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定语从句的浅谈

高考中语法的考点已经越来越来淡化，但定语从句的知识点还是要具备，因为在我们的阅读理解中，定语从句出现的频率还是很高，有时对知识点的理解的偏差会使你对文章的理解发生错误。在这我对定语从句中的限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句中的混淆点做一个浅谈。一．意义的理解区别

请看下面的例句

限制性定语从句All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。

非限制性定语从句All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。

从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。）如果与主句关系密切，不用逗号。译为汉语时，从句放在先行词前，并且用“的”连接。如果与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开。在意义上两者有明显的区别。

二．As和which 的区别用法

下面两个例句：

a). This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。

b) . He didn’t pass the English exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom英语考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。

这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处： 1．在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

2．在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which。如句2 。

再如：

a) ．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

b)．The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as）

3. 另外还有一些短语搭配中只能用as,而不能用which.例如：在such…as…、the same…as…、as…、as many…/much as…等结构中

1.Such books as this are too easy for beginners.

=Books such as this are too easy for beginners.

=Books like this are too easy for beginners.

2.I live in the same city as he (does).

3. He knows as many people as are present at the wedding.

4. That day we all went out early as usual.

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