应用型大学英语第四册unit2 参考译文

Text: A white heron 白鹭

1 The forest was full of shadows as a little girl hurried through it one summer evening in June. It was already eight o’clock and Sylvia wondered if her grandmother would be angry with her for being so late.

2 Every evening Sylvia left her grandmother’s house at five thirty to bring their cow home. It was Sylvia’s job to bring the animal home to be milked. When the cow heard Sylvia’s voice calling her, she would hide among the bushes.

1 六月的一个黄昏，森林里树影婆娑，一个小女孩正在其中匆匆穿行。已经是晚上八点了，西尔维娅想，这么晚回家，外婆会不会生气呢？

2 每天傍晚五点半，西尔维娅就离开外婆家去把母牛牵回家。她的活就是把这头牲口赶回家挤奶。母牛听到西尔维娅叫她的声音时，老是躲到灌木丛中去。

3 This evening it had taken Sylvia longer than usual to find her cow. The child hurried the cow through the dark forest, toward her grandmother’s home. As the cow stopped at a small stream to drink, Sylvia put her bare feet in the cold, fresh water of the stream.

4 She had never before been alone in the forest as late as this. Sylvia felt as if she were a part of the gray shadows and the silver leaves that moved in the evening breeze.

3 这天晚上，西尔维娅花了比平时更长的时间才找到母牛。小女孩赶着牛，匆匆穿过阴暗的树林，向外婆家走去。母牛在一条小溪边停下来饮水时，西尔维娅就把她的光脚浸在冰凉清澈的溪水中。

4 她以前从未这么晚还独自一人呆在林子里。西尔维娅觉得自己仿佛与灰暗的树影和在晚风中摇曳的银色树叶融为一体了。

5 It was only a year ago that she came to her grandmother’s farm. Before that, she had lived with her mother and father in a dirty, crowded factory town. One day, Sylvia’s grandmother had visited them and had chosen Sylvia from all her brothers and sisters to come help her on her farm in Vermont.

5 她是一年前才来到外婆的农场。之前，她和父母住在一个肮脏拥挤的工业小镇。一天，西尔维娅的外婆来看望他们，在西尔维娅所有的兄弟姐妹中挑中了她，把她带回佛蒙特州的农场做帮手。

6 The cow finished drinking, and as the nine-year-old child hurried through the forest, the air was suddenly cut by a sharp whistle not far away. Sylvia knew it wasn’t a friendly bird’s whistle. She forgot the cow and hid in some bushes. But she was too late.

7 “Hello, little girl,”a young man called out cheerfully. “How far is it to the main road?”Sylvia was trembling as she whispered “two miles”. She came out of the bushes and looked up into the face of a tall young man carrying a gun.

6 母牛喝完水后，这个九岁的小女孩继续在林中匆匆前行。突然，不远处传来一声尖锐的口哨声，打破了林中的宁静。西尔维娅知道，这不是鸟儿亲切的啼鸣。于是她不顾母牛，躲进了一丛灌木，但是已经太晚了。

7 “嗨，小姑娘，这儿离大路有多远啊？”一个年轻人高兴地喊道。西尔维娅浑身颤抖，低声嗫嚅道：“两英里。”她从灌木丛中钻出来，抬头看到一个高高的小伙子，手里拿着一杆枪。

8 The stranger began walking with Sylvia as she followed her cow through the forest. “I’ve been hunting for birds,”he explained, “but I’ve lost my way. Do you think I can spend the night at your house?”Sylvia didn’t answer. She was glad she could see her grandmother standing near the door of the farm house.

8 西尔维娅继续赶着母牛穿过森林，陌生人跟着她走。“我是来寻找鸟的，”他解释道，“但

我迷了路，我能不能在你们家住一宿？”西尔维娅没有回答。她很高兴看到外婆正站在农舍门口等她。

9 When they reached her, the stranger explained his problem to Sylvia’s smiling grandmother.

10 “Of course you can stay with us,”she said. “We don’t have much, but you’re welcome to share what we have. Now Sylvia, get a plate for the gentleman!”

9 他们走上前去，陌生人向西尔维娅的外婆说明了他的困境，外婆一脸笑意。

10“您当然可以住在这里。”她说道，“我们不怎么富裕，但还是欢迎您和我们分享一切。好了，西尔维娅，给这位先生拿只盘子。”

11 After eating, they all sat outside. The young man explained he was a bird collector. “Do you put them in a cage?”Sylvia asked. “No,”he answered slowly, “I shoot them and stuff them with special chemicals to preserve them. I have over one hundred different kinds of birds from all over the United States.”

12 “Sylvia knows a lot about birds, too,” her grandmother said proudly. “She knows the forest so well, the wild animals come and eat bread right out of her hands.”

11 晚饭后，三人都坐到屋外。年轻人解释说他是个鸟类收藏家。“您把它们关在笼子里吗？”西尔维娅问道。“不，”他慢慢地回答，“我用枪把它们打下来，然后用一些专门的化学药物把它们制成标本保存起来。我已经有来自美国各地一百多种不同鸟类的标本了。”

12 “西尔维娅对鸟也很熟悉。”外婆自豪地说，“她对这片林子了如指掌，野生动物甚至都会到她身边，吃她手里的面包。”

13 “Maybe she can help me then,”the young man said. “I saw a white heron two days ago. I’ve been looking for it ever since. It’s a very rare bird. Have you seen it, too?”He asked Sylvia. But Sylvia was silent. “You would know it if you saw it,”he said. “It’s a tall, strange bird with soft white feathers and long thin legs. It probably has its nest at the top of a tall tree.”

13 “这样或许她能帮帮我。”年轻人说，“两天前我看见一只白鹭，然后一直在寻找它，这种鸟非常少见。你见过它吗？”他问西尔维娅，但西尔维娅沉默不语。“只要见到它，你就会知道是它。”年轻人说，“这种鸟体型高大，非常奇特，羽毛又白又软，双腿细长。它很可能把巢筑在大树的顶端。”

14 Sylvia’s heart began to beat fast. She had seen that strange white bird on the other side of the forest. The young man was staring at Sylvia. “I would give ten dollars to the person who showed me where it is.”

15 That night Sylvia’s dreams were full of all the wonderful things she and her grandmother could buy for ten dollars.

14 西尔维娅的心开始狂跳，她在森林的另一头见过这只奇特的白鸟。年轻人盯着西尔维娅说：“谁能帮我找到那只鸟，我就付给她十美元。”

15 那天晚上，西尔维娅的梦里尽是她和外婆用这十美元能买到的好东西。

16 Sylvia spent the next day in the forest with the young man. He told her a lot about the birds they saw. Sylvia could not understand why he killed the birds he seemed to like so much. She felt her heart tremble every time he shot an unsuspecting bird as it was singing in the trees.

16 第二天，西尔维娅和年轻人在林子里呆了一整天。他告诉了她许多关于他们看到的鸟的事情。西尔维娅不明白，为什么他看起来这么喜爱这些鸟，但却要把它们杀死。每当他把一只毫无戒心正在唱歌的小鸟从枝头打落时，她的心都颤抖不已。

17 Sylvia would have liked him vastly better without his gun; but as the day waned, Sylvia still watched the young man with loving admiration; the woman’s heart, asleep in the child, was vaguely thrilled by a dream of love. They stopped to listen to a bird’s song; they pressed forward

again eagerly —speaking to each other rarely and in whispers; Sylvia followed the young man, fascinated, a few steps behind, with her gray eyes dark with excitement.

17 要是他手里没有枪，西尔维娅准会更加喜欢他。白日将尽，西尔维娅仍然满怀钦慕之情地注视着这个年轻人，沉睡在这个孩子心底的那颗女性之心被一种爱恋的梦幻轻轻地搅动了。他们时而停住脚步，聆听鸟儿的歌唱；时而拨开树枝向前急行，偶尔耳语几句。西尔维娅落后几步跟在年轻人的后面，心醉神迷，那双灰色的眼睛因兴奋而变得黑亮。

18 Long after the moon came out and the young man had fallen asleep, Sylvia was still awake. She had a plan that would get the ten dollars for her grandmother and make the young man happy. When it was near sunrise, she quietly left her house and hurried through the forest. She finally reached a huge pine tree. Her plan was to climb to the top of the pine tree. She could see the whole forest from there. She was sure she would be able to see where the white heron had hidden its nest.

18 月亮早己爬上树梢，年轻人也进入了梦乡，西尔维娅却无法入睡。她想出了一个主意，既能为外婆拿到十美元，又能让年轻人高兴。拂晓时分，她悄悄离开家，匆匆穿过森林，最后来到一棵大松树前。她打算爬到树顶，在那儿能看到整个森林。她确信在那里能看到白鹭隐蔽着的巢。

19 Sylvia’s bare feet and tiny fingers grabbed the tree’s rough trunk. Sharp dry branches scratched at her like cat’s claws as she climbed higher and higher.

20 When Sylvia had at last reached the tree’s highest branch, the golden sun’s rays hit the green forest. Two hawks flew together in slow-moving circles far below Sylvia. Sylvia felt as if she could go flying among the clouds, too.

19 西尔维娅用赤脚和小手紧紧扒住粗糙的树干，越爬越高，松树尖硬的枝条像猫爪一样抓挠着她。

20 西尔维娅终于攀上了松树最上面的一根枝桠，这时，金色的阳光倾泻而下，映照着整个青翠的森林。两只鹰在西尔维娅脚下很远的地方缓缓盘旋，西尔维娅觉得自己仿佛也能在白云间自由地飞翔。

21 Suddenly Sylvia caught a flash of white that grew larger and larger. A bird with broad white wings and a long slender neck flew past Sylvia and landed on a pine branch below her. The white heron smoothed its feathers and called to its mate, sitting on their nest in a nearby tree. Then it flew away.

21 突然，一道白光映入西尔维娅的眼帘，越来越大。那是一只有着白色大翅膀和细长脖子的鸟，它掠过西尔维娅，停在了她下面的一枝松桠上。这只白鹭理了理羽毛，对停在附近一棵树上的鸟巢里的同伴叫了一声，然后飞走了。

22 Sylvia gave a long sigh. She knew the wild bird’s secret now. Slowly she began her dangerous trip down the ancient pine tree. She did not dare to look down and tried to forget that her fingers hurt and her feet were bleeding. All she wanted to think about was what the stranger would say to her when she told him where to find the heron’s nest.

22 西尔维娅长长地呼了一口气。现在她知道这只野鸟的秘密了。她开始慢慢地从这颗老松树上往下爬，可下去很危险，她都不敢往下看，只能尽量不去想受伤的手指和流血的双脚。她现在只想知道，当她把白鹭的巢在哪儿告诉年轻人的时候，他会对她说些什么。

23 About an hour later Sylvia came back home. Both her grandmother and the young man stood up as she came into the kitchen. The splendid moment to speak about her secret had come, but Sylvia was silent. She remembered how the white heron came flying through the golden air and how they watched the sun rise together from the top of the world. Sylvia could not speak. She

could not tell the heron’s secret and give its life away.

23 大约一小时后，西尔维娅回到了家。当她走进厨房时，外婆和年轻人都站了起来。宣布她秘密的最佳时刻来临了，西尔维娅却陷入了沉默。她想起那只白鹭在金色的天空中翱翔，他们在世界之巅一起观赏日出。西尔维娅不能说。她不能泄露白鹭的秘密，断送它的生命。

24 The young man went away disappointed later that day. He never returned. Many a night Sylvia heard the echo of his whistle haunting the forest. She forgot even her sorrow at the sharp report of his gun and the sight of thrushes and sparrows dropping silent to the ground, their songs hushed and their pretty feathers stained and wet with blood.

25 Were the birds better friends than their hunter might have been? Who can know?

24 那天晚些时候，年轻人失望地离开了，再也没有回来。很多个夜晚，西尔维娅仿佛又听见他的口哨声在树林里回荡。他那尖利的枪声，画眉与麻雀无声的坠落，鸟儿的歌声戛然而止，美丽的羽毛血污模糊……她甚至忘记了看到这一切时的悲伤。

25 鸟儿是比猎手更好的朋友吗？可这又有谁知道呢？

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应用型大学英语第四册课文翻译

应用型大学英语第四册课文翻译

第四册全部的课文汉语翻译，想做好充分预习的可爱又可敬的同学们，或者英语基础薄弱而课堂上没听懂的同学们都会喜欢来看这个*^_^* 上帝显灵 凯茜·弗里 1 罗布·博尔医生正渴望吃上一顿热乎乎的火鸡晚餐和苹果馅饼。这位52岁的内科医生在他的家庭诊所忙碌了整整一个星期，治疗那些患有咽喉疼痛或耳朵感染的病人，这时正准备在他所属教会的年度筹款晚宴上享受一些家常烹饪，并和教友相聚。 2 博尔和家人走进拥挤的圣约翰联合基督教会体育馆，发现很多人排着长队等座。对此他已司空见惯。伊利诺伊州莫克那镇的火鸡宴已成为深受欢迎的活动，成百上千的人从芝加哥周围的郊区赶来参加这项活动。许多人甚至不是这个教会的会员，他们只是听说这里有美食，愿意花上10美元饱餐一顿，同时为教会的新活动中心做点贡献。博尔和妻子达娜还有他们14岁的儿子凯尔每年都来。 3 博尔刚坐下，还没来得及把餐巾在膝盖上放好，就听到房间另一头传来了喧闹声。“快帮帮忙！”一个女人大叫着。“有人知道怎么做海姆利克急救吗？” 4 博尔医生一跃而起，看到一个银发老太太伏在椅子上。“我是医生，出什么事了？”博尔对围在76岁的帕特·罗勒身边的人群问道。 5 “我婆婆被一块火鸡卡住了。”焦急的科琳·罗勒答道，“我们已经试过海姆利克急救了，但没有效果。”博尔从后环抱住帕特，将手放在她的腹部，用拳头使劲往上推，但没有任何动静。他迅速把帕特扶起来，放到地上，让她的姿势更有利于急救。他又用海姆利克急救试了两次，但仍不见效。 6 这太不可思议了，博尔心想。他开始担心自己救不了她。抬起头，他认出了史蒂夫·霍布林，他办公室附近一家医院的护士。“史蒂夫，你把手指伸进她的喉咙，看看能否掏出什么，”他吩咐道。霍布林将手指伸进去，掏出了一小块火鸡。 7 但是帕特仍然没有呼吸。事实上，她的脸色正在迅速变青。显然她的喉咙里还卡着食物。博尔知道，要把空气送入她的肺部，必须采取极端的行动，而且要快。唯一可以做的就是进行紧急气管切开手术。 8 “打911！给我拿把锋利的刀过来！”他大声喊道。他的妻子赶紧跑向厨房，霍布林则把他的小折刀递了过来。 9 博尔以前从未做过这种手术。他回想起唯一一次看过别人做这种手术，还是20年前在医院实习的时候。那次手术是由外科专家在无菌并且可控的环境里进行的。而他自己只是一个家庭医生，怎么能在一个教会晚宴上用一把钝钝的小折刀完成这种手术呢？ 10 当他看到妻子给他找到了一把干净的水果刀才放了心。博尔深吸一口气，小心翼翼地在帕特的颈部切了个小口子。血一下子从伤口涌出来，他出了一身冷汗。但是博尔明白，现在已经不能停止了。两三分钟宝贵的时间已经过去了，没有氧气，她坚持不了多久。博尔推测自己大约只有45秒钟的时间来挽救她的生命。 11 周围的人群屏住呼吸看着他工作，但他丝毫没有感觉到。博尔稳住双手，继续手术。但是水果刀切得不够深。这时，不知哪位男士递给博尔一把弹簧刀。这把刀刀口尖细，锃亮锋利，三英寸的刀片稳固地锁在刀鞘里。博尔很快完成了切割。

新编大学英语4unit2book4听力原文和答案核对版

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Unit 1 Active reading (1) Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa Reading and understanding Dealing with unfamiliar words 3 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed) 2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition) 3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached) 4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming) 5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump) 6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert) 7 to say what happened (recount) 4Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. It isn’t easy to mak e the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents. 5Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes. 1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive) 2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop) 3Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial) 4Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched) 5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate) 6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of month s ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed) 6 Answer the questions about the words. 1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future? 2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve? 3If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual? 4Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say? 5If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing? 7 Answer the questions about the phrases. 1Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?

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Unit 1 A. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. internal ditch fabulous renovate plaster amateur blunder instinct 1. The police _blundered___ badly by arresting the wrong man. 2. The house was severely destroyed, so the couple spent thousands of dollars _renovating__it. 3. The pilot was forced to _ditch___ the jet plane in the Gulf because of the hijacking. 4. Unlike the Satellite, it has no __internal__ battery, though it will accept external batteriesmade for the iPad. 5. The basis for traing relies on the dog ' s natural __instinct__ to hunt. 6. The __plaster___ was beginning to fall from the walls. 7. During each war the monopoly capitalists amassed ___fabulous__ wealth. 8. At college he studied English and did _amateur___ boxing B. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.down to call in beat up wind up trial and error at all costs Don' t _beat___ yousrelf up__ over something that you have no control over. They decided to _call in__ a doctor because the child was not any better. Ultimately, he said, the issue came ___down to __a dispute between the two countries.I always said he would _ wind up __ in jail. Growth is a process of __ trial and error ___ . You can learn as much from failure as youcan from success. Maybe more. The bridge must be repaired within three days __ at all costs __. 这座房子在地震中损毁

浙大出版社 英语答案(第四册)

新编大学英语4（浙大版）课后习题答案共同学们欣赏嘎嘎 编辑 | 删除 | 权限设置 | 更多▼ 更多▲ ?设置置顶 ?推荐日志 ?转为私密日志 转载自W～XなK¤转载于2010年03月15日 11:55 阅读(0) 评论(0) 分类：移花接木权限: 公开 Unit1 1. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer 2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D 3) A tempting B temptation C tempt 4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason 5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis 6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values 7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless 8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement

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包含综合教程4中的一些课文翻译及习题答案 综合教程4课后答案 Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4 Unit 1 Active reading (1) Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa Background information About the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published in September 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and in Britain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to university and therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job became harder in 2008–2009 because the economic downturn – then a recession – meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobs and then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. The article addresses the problems of such new graduates who might

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课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：―我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：―啊哈，你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？‖那位男士回答道：―那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：―这是Wembley (温布利)吗？‖―不，‖第二位绅士说：―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是，‖第三位说道，―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说： ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？‖那位年轻的 学生回答道：―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里， 一位生气的父亲问道：―告诉我，1加2等于几？‖ 儿子说：―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道： ―比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个， 傻瓜？‖儿子得意地回答道：―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实 生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问：―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：―我不猜了。是什 么呀？‖出谜语的人回答：―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red（红色）‖和―read（读）‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES （法语中的―一语双 关‖）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说；―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚，于是补充说：―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然，这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它 还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州） 的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：―关于老虎队的 述评很不错，再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说：―当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励 （文字）的人们。 5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他 们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉 得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。 6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。有人说，他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯 中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信， 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后 传递出去，‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间，就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候，‖他发表自己的看法说，―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么 批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个 取得进步，获得成功！‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―４S‖技巧。 12 １）真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 ２）简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。 14 ３）具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲