中国矿业大学考博英语必备语法知识点

中国矿业大学考博英语必备语法知识点

1.With irrigation came surplus food，which meant that large numbers of people were freed trom the land to pursue nonagrarian specialities—technological development，scholarship for its sake——and war。

随着有了灌溉，粮食就有了剩余，这就意味着大批人就可解脱出来从事农业以外的工作一发展工艺，研究其学问——甚至参加战争。 (with...“随着”，引导的短语作状语。

With the approach of sunset it became chilly，come surplus food 是倒装语序，food是主语，came是谓语。which引导特种定语从句，指上句话。不定式to pursue..。war有结果状语的意味。).

2.First of all， Kepler found that each planet goes around the sun in a curve called an ellipse，with the sun at a focus of the ellipse.

开普勒首先发现了每个行星都以椭圆曲线绕太阳运行，太阳则位于椭圆的焦点。(with the sun at，..为介词复合结构作状语，补充说明。).

3.It should be noted that a rocket does not depend on the atmosphere for its propulsion，but would actually perform better in the absence of an atmosphere becauseOf lessened air resistance.

应该注意，火箭的推力与大气无关，在没有大气的情况下，由于空气阻力减小，火箭实际上会运行得更好。(in the absence of anatmosphere含有虚拟条件的意味。).

（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537)

4.Electrical power is always carried over long distances as a high-tension current at low-currentstrength.It is also sent as an alternating current，for such current is comparatively easily transformed eitherup ordown in voltage.

电力总是以高电压低电流的方式进行远距离输送的，又是以交流电的形式送电的，因为这种交流电易于升压或降压。(两个as构成的介词短语都用作方式方法状语，分别说明iscarried和issent。).

5.When one considers the immense change in the size and reliability of computers and all other electronic devices that has taken place，it is clean that computers for doing this type of control of movement according to sense impression will certainly be available.

当我们考虑到计算机和其他所有电子器件在尺寸和可*性方面所发生的极大变化时，就不难明白，根据感觉进行这类活动控制的计算机一定会出现。(for...movement是computers的定语，介词短语according to sense

impression作状语，说明动名词doing。).

6。In l664 the great English diarist，John Evelyn，published，with the approval of the Royal Society of London，a book Sylva or a Discourse of Forest Trees in which one sees，perhaps for the first time，a realization that trees，then so important in the construction of ships，were indeed becoming sadly depleted and that something urgently needed to be done by way of deliberate planting to ensure enough for the future.

1664.年，英国伟大的日记作家J·Evelyn，经伦敦皇家学会批准出版了一部森林志，即《林木论》。在这本著作中，人们可以说是第一次了解到一个现实：当时，在造船业中如此重要的树木的确正在悲惨地遭到浩劫;必须采取紧急措施，通过认真植树以便确保未来有足够的树木。(with...London介词短语作条件状语修饰published，其宾语是a book。在which定语从句中，one泛指人们。a realization是谓语sees的宾语。so important in...ship是非限定性定语，用来修饰trees。句中两个that 均引导同位语从句用来揭示realization的概念内涵。).

7.As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetized，more and more of its magnetic domains line up，with their north poles a11 pointing inone direction and their south poles in the opposite direction.

随着材料的磁性变强，材料中越来越多的磁畴便会排列起来，其N极均指向一个方向， 而S极则指向相反的方向。 (介词复合结构with.一用来对主句中的谓语lineup进行补充说明。).

8.Since the earth is slightly flattened at its poles，the distance of its surface at the north pole or south pole from its center is less than that at the equator.

由于地球的两极略为扁平，所以南北两极地表面离地心的距离比赤道地表面离地心的距离要近一些。(distancefrom..，“离……的距离”。that 代替distance。).

9.Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy，particularly since those areas most in need of water lie rather close to the equator and have a relatively clear atmosphere.

太阳能似乎比任何其他能源更有希望，尤其是因为这些迫切需要水的地区离赤道很近，那里有较清洁的大气。(lie和have是两个谓语，主语是those areas。most in need of water为介词短语作定语修饰areas。).

10.For a very long time man has been seeking the possibility of

combining various metals into alloys with a view to obtaining better materials for given purposes.

长期以来，人们一直在寻找把各种金属熔成合金的可能性，其目的在于为某些用途获得更好的材料。(with。viewto..，“以……为目的”，“为……起见”，是短语介词，引出的介词短语起目的状语作用。) .

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

考博英语语法之过去分词与形容词的差别

考博英语语法总结 过去分词与形容词的语义差： 1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things the destructive power of modern weapons Damaged：being in a bad state emotionally damaged children 2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Respectful：feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence. 3. Preferred ：Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Preferential：Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 5.Loving：She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. Lovable： a sweet lovable child Lovely：We had a lovely holiday. 6. Tolerated：While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.

中国矿业大学考博英语真题2015年

中国矿业大学考博英语真题2015年 Part ⅠReading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions or statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. Passage One The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking" means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge

天津大学考博英语题型分析

2015天津大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、天津大学考博英语题型 Part1:听力理解，一段对话，10小题，10分； Part2：选词填空，15个词汇中选10个，10分； Part3：阅读理解40分 A：3篇（每篇600词左右），15题30分； B：1篇，5段空白，从7~8段文字中选择5段合适的段落，5题10分；Part4：翻译，600词左右的英语篇章（内容偏重科技），然后将有下划线的6-8个部分翻译成汉语，20分； Part5：写作，要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或表格等，写出一篇说明或议论型短文；或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。不少于200词，共20分。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导

师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。 总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。 初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。 五、听力答题技巧 1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。电话：四零零六六八六九七八。扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。 2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑的混乱。 3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。人的大脑有时候会混淆的。因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。 (1)提炼选项中的重要信息 考生务必先看选项。当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。 (2)掌握节奏合理安排时间 可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。

考博英语词汇语法练习题(附答案详解)

考博英语词汇语法题考前恶补、 全真模拟试题 1. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course. A. he was knowing B. he is knowing C. having a knowledge of D. knows 2. You ______th at letter to James. However, you didn’t. A. ought to write B. ought to have written C. should write D. should be writing 3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room. A. to escape B. to have escaped C. to escaping D. to be escaping 4. Bread and butter ______liked by Westerners. A. is B. are C. were D. be 5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______very pleasant to sit on in summer. A. which is B. which it is C. it is D. where it is 6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful. A. in B. of C. on D. by 7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______last night. A. must study B. should have studied C. must have studied D. is sure to study 8. Frank almost never received any education, ______? A. would he B. did he C. didn’t he D. wouldn’t he 9. Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______too late to do anything. A. will arrive...is B. should arrive...were C. arrives...will be D. arrives...would be 10. We can hear ______from the back of the room. A. just as good B. just as easy C. just as well D. easily as well 11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______of paint on a clean surface. A. coats B. levels C. times D. courses 12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow for more than one month. A. cut back B. cut out C. cut off D. cut away 13. Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking. A. fined B. charged C. punished D. posed 14. Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves. A. technique B. technology C. tactics D. tendency 15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______ when she was trying to go to sleep. A. sounding B. ringing C. ticking D. humming 16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid. A. intensive B. weighty C. intense D. bulky 17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living. A. maximum B. minority C. majority D. minimum 18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______. They seemed to be a happy couple. A. split up B. broken down C. fallen through D. knocked out

中国矿业大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析与指导

中国矿业大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析与指导 Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?I am going to suggest that it is not true.Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected American.But they have done more than that.They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual.It is they,not American,who have become anti-intellectual. First,the object of our study pleads for definition.What is an intellectual?(46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems.He explores such problem consciously,articulately,and frankly,first by asking factual questions,then by asking moral questions,finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.(47)His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals----the average scientist for one.48)I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings,

北京科技大学考博英语必备语法知识点

北京科技大学考博英语必备语法知识点英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有一些(如下文中 的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12)等，见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在 于：英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常用的 英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下： 倍数增加 (一)A is n times as great(long，much，…)as B.(①). A is n times greater(longer，more，…)than B.(②). A is n times the size(length，amount，…)of B.(③). 以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度，数量，……)是B的n倍[或A比B 大(长，多，……)n-1倍]. Eg.This book is three times as long as(three times longer than， threetimes the length of)that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than(as，of)B常被省去。 (二)increase to n times(④). increase n times/n-fold(⑤). increase by n times(⑥). increase by a factor of n(⑦). 以上四式均应译为：增加到n倍(或：增加n-1倍)。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Eg.The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。 Eg.The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times

考博英语语法重点总结(7)

考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（7） 虚拟语气归纳和练习 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为： would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转

中国矿业大学北京2011年考博英语真题

中国矿业（北京）2011年博士入学考试题 考试科目：英语 Part One Cloze (15 points) Directions: Fill each of the blanks in the passage with one suitable word. One word that you might have learned when you were studying about sound is frequency. Frequency means 1 fast the sound wave vibrates. Faster vibrations produce 2 pitched sounds. The notes in a musical scale indicate the 3 or frequency of the sound. 4 word that can describe a sound is intensity. Intensity 5 to the amount of energy in a sound wave, and it 6 a sound’s loudness. Printed music will often include notes about how loud or 7 to play each section of the music. Timbre is another 8 used to describe musical sounds. It describes how the same note will have 9 sounds when played 10 different instruments. For example the same note may sound soft and pretty when played on a flute, 11 strong and brassy when played on a trumpet. The timbre of a note comes from both the actual note 12 is played 13 also its overtones, 14 are other higher and lower sounds that are produced 15 the same time. Part Two Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: In this part there are five passages, each followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one. Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the following passage. The last of the dinosaurs lived during a time called the Cretaceous period. This time period lasted from about 135 million to 65.5 million years ago. Some sources give the years of 146,145, or 144 million to 65 million years ago. In the Cretaceous period, the middle of North America was covered by a shallow sea. The Atlantic Ocean began opening up between Europe and North America as those continents rifted. Other continents that had begun pulling away from each other in the Jurassic continued drifting apart. India was an island by itself. Evergreen trees, mosses, and ferns had been the main types of plants, but now in the Cretaceous, flowering plants appeared. Bees did, too. Hardwood trees like oaks and maples first appeared in the fossil record.

考博英语复习全攻略

华慧考博：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/472220054.html, 考博复习|2018考博要怎么复习？华慧考博复习技巧攻略 1、考博英语题型由于考博英语试题由各招生单位自己独立命题，所以不同院校的考博英语试题题型风格不尽相同。就题型而言，一般都含有词汇结构、完形填空、阅读理解、汉英互译、作文题。很多院校初试不再考听力，而在复试通过口语形式考查。但有些院校仍在初试考查听力，甚至很重视听力分数。有些学校还有改错题，应用文，甚至其他题型。少数院校不考作文，但翻译比较长。很多院校主观题的分数所占比重都较高，占1/3甚至1/2比重。 2、难度考博英语重视考查翻译、写作等与攻读博士学位相关的应用能力，所以其难度不能简单与其他考试比较。但一般来说，考博英语试题的难度约相当于大学英语六级，但少数院校比六级难，有些院校甚至只相当于四级水平，甚至同一院校不同年份的难易程度也迥异。这是由于考博英语试题的命制没有其他英语水平考试、选拔考试规范，往往因出题人不同而有区别。所以，报考相应院校的考生一定要看一看该院校近年的考博英语真题。 3、词汇保守估计，考博英语需要掌握7000~8000单词，900常用动词短语。当然，一般掌握了六级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇，通过考博英语也没有多大问题，只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。长期关注和研究考博英语试题，反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。事实上，背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意义的，考博英语考查的重点不是考生掌握了多少词汇，而如上文所述，是阅读、翻译、写作能力。所以，词汇够用即可，建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇，然后略加拓展，如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。有些院校公布了词汇表或参考词汇表，但实际出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。英语说到底还是个水平问题。 4、语法大部分院校考博英语试题都不直接考查语法，但语法有必要全面复习一下。这也不怎么花费时间。 5、阅读可以做一做对应院校的考题，也可做一做考研阅读真题、大学英语六级真题，有些院校考博英语试题选自考研真题原题、六级真题原题 6、翻译英译汉相对来说比较好做，但不好得分。相反，汉译英虽然看起来难，但往往容易得分。所以应该多准备。 7、作文一般都是命题作文，即给定题目写一篇200~250词的议论文。作文应当认真准备。这是容易得分也容易失分的项目。 华慧考博：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/472220054.html,

考博英语语法重点总结(3)

考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（3） 过去分词与形容词的语义差： 1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things the destructive power of modern weapons Damaged: being in a bad state emotionally damaged children 2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. Respectful: feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence. 3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. 5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. Lovable: a sweet lovable child Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. 6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. 虚拟语气 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

上海交通大学考博英语题型分析

2015上海交通大学考博英语分析 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、上海交通大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇15分，30小题。 Part2:完形填空10分，20小题。 Part3:阅读理解50分，25小题。 Part4:翻译10分，（英译汉300字的短文；汉译英300字短文）。 Part5:写作15分，200字左右。与学术有关的作文。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。

中国矿业大学考博英语真题2012年

中国矿业大学考博英语真题2012年 Part ⅠReading Comprehension Passage One A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn't hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together-honesty, kindness, and so on—accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law—and ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people's behaviour are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintaining discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: "In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done!" Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restrains are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it's the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn't teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn't provide a stable home. I don't believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in