四六级分词

分词

1. 分词作定语

1) 分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：

Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)

预定的座位在哪里？

This is a pressing problem. (=This is a problem which is pressing.)

这是一个紧迫的问题。

2) 分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：

The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.

筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。

There are many students waiting (= who are waiting) to get examined.

有许多学生在等待检查。

This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.

本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。

3) 分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如：

The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.

那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。

The newly-built building is our office building.

这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。

4) 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如：

There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.

秋天有许多落叶。

The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.

这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。

常用的这一类词有：fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等。

2. 分词作宾语补足语

1) 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have, get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如：

When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.

当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动）

We want this work finished quickly.

我们要求这项工作很快完成。

2) 在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用 シ执首鞅霾梗 硎颈鲇锸嵌 鞯某惺苷撸 钩陕呒 系亩 龉叵怠＠ 纾?BR> There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.

由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。

When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.

他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。

3. 分词作状语

1) 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如：

Confined to bed (= Because she was confined to bed), she needed to be waited on in everything.

她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语）

Having only book knowledge (= If you only have book knowledge), you will not be able to work well.

如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语）

They stood there [b]waiting for the bus. (=They stood there and waited for the bus.)

他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语）

2) 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较

不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果

状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：

Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.

如果你努力，你会成功的。

[b]Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.

虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。

4. 分词的独立结构

1) 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：

The project finished, they had a two weeks’ leave.

完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。

He being absent, nothing could be done.

由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。

2) 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如：

They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixedon the lake.

他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。

With him helping me, I felt lucky.

有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。

四六级英语作文模板

一、提纲式作文 1．对立观点式 A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？ B．有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？ C．我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。 二、批驳观点式 A．一个错误观点。 B．我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。 There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 三、社会问题（现象）式 A．一个社会问题或者现象。 B．产生的原因 C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D．如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话） E．前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况（或者是一个例子）。

现在分词讲解及训练

现在分词 Form: ?doing ?having done（先后关系） 现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行。 Exercise: 划出句中的现在分词，并指出它在句中做何成分。 1. The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage, waiting. 2. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 3. Having finished his homework, he went out. 4. People living in the cities used to regard farming as boring and backward. 5. The changes in Sunqiao is very amazing. 现在分词做定语： Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences 1. The men are required to come to the headmaster’s office. They had some overseas working experience. 2. The people take part in a variety of exercise They can keep healthy. 3. The research at Sunqiao produces seeds. The seeds help farmers grow better crops. 4. People used to regard farming as boring and backward. These people live in cities. 5.Do you know the boy? He is standing under the tree. 6. The spiders store the mice for later. The mice serve as a source of food. Exercise: compare The swimming pool is clean and big. The swimming boy is his brother. The big writing desk is very expensive. The writing student is Tom’s classmate. 现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果 Exercise: rewrite the sentences 1. Kitty heard the news. She jumped with joy. 2. Tom put on his swim-suit. He dived into the swimming pool. 3. While she was cooking, she burned her right hand. 4. After he had finished his homework, he went out to play football. 以上改写后的三个句子中的现在分词短语做______状语。 现在分词作状语：相当于状语从句，但从句和主句的____语必须一致. 时间状语： 1. Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式） 2. Having read the letter, she got very excited（完成式） 3. ________hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 4. = as soon as _________________________________________. 5. Be careful when crossing the street. 条件状语： 1.If you walk hard, you will succeed. 2. = _______________________________ 伴随方式状语 1. She came _______(run) towards me. 2. The children ran out of the room, __________(laugh) and _______(talk) merrily. 3. ____________(travel) by jeep, we visited a number of cities. 4. ____________(follow) the guide, they started to climb. 5. _____________(follow) by the students, the teacher entered the office. 原因状语 1. Because I was sick, I stayed at home.

分词的相关语法

分词的相关语法（Participle） 大家都知道英文的动词（verb）可不像中文那般单纯。比如说“帮助”一词，虽可做动词，也可做名词用；可是就没有时间性。而英文动词的变化可就多了，它可变成名词、形容词、副词等，而且还有所谓“Tenses”（时态）。比如“help”，就有下列各种时态： Simple Present 现在时态-- help, helps Simple Past过去时态-- helped Simple Future将来时态-- shall help, will help ... Present Continuous 现在进行时态-- be helping Present Perfect现在完成时态-- have helped, has helped... Present Perfect Continuous 现在完成进行时态-- have been helped... Past Continuous 过去进行时态-- was helping... Past Perfect过去完成时态-- had helped... Past Perfect Continuous 过去完成进行时态-- had been helping... Future Continuous 将来进行时态-- shall be helping... Future Perfect将来完成时态-- shall have helped... Future Perfect Continuous 将来完成进行时态-- shall have been helping... Present Participle 现在式分词-- helping Past Participle过去式分词-- helped Perfect Participle 完成式分词-- having helped... 呵呵，单单一个动词就就上面那么多的时态变化，英文真伟大!且慢，上面所举的那个help，看来只有下列几种“变形”而已（你知道吗，英文是一种“变形语”哟！汉语则是“分析语”）：help,helping,helped 别高兴得太早啦，其实有好多动词它的Past和Perfect时态的拼写法就不太相同，如： write: wrote（Past），written（Perfect） sing: sang（Past），sung（Perfect） 而有些动词则“始终如一”，各种时态（除了各类进行式）都是一样的拼写，如：cut，hit，hurt，let，put，read，shut ... 上面所谈都是一些动词的基础知识（要是详细谈起来又是一大篇呢!）。现在言归正传，我们所要谈的是“分词”。基本上分词分为下列两种（第三种的Perfect Participle拼入Past Participle）： 1.现在式分词（Present Participle） 2.过去式分词（Past Participle）

谈谈初中英语中表示情绪感觉的分词形容词

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动名词与分词

现在分词呢，是由动词末尾加-ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ing 形式。V+-ing 千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！ 不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。见图 作主语：动名词 1 Teaching is my full-time job. 2 Writing an English composition is not easy. 3 It’s useless taking this kind of medicine. 作表语 （1）动名词 My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job. （2）现在分词 The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. ≠Interesting was the story he tol d us. 作表语 （1）动名词 My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job. （2）现在分词 The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. ≠Interesting was the story he told us. 作宾语：动名词 I have just finished doing my home work. I suggested asking his brother for some money. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now. 只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep on、look forward to、enjoy、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、can’t help、miss。 作宾语补足语：现在分词 I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest. 能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。 对了，用“三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”。多简单！ 作定语 ⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。 a washing machine ＝a machine for washing a swimming pool ＝a pool for swimming 例：This is a new washing machine. ⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。 a developing country ＝a country which is developing a sleeping boy＝a boy who is sleeping

四六级英语作文句型大全

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高中英语分词作状语精讲

高中英语分词作状语精讲(附作文写作亮点2) 难点形成原因: 1. 对在句中作时间、条件、原因还是别的状语不是很清楚。 2．分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。 解决办法： 1．理解分词作状语时可以转换成相应的状语从句。 2．分清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。 用法讲解： 1.分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。 例如： Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分词短语作时间状语 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. 分词短语作原因状语

Given time (=If he is given time), he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. 分词短语作条件状语 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) 分词短语作伴随状语 2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。 例如： When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. Though tired, he still continued reading. 3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。 不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句，如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。例如： When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （04湖北） 分词部分相当于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主语与

形容词的类别

形容词的类别 A形容词主要有以下几类： （a）指示形容词： this这个that那个 these这些those那些（参见第9节。） （b）个体形容词： each各个every每个（参见第46节。） either（两者之中）任一neither（两者）都不（参见第49节。）（c）数量形容词： some一些any任何no没有（参见第50节。） little很少（不可数）few很少（可数）（参见第5节。） many许多（可数）much许多（不可数）（参见第25节。）one一个twenty 二十（参见第349节。） （d）疑问形容词： which哪一个what什么whose谁的（参见第54节。） （e）所有格形容词： my我的your你的 his他的her她的its它的 our我们的your你们的their他（她，它）们的 （f）性质形容词： clever聪明的dry干的

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