary?

Documentary accounts provide a quite distinctive type of picture of the world. Their legitimacy derives from a fidelity to actually existing situations and circumstances which they represent. Edited by John Corner (Chaney, & Pickering 1991,p29).

Documentary is a non-fictional representation based on fact or reality by using sounds or visual images to record the historical world. A documentary is a combination of facts, evidence, written records edited in a certain style. According to McLeish (1993), documentary conveys information in a direct and succinct way to draw people’s attention. Thus, a wide range of voices and thoughts should be involved (McLeish, 1993, pp). In recent years, although documentary programmes usually focus on current affairs, political issues, and political campaigns, it is dangerous to confuse the bottom line between fiction and fact.

A documentary can be factual, and can be divided into investigative, historical, musical and biographical forms. In the radio sector, radio presenters are easily confused between documentary and features. However, as Bell?s study (cited in Corner, 1991: 65), documentary must focus on factual presentation, whereas features do not. The documentary form of radio presentation should be concerned with people and events that can entertain, inform and provoke further action or concern (Baird, 1992, pp). In addition, Corner also cited Bell’s study, which conducted Scannell’s points (1991) that documentary is a particular process of defining political and social subjects in a mutually exclusive way (Corner, 1991).

In this chapter, I would like to talk about the BBC documentary from a theoretical position I gathered materials from Baird, Bell, Collins, McLeish Scannell. Meanwhile, in this chapter, I would also like to attempt to argue how to make a documentary. BBC Documentary

In the 1930s, the television audiences in the UK were around 100,000, which encouraged a rapid increase in the retail market. However, Bell (Corner, 1991: 66) argued in her study that the majority of television output was drama, with barely an appearance of current affairs, political campaigns or international issues. In 1936, Cecil Madden, who produced the first television programme, which broke the Disney cartoon movies dominant on television. After that, there was a tendency to produce the news-based television programmes.

The BBC was licensed to broadcast by the Post Office, and was financed by an annual license fee charged on all households with a wireless (Collins, 1991,PP). In the beginning, the British government did not allow a national broadcasting service to become an unrestricted commercial monopoly. After a long term struggling the media boundaries between politics and editorial, in 1955, BBC television service

still had a strong sense of internal solidarity. Corner (1991: 69) quoted Bell?s study. In the 1950s, the BBC was struggling for fulfill a goal of playing a leading role in breaking n ews. Then, in Silverstone?s 1955 study (Corner, 1991: 86) documentary within an institutional context as a small part of an isolated and under-funded service was regarded with …at best indifference and at worst suspicion and hostility by the senior members of a broadcasting monopoly firmly rooted in the traditions of sound broadcasting?.

Despite the documentary output on Television was successfully run in 1950s, there was no particular definition of the documentary (Collins, 1991). Political subjects were a lways at the top of documentary topics. In Bell?s article The Origins of British Television Documentary, which reported the Norman Swallow?s interview in 1979: “We wanted to be very non-political. We wanted to break loose from the convention that the truth is somewhere between the Right and the Left”. Hence, documentary makers transferred attentions over the film market, which is what we called dramatized documentary. However, the BBC?s Film Department could not afford to pay actors and the film-making fees.

Section 2. Making Documentary

As I argued what is documentary and documentary history above, in this section, I would like to discuss about how to make a radio documentary. Different from film documentary, radio documentary?s academic articles and studies are rarely found. Most studies are talking about the film documentary. Hence, I gathered all the materials I got through Griffith University library resource, and make a brief introduction of documentary making process.

Subject Choosing

There is no doubt that you must choose a subjec t first. What?s on people?s mind? What people are interested in? Find out through Internet or questionnaire or do a survey, make sure you get a subject that is new, hot interesting and newsworthy. Meanwhile, you must write down your objectives and your aims. Evaluate the information on your mind, and then you get your working title.

Planning

Documentary takes more time to prepare beforehand, unlike an on-the-spot interview (Baird, 1992: 136). It is essential to build up a detailed plan of a documentary. Firstly, you need to know how much time you have for the production, what kind of materials you will need and how can you find them? By setting out all these factors, it is time to consider the weight and duration allocated to particular parts of the programme (Baird, 1992: 138)

Secondly, when you thinking through all these ideas above, it is time to draw up your detailed plan. Write down all the processes you will take on your mind.

Collecting the Material

What kind of sources can be used? As a documentary, you need to write your story on based on facts. Hence, interview sources are very important to enhance the reliability of your story. Audiences always like listening to such stories because interviewees? experiences are extremely persuasive for audiences. According to Lois Baird (cited in Guide To Radio Production, 1992: 140), one thing to pay attention to is the duration of each piece of information and what weight it should be given. It should be possible that your plan has not matched a changing situation. Researching material completely before you start to fulfill a documentary is a vital component. Being able to ask the

right questions which relate to the aims of your program, you will find out more about the subject.

Structuring the Documentary

Baird argues the documentary structures that (Baird, 1992), after you have collected your subject related materials, you are able to structure a logical order. The order should be completed step-by-step. Actually, there are many different structures for a documentary and with no particular styles or rules to follow. One exception is that you must present a clear direction to ensure listeners are able to understand easily. Evaluating the information in each segment of information, and mapping a logical sequence of segments on basis of your storyline is an important element of the production process. A natural linking among all the pieces will help to drive the narrative in an informative and logical way (McLeish, 1994: 234).

Compiling the Documentary

Baird also argues that a radio documentary must impact on the listeners. In other words, you must make sure you catch your listener?s attention immediately. When you are compiling a documentary, good quality sound is very important and essential for radio, of course. It is time then to write a script for your documentary and to make sure the points are brief and intelligible (McLeish, 1994). The aim is to ensure the whole story makes sense. In case of radio documentary, it could start with a noisy opening, sound effects, people?s conversation, music or voiceover. This might e followed by a personal statement or conversation selected from your materials. To end a documentary there are some alternatives options available: (McLeish, 1994: 235)

1) A sum up from a narrator

2)Repeating a single phase

3) A further question pointing to the future

4)The same music as used at the beginning of the program

5)Simply do nothing leave it up to the listener

Summary

In this chapter, I summarized the ideas of documentary, the techniques of documentary, and how to make a documentary. According to my literature review, my project is divided into two independent part: a written part, and a 10 minutes audio documentary. This Chapter aims to outline the frameworks of the radio documentary, as well as an essential factor to direct the structure of my documentary.

McLeish, R, (1994), Radio Production: a manual for broadcasters, 3rd edthion, Oxford: Focal Press: 235.

Baird, L, (1992), Guide to radio production,Sydney: Australian Film Televsion & Radio School: 135-140.

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外研版高中英语选修七重点短语 Module 1 1. defend sb./sth. from... 保护某人免遭……defend sb./sth. against…保护某人抵御…… 2. of value=valuable 有价值的，有用的value sth at+价钱, 给……估价为……value sth 重视 3. on(an/the) average 平均起来above / below the average 在一般水平以上/以下 4. deserve sth /to do 应得/理应…… deserve to be done=deserve doing 值得被，应该 5. at one point 曾经，一度on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事之时 off the point 离题，偏题to the point 中肯，扼要 There is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有用，没必要 6. There is no doubt that... 对……没有疑问There is no doubt about sth. 对某事没有疑问 There is much doubt whether... 有人怀疑…… I don't doubt that... 我不怀疑…… I doubt whether / if... 我怀疑…… without / beyond doubt 毫无疑问 7. rely on/upon...= depend on/upon... 依赖，依靠…… rely on sb. to do sth.= rely on sb. / one’s doing sth. 指望某人干某事 rely on sb. for sth. 指望某人某事rely on it that... 相信…… 8. for an instant 片刻，一瞬间in an instant 立即，马上 the instant... 一……就…… = the moment = the minute = as soon as 9. appoint sb.(to be)/(as)... 任命某人为…… appoint sb. to do sth. 委任某人做某事 appoint some time / some place for sth. 为某事确定某时间/ 地点 make/fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会keep / break an appointment 守约/失约 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f8559285.html,mit suicide 自杀commit a mistake 犯错commit sth. to sb. 把某物托付给某人 11. apologise to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉 12. take possession of 占有，占据，拥有 in possession of 拥有，占有in the possession of 被……占有/控制 come into possession of 占有…… come into one's possession 被某人占有 13. be based on/upon 根据，以……为基础 14. if so 如果这样的话if any 假如有的话 if not 如果不是这样if possible 如果可能的话 15. grow up 长大 16. rescue …from… 把…某种状况下解救出来 17. set (up) a record 创记录 18. name sb. after … 用……给某人命名 Module 2 1.settle down 坐下；定居；（使）安静下来 settle down to sth. 开始认真对待；定下心来做 settle sth. with sb. 与某人解决某事 2.elect sb.+ (as) n./ 职位推选某人为…… 3.be suitable for... 适合…… 4.attract/draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意力

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shipyard n. 造（修）船厂；船坞 various adj. 各种各样的 entire adj. 全部的；整个的immediate adj. 立刻的；即刻的There’s no doubt that ... 毫无疑问 deserve v. 应得；值得 outstanding adj. 杰出的；优秀的；出色的 generation n. 一代人popularity n. 流行；普及 live adv. 现场直播地；现场演出地 commentary n. 解说 half n. （比赛的）半场 overtime n. 加时赛 coach n. 教练commentator n. （实况）解说员 rely v. 信任；信赖 stamina n. 持久力；耐力；毅力 quarter n. （篮球赛的）一节 selfish adj. 自私的；自私自利的 all the time 一直nature n. 性格；本性；天性 instant adj. 立刻的 hit n. 热门人物 nationwide adj. 全国各地的 if necessary 如果有必要的话 be rude to 对……粗鲁 dominate v. 支配；控制 be used to 习惯于（某事物）draw sb’s attention to 引起某人注意（某事物） wresting n. 摔跤（运动） boxing n. 拳击（运动） upwards adv. 向上地angle n. 角，角度 collision n. 碰撞 parallel adj. 平行的，并行的adequate adj. 适当的，足够的，sock n. 短袜 sneaker n. 胶底运动鞋absorb v. 消减，缓冲 bound v. 跳跃vest n. 内衣背心，汗衫abrupt adj. 突出的，出其不意的 2

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外研版高中英语选修7 单词表 B7 M1 dream team 梦之队 star n. （娱乐或体育的）明星 forward n. （球赛的）前锋 defend v. 防守 guard n. （球赛的）后卫 referee n. 裁判 hoop n. 圈 court n. 球场 slam dunk n. 扣篮 association n. 协会 league n. 联赛 top-class adj. 最优秀的；第一流的talented adj. 有天资的；有才能的professional n. 职业球员 complicated adj. 复杂的 hold v. 保持 consecutive adj. 连续的，不间断的 title n. （重大体育比赛中的）冠军centre n. （足球，篮球等的）中锋 scorer n. （进球得分的）运动员 valued adj. 有价值的 in the history of 在……历史上 grow up 成长，长大 attend v. 上（学） with an average of 平均为…… average n. 平均数 per prep. 每 gold medal 金牌 motivation n. 动力 tie n. 平局 steak n. 牛排 alongside prep. 靠着；并排 awesome adj. 了不起的 shipyard n. 造（修）船厂；船坞 various adj. 各种各样的 entire adj. 全部的；整个的 immediate adj. 立刻的；即刻的 There’s no doubt that ... 毫无疑问deserve v. 应得；值得 outstanding adj. 杰出的；优秀的；出色的generation n. 一代人 popularity n. 流行；普及

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单词 1．minority n．少数；少数民族 归纳拓展 (1)be in a/the minority是少数派(尤指在投票的两部分 人中)；占少数 a minority of少数 (2)minor adj.(常作定语)较小的；次要的 (3)(反)majority用作可数名词时，意思为“多数，大多数；过半数”。 常与定冠词the和介词of连用，构成词组the majority of...。the majority of...作主语时，其后的谓语动词单复 数取决于of之后的名词。 (4)the majority/minority单独作主语时，谓语动词既可 用单数，也可用复数。 例句：A small minority of British households do not have a car.英国的一小部分家庭没有汽车。 People from ethnic minorities often face prejudice and discrimination. 来自少数民族的人们常常面临偏见和歧视。 Boys are very much in the minority at the dance class.在舞蹈班上男孩子占极少数。 【链接训练】 Most nurses are women，but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a ________. A．scarcity B．minority C．minimum D．shortage 【解析】句意为：大多数护士是妇女，但在高层医 务工作者中，妇女只占少数。be in a minority “是少数派，占少数”。【答案】 B 2．run v．(run—ran—run) 控制，管理，经营；(公共汽车、火车等)(沿规定路线)往来行驶；伸展，延伸；融化；(指衣服上的染料或颜色)褪色，扩散 归纳拓展 (1)well/badly run 经营良好/不好 run a hotel/school经营一家旅馆/学校 (2)run after追赶某人，追逐某物 run across偶然遇见某人或发现某物 run into偶遇 run out花光，用完 例句：He has no idea how to run a business. 他不知道如何管理一个公司。 There are frequent trains running between London and Brighton. 伦敦与布莱顿之间的火车班次很多。 I'm afraid the colour ran when I washed your new skirt. 很遗憾，你那条新裙子我洗的时候掉色了。 【链接训练】My money has ________.Would you like to give me some? A．run out B．been run out C．been running out D．being run out 【解析】run out“花光，用完”，不可用于被动语态。【答案】 A 3．fasten v．固定某物；系牢，扎牢；盯住；集中注意 力于…… 归纳拓展 (1)fasten...on/to...把……固定到……上 fasten A and B together把A与B联结在一起 fasten on/upon抓住；缠牢；盯住 fasten up系住，使连结在一起，把拉链拉好 (2)fasten your attention on集中注意力于；认真地考虑fasten your eyes on注视着，盯着 例句：As the plane was getting ready to take off，we all fastened (up) our seat belts. 飞机就要起飞了，我们都系好安全带。 After the farmer fastened his ox to the tree，he sat down and had a rest. 农夫把牛拴到树上后，就坐下休息。 The children's eyes fastened on the stranger. 那些小孩子的眼睛紧盯住那个陌生人。 【链接训练】 The little boy tried to ________ his two small boxes together with a piece of rope. A．fold B．attach C．fix D．fasten 【解析】句意为：这个小男孩试图用一段绳子将他 的两个小盒子紧紧地捆在一起。fold“折叠”；attach“将某物系在另一物上”；fix“固定，修理”。而fasten A and B together with sth.“用……把A和B牢牢固定在一起”，符合题意。【答案】 D 4．adjust v．适应，使适应；调整，调节；安排；校准 归纳拓展 (1)adjust to...适应…… adjust sth./oneself to sth.使某物或某人适应(新环境等)，适应…… (2)adjustment n．调整，校正，适应 make adjustments to对……进行调整，调节，校正 例句：It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.几秒钟之后她的眼睛才适应了黑暗。 She soon adjusted herself to his way of life. 她很快地使自己适应了他的生活方式。 We’ve h ad to make some adjustments to our original calculations. 我们不得不对我们最初的预测进行一些调整。 【链接训练】

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外研社选修7 课文原文 Module 1Basketball Michael Jordan – Head and Shoulders Above the Rest! During the 1990s, Michael Jordan was probably the best-known athlete in the world. He was the top scorer in the NBA, and played for the Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1993. He was named their most valued player five times. Wearing his famous number 23 shirt, Michael Jordan became the most successful basketball player in the history of the game. Jordan was born in New York and grew up in North Carolina. He attended the University of North Carolina for a year before leaving to join the Chicago Bulls. He finished his first season (1984-1985) as one of the top scorers in the league, with an average of 28.2 points per game. In 1987, Jordan became only the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season. He was the top scorer in the NBA for seven consecutive seasons (1987-1993). During this time, the average number of points he scored was more than 30 points per game. With him, the Bulls won their first NBA championship in1991.

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外研版选修七module2重点知识与练习(精)

Ⅰ . 单词荟萃 1.settle v .解决;安顿→ _________ n .协议;解决;安顿→ ______ n .移居者;殖民者 2. ___________ adj . 好强的;好竞争的→ compete vi . 比赛;竞争;竞赛→ competitor n .竞赛者;比赛者;竞争者 3. ____ v .选举;推选→ _______ n .选举;推选→ elector n .选举人 4. suit v .合适;适合→ _______ adj . 合适的;适宜的;适当的 5. attract v .吸引→ ________ adj . 有吸引力的→ attraction n .吸引力;吸引 6. activity n .活动→ ______ adj . 积极地;活跃的→ _______ adv . 活跃地;活泼地; 积极地→ action n .行为;行动;作用;影响 7. ______ n .能力;本领;技能→ ____ adj . 能;能干的→ ably adv . 能干地;巧妙地 8. tradition n .传统→ __________ adj . 传统的 9. decoration n .装饰物→ _________v .装饰;装潢;装修 Ⅱ . 短语检测 1.回顾;回忆 2.课外活动 3.玩得开心 4.参加学校旅游 5.就我而言 6.被看作;被认为是……

7.赶快开始;赶快行动 8.完成;结束 9.这取决于你 10.在…… 和你观点相同 look back at afterschool activities have fun be on a school trip as far as I’m concerned be considered as get going/moving be through/be finished it’s up to you be with you on … Ⅲ . 佳句再现 1. _____________________ that in a few days’ time I’ll be walking out of the school gates forever. 想想过几天我就要永远走出校门了,似乎有一种别样的感觉。 2. ___________________________ , students show their special talents, their ability to lead, and their ability to get on with others. 通过参加这些活动,学生们展示自己的特殊才能、领导能力和与他人相处的能力。 3. ____________________ is an opportunity ____________ many different kinds of outdoor activities, for example, horse riding and water skiing. 这些营地所提供的就是参加诸如骑马、划水这样的各种各样的户外活动机会。 4. Every day I ___________ my mailbox, _____________ my mummy’s airmail letter. 每天我都去查看邮箱,盼望着妈妈的航空来信。 Ⅳ . 词汇学习 1settle v . 调停,解决;决定,确定;安排好;定居,停留;舒适地坐下;平静下来

外研版高中英语选修7module1课文翻译reading practice and cultural corner

篮球是最安全的体育运动之一。不像摔跤和拳击,通常它是没有危险的。原因之一是球员的力量部分是向上的,与地面形成90度的直角,而且在其他人的头上方.所以两个球员之间有较小的碰撞的危险。 在其他的运动中,比如棒球和美式足球，球员的力量和地面是平行的,并且朝着他们的对手,所以他们带着头盔给他们的头部以充分的保护。 但是尽管篮球运动员穿着特殊设计的用于跳跃时缓冲能量的短袜和胶底运动鞋,他们没有其他的庇护,只有一条背心和短裤。如果他们的能量突然有一个方向上的转变,从垂直到水平,比如当他们运球加速穿越球场时,造成身体伤害的危险性会很大。 例如,在肯特州立高中学校篮球联赛中,查的勒高中和圣玛丽中心学校比赛,中场休息时比分是50：52. 但是圣玛丽中心学校任命了一位非典型性球员当队长。其他每个人又高又瘦,留着短头发,但乔·约翰逊又矮又胖,留着长发,还挺着大肚子。可是他确实速度很快,当他得到球的控制权时,他能围着球场跑一圈,且在数秒内达到对方的范围。 然而,下半场进行到12分钟时,查的勒队的明星球员弗兰克·赛克勒越过乔的头做了一个有争议的传球。乔闪到一边,头低了下去。赛克勒跳过他,做了一个犯规的动作。裁判中断了比赛，球赛 暂停。但是乔并没有受伤,取消处罚, 比分是88：90.比赛只剩下三分钟了。 乔立即抓住球,快跑…突然他80千克的体重撞到了查的勒的明星队员,他疼得大叫起来,摔倒在地上,他的鼻子流着血,左脸颊上有道伤口。一时间，他躺在地上一动不动，裁判甚至检查了他的脉搏,不过很快确定他没事。但是当赛克勒站起来时他感到头晕目眩,因此他们用绷带缠住他的头,用毯子裹住他的双肩,然后叫了辆救护车把他送往医院。乔是体谅他人的人，当赛克勒离开时,他不停的道歉,抽泣着，或许是因为疼痛,或许是因为失意。 查的勒因为处罚而得分,他们靠团队配合赢得了这场比赛。但是弗兰克·赛德勒脸上仍有伤痕，作为对这次联赛的纪念。 篮球是最安全的体育运动之一。不像摔跤和拳击,通常它是没有危险的。原因之一是球员的力量部分是向上的,与地面形成90度的直角,而且在其他人的头上方.所以两个球员之间有较小的碰撞的危险。 在其他的运动中,比如棒球和美式足球，球员的力量和地面是平行的,并且朝着他们的对手,所以他们带着头盔给他们的头部以充分的保护。 但是尽管篮球运动员穿着特殊设计的用于跳跃时缓冲能量的短袜和胶底运动鞋,他们没有其他的庇护,只有一条背心和短裤。如果他们的能量突然有一个方向上的转变,从垂直到水平,比如当他们运球加速穿越球场时,造成身体伤害的危险性会很大。 例如,在肯特州立高中学校篮球联赛中,查的勒高中和圣玛丽中心学校比赛,中场休息时比分是50：52. 但是圣玛丽中心学校任命了一位非典型性球员当队长。其他每个人又高又瘦,留着短头发,但乔·约翰逊又矮又胖,留着长发,还挺着大肚子。可是他确实速度很快,当他得到球的控制权时,他能围着球场跑一圈,且在数秒内达到对方的范围。 然而,下半场进行到12分钟时,查的勒队的明星球员弗兰克·赛克勒越过乔的头做了一个有争议的传球。乔闪到一边,头低了下去。赛克勒跳过他,做了一个犯规的动作。裁判中断了比赛，球赛 暂停。但是乔并没有受伤,取消处罚, 比分是88：90.比赛只剩下三分钟了。 乔立即抓住球,快跑…突然他80千克的体重撞到了查的勒的明星队员,他疼得大叫起来,摔倒在地上,他的鼻子流着血,左脸颊上有道伤口。一时间，他躺在地上一动不动，裁判甚至检查了他的脉搏,不过很快确定他没事。但是当赛克勒站起来时他感到头晕目眩,因此他们用绷带缠住他的头,用毯子裹住他的双肩,然后叫了辆救护车把他送往医院。乔是体谅他人的人，当赛克勒离开时,他不停的道歉,抽泣着，或许是因为疼痛,或许是因为失意。 查的勒因为处罚而得分,他们靠团队配合赢得了这场比赛。但是弗兰克·赛德勒脸上仍有伤痕，作为对这次联赛的纪念。

外研版高中英语选修七Module1(精)

选修七 Module 1导学案 1. defend v.保护,保卫,防守,辩护 归纳拓展 (1defend sb./sth.from(against. .. 保护某人 (物免遭…… defend oneself自卫 (2defence n .保护;防御;防御物 in defence of为了保卫;辩护 come to sb.'s defence 帮助 (保护某人 (3defender n .后卫,防守队员;保护人 例句:All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练,能够对付持刀袭击。 We need some lawyers to defend us. 我们需要几名律师为我们辩护。 Several people witnessed the attack, but no one came to her defence. 有好几个人目睹了这次袭击事件,但是没人站出来帮助她。 【链接训练】 It's our duty to ________ our country when it is attacked by the enemy. A . guard B . protect C . prevent D . defend

【解析】考查近义词辨析。句意为:当国家受到敌人袭击时,保卫我们的国家是我们的义务。guard“ 把守,守卫” ,强调看守或戒备; protect “保护” ,强调提供某种障碍物以免受损害; prevent “阻止” ,强调阻止某事发生; defend “保卫;防御” ,强调用武力或其他手段抵御来自外界的危险或攻击,只有 D 项符合句意。 【答案】 D 2. attend vt.&vi.上 (学 ;参加,出席;照顾,护理 归纳拓展 (1attend school/class/lecture/church上学 /上课 /听报告 /去教堂 attend a wedding/funeral参加婚礼 /葬礼 attend a meeting参加会议 注意:attend school/church中, school , church 前通常不用冠词。 (2attend on/upon sb.伺候某人,照顾某人 attend to处理;注意倾听,专心于;照料 (3attendant n .服务员;侍者 attendance n .出席;到场;参加 例句:Please attend a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午请参加一个会议。 Three nurses attended on/upon the wounded soldier. 三名护士照顾这位受伤的士兵。

外研版高中英语选修7词汇

1.选修七star n.星,恒星;明星vi.担任主演 2.forward ad.向前;将来vt.转寄;转发;寄 3.defend vt.防守;保卫 4.guard n.警戒;警卫vi./vt.守卫;看守 5.referee n.仲裁人;裁判员 6.hoop n.(桶之)箍, 铁环 7.court n.法庭;法院 8.association n.协会 9.league n.联盟;社团 10.*top class a.顶级的,头等的,一流的 11.talented a.有才能的,有天份的 12.professional n.专业人员a.职业的 13.*complicated a.复杂的,难懂的 14.hold vt.拿,握住;举行,进行 15.*consecutive a.连续的，不间断的 16.title n.标题;题目;头衔 17.centre n.中心,中央 18.scorer n.得分选手;记分员 19.valued a.有价值的 20.attend vt.照料,服侍;出席,参加 21.average a.平均的;普通的n.平均数 22.per prep.每;一 23.motivation n.动力;（做事的）动机 24.tie vt.系;拴住;绑住n.联系;领带 25.steak n.肉片;牛排 26.alongside ad./prep.横靠着;沿着;傍着 27.awesome a.引起敬畏的,可怕的 28.shipyard n.造船厂;船坞 29.various a.各种各样的,不同的 30.entire a.整个的;全部的 31.immediate a.立即的;直接的,紧接的 32.deserve vt. 应受;值得 33.outstanding a.突出的,显著的,优秀的 34.generation n.代,一代 35.popularity n.普及,流行,声望 36.live vi.活着;生存;居住 37.*commentary n.解说 38.half n.半个a.不完全的 39.overtime n.超时,加班ad.加班地 40.coach n.教练;马车;长途车41.*commentator n.解说员 42.rely vt.信任;依赖,依靠 43.*stamina n.持久力;耐力;毅力 44.quarter n.四分之一;一刻钟;季度 45.selfish a.自私的 46.nature n.自然;性质;种类 47.instant n.瞬时,时刻a.紧迫的;速食的 48.hit v.打,击中n.轰动一时的人物或作品 49.nationwide a.全国性的 50.*dominate v.支配;控制;占统治地位 51.wrestling n.摔跤（运动） 52.boxing n.拳击(运动) 53.upwards ad.向上,往上a.向上的 54.angle n.角;角度 55.collision n.碰撞,冲突 56.parallel n.平行线,纬线，平行面;a.平行的 57.adequate a.适当的,合乎需要的，足够的 58.sock n.短袜 59.sneaker n.(复)胶底运动鞋(美) 60.absorb vt.吸收;吸取;吸引 61.bound n.跳,跃,限制,边界;被绑的；有义务的 62.vest n.汗衫;背心 63.abrupt a.突然的;粗鲁无礼的 64.*horizontal a.水平的，与地平线平行的 65.accelerate vt./vi.加速,促进 66.bounce vi./vt.弹起;使弹起 67.tournament n.比赛;锦标赛 68.interval n.间歇,间隔 69.appoint vt.约定,指定;任命 70.typical a.典型的;象征性的 71.slim a.苗条的,纤细的v.使苗条,减肥 72.stout a.矮胖的; 坚固的 73.belly n.肚子;胃 74.obtain vt.获得;得到 75.circuit n.电路;一圈,环形路线，巡回赛 76.boundary n.边界,分界线 77.controversial a.争论的,引起争论的 78.aside ad.在旁边 79.dip vt.浸;蘸;把...放入又取出 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f8559285.html,mit vt.犯(错误),干(坏事) 81.*foul a.肮脏的,讨厌的v.弄脏,犯规 82.suspension n.吊;悬浮;延迟;暂停 83.*penalty n.处罚,惩罚,处分 84.howl vi.嚎叫,咆哮;吼叫 85.bleed vi.出血;流血 86.cheek n.面颊,脸蛋 87.pulse n.脉搏,搏动 88.*confirm vt.确认,批准;使巩固 89.dizzy a.晕眩的;昏乱的;使人晕眩的 90.bandage n.绷带 91.blanket n.毛毯;毯子 92.ambulance n.救护车 93.considerate a.体贴的 94.apologise vi.道歉 95.sniff vt./vi.用鼻子吸气;闻到 96.weep vi.哭泣,流泪 97.*frustration n.挫折，失望，失意 98.teamwork n.集体合作,互相配合 99.scar n.伤痕;疤痕;创伤 100.o val n.椭圆a.椭圆形的 101.gymnasium n.体育馆,健身房 102.pole n.极(点);杆;电线杆 103.basis n.基础,根据 104.version n.译本;版本;说法 105.*highlight vt.使突出n.最重要的部分 106.chart n.图表vt.制图 107.*prom n.高中生的正式舞会 108.*peer n.同等的人,同辈vi.仔细看 109.*mediator n.调解员，斡旋者 110.forever ad.永远 111.settle vt./vi.安家;停留;解决 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f8559285.html,petitive a.有竞争力的 113.elect vt.(投票)选举 114.suit n.一套(衣服),套装vt.适合 115.rent vt.租借,出租n.租金;租用费 116.enormous a.巨大的,庞大的 117.slogan n.口号,标语 118.attract vt.吸引;招引 119.photography n.摄影,摄影术 120.*keen a.热心的;渴望的;敏锐的 121.issue n.问题,议题vt./vi.发行,发布 122.develop vt.发展;发育;开发;洗(照片) 123.activity n.活动;行为 124.ability n.能力;才能 125.outdoor a.户/室外的 126.tradition n.传统,风俗 127.boarding a.上飞机（或船）的n.大木板 128.*nursery n.托儿所;苗圃 129.recite vt./vi.背诵;详述,列举 130.alphabet n.字母表,字母 131.institution n.机构;制度;风俗 132.sew vt.缝;缝制;缝纫 133.woollen a.羊毛制的,毛线的 134.suitcase n.小提箱;衣箱 135.luggage n.行李 136.innocent a,无罪的;无辜的，天真的,无知的 137.pillow n.枕头 138.quilt n.被子 139.*worn a.用旧的 140.armchair n.扶手椅 141.shabby a.破旧的;褴褛的;卑鄙的 142.cushion n.垫子 143.kettle n.(烧水用的)水壶 144.decoration n.装饰品;修饰;奖章 145.curtain n.窗帘 146.washroom n.洗手间 147.basin n.盆,水盆,脸盆;盆地 148.bathtub n.浴缸,澡盆 149.sob vt./vi.哭诉,哭泣n.呜咽之声 150.arithmetic n.算术 151.multiply vt.乘;使相乘 152.algebra n.代数学 153.geometry n.几何学 154.concept n.观念,概念 155.cubic a.立方体的;立方体的 156.acre n.英亩 157.gram n.克(重量单位,千分之一公斤) 158.dynamic a.有活力的，精力充沛的 159.bachelor n.单身汉;文理学士 160.botanical a.植物;植物学