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2012语言学考试试卷

2012语言学考试试卷
2012语言学考试试卷

2011-2012年第二学期《英语语言学》期末考试试卷

适用班级:外B1031-32

班级_____________姓名_______________学号___________

考试说明:

1.本考试方式为网络考试;

2.本考试做题方式为笔试;

3.本考试总分100分,共计六大题型;

4.本考试有各种具体的做题要求,考生必须严格按照要求做题;

5.做完试题后,先把你本人选作的题目发送一份电子试卷给老师,再打印一份做好试题答

案的试卷交给科任老师。

6.没有按照具体要求做题的考生将不会得到分数。

第一部份、选择题(10 points)

【做题要求】从下列试题中选出20个题目,打印时不要改变原有序号。

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (0.5%X20=10%)

1.Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s a re very similar, but they differ in that ____________.

A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view

B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view

C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view

D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view

2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication.

A. unnatural

B. artificial

C. superficial

D. arbitrary

3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________.

A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitte

B. therefore, we needn’t learn the detai ls of our mother tongue

C. but the details of language have to be learnt.

D. and the details are acquired by instinct

4. A(n)________ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.

A. phone

B. allophone

C. phoneme

D. sound

5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked” is a(n) __________ morpheme.

A. derivational

B. inflectional

C. free

D. word-forming

6. WH-movement is __________ in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.

A. obligatory

B. optional

C. selectional

D. arbitrary

7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _____________.

A. Grice

B. Plato

C. Saussure

D. Ogden and Richards

8. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.”

A. is synonymous with

B. is inconsistent with

C. entails

D. presupposes

9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called ____________, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

A. utterance

B. reference

C. predication

D. morpheme

10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________ is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act perfo rmed in saying something.

A. a perlocutionary act

B. a locutionary act

C. a constative act

D. an illocutionary act

11.The word “language” is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person’s language called _________.

A. colloquial language

B. scientific language

C. standard language

D. idiolect

12.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A. bang

B. photo

C. typewriter

D. rumble

13.Which of the following sounds is a diphthong?

A. [ai]

B. [t] C[d] D. [a:]

14.“hot dog” with the first element stressed means________.

A. a dog which is hot

B. a barking dog

C. a kind of food

D. a dead dog

15.There are _________morphemes in the word” frightening”.

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

16. In English, “-ate” and “dis-“ are called _________.

A. Prefixes

B. suffixes

C. infixes

D. affixes

17.The phrase “boys and girls” belongs to the ______ construction.

A. complex

B. coordinate

C. embedded

D. subordinate

18. The illocutionary act of the utterance “ I promise to come.” is a _______.

A. representative

B. expressive

C. declaration

D. commissive

19.Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity ?

A. hot/cold

B. doctor/patient

C. single/married

D. husband /wife

20. Which part of the brain is generally considered to control language and speech.

A. left hemisphere

B. right hemisphere

C. front hemisphere

D. back hemisphere

21.Modern linguistics give priority to speech because _____________.

A. speech sounds are derived from writing systems

B. The spoken form is more basic than the written form

C. Writing precedes speech in English language

D. All the languages today have both spoken and written forms.

22.In the following sounds, _________ is a glottal sound.

A: [h] B. [k] C. [g] D.[n]

23.Of the words listed below, ________ is not an English word.

A. [blik] B [bilk] C. [kilb] D. [skw]

24.In English, the root “tele” means _________.

A. seeing, sight

B. a branch of learning

C. distant, far

D. small in size

25.The situation in which two or more languages are used side by side is referred to as __________.

A. blending

B. Bilingualism

C. clipping

D. pidginization

26.The function of the sentence “ A sunny day, isn’t it” is __________.

A. informative

B. interrogative

C. expressive

D. phatic

27. ___________ are language varieties related to the use in particular speech situation.

A. Education varieties

B. Age varieties

C. Gender

varieties D. Register varieties

28.There ar e _________ morphemes in the word “ disabled”.

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

29.Which of the following two-term sets is relational opposite?

A. old/young

B. alive/dead

C. teacher/pupil

D. hot/cold

30.The words such as “smog”, and “motel” are __________.

A. compound words

B. abbreviated words

C. formed by blending

D. coined by backformation.

31.Which of the following statements is not the concern of sociolinguists?

A.The language a person uses reveals his social background.

B.There exist social norms that determine the type of language to be used ona certain occasion.

C.How does the human mind work when they use language

D.To investigate the social aspects of language.

32. Language is ___________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.

A. systematic

B. culturally transmitted

C. intuitive

D. productive

33. ____________ transcription is really the transcription required and used by thephoneticians in their study of speech sounds.

A. Wide

B. Narrow

C. Broad

D. Detailed

34.The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in ______________ .

A. the pharyngeal cavity

B. the oral cavity

C. the nasal

cavity D. all of the above

35. ___________ studies the internal structure of words and the rules that govern theirformation.

A. Phonology

B. Semantics

C. Syntax

D. Morphology

36.The word “refreshment” contains ___________ morpheme(s).

A. zero

B. one

C. two

D. three

37.The central element in a simple sentence, or in each clause, is the

_____________.

A. subject

B. finite verb

C. object

D. adverbial

38.The syntactic rules of any language are ___________ in number.

A. infinite

B. finite

C. large

D. definite

39. Which pair of antonyms differs from other pairs

A. above, below

B. sell, buy

C. teacher, pupil

D. hot, cold

40. What is the sentential relation between “He likes swimming.” and “He likes sports.”?

A. Presupposition

B. Entailment

C. Contradiction

D. Anomaly

第二部分填空题(20 points)

【做题要求】从下列试题中选出20个题目,打印时不要改变原有序号。

Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%X20=20%)

1. Modern linguistics, i.e. linguistic study carried out from the last century, is mostly d_________.

2. A d___________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.

3.The phonetic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s_____________ features.

4. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i____________.

5. I___________ affixes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, degree and case.

6. D___________ morphology studies word-formation.

7. Linguistic c__________ refers to the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker.

8. S__________ is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.

9. R____________ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

10. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s___________ restrictions, i.e. constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.

11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s_________ study.

12. P_________ is the actual realization of the ideal user’s knowledge in linguistic communication.

13. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human c_______.

14. English speech sounds can be classified into vowels and c__________.

15. The affixes indicating number, tense, degree and case are i________ affixes.

16. S______ can be simply defined as the study of meaning.

17. H_______ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.

18. Selectional r___________ constrain what lexical items can go with others.

19. A l______ act is the act of uttering words, phrases and clauses.

20. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis includes the notion of linguistic d______ and linguistic relativism.

21. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal s________ used for human communication.

22. A linguistic study is p___________ if it tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviour.

23. Generally speaking, we can divide p______ into at least three branches: articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics.

24. The speech sounds can be divided into two broad categories: v_________ and consonants.

25. M___________ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.

26. S___________ is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.

27. Semantics can be simply defined as the study of m______.

28. The term a__________ is used for oppositeness of meaning.

29. A predication usually consists of a________ and predicate.

30. The Cooperative Principle includes four maxims: the maxim of q_______, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.

31. P___________ relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language.

32. A d_________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.

33. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called d___________.

34. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_________ cavity and the nasal cavity.

35. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l_____________.

36. S_____________ features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of meaning.

37. Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length, due to their r_________ properties.

38. H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.

39. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p____________, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.

40. In Sociolinguistics, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech c___________.

第三部分判断题(10 POINTS)

【做题要求】从下列试题中选出20个题目,打印时不要改变原有序号。

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.

(0.5%X20=10%)

( ) 1. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.

( ) 2. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.

( ) 3. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.

( ) 4. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.

( ) 5. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.

( ) 6. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.

( ) 7. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”

( ) 8. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.

( ) 9. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.

( ) 10. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.

( ) 11. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.

( ) 12. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.

( ) 13. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.

( ) 14. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English, unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.

( ) 15. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.

( ) 16. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time we come across a linguistic symbol.

( ) 17. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, “Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.”

( ) 18. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.

( ) 19. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic as standard English.

( ) 20. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.

( )21. Pragmatics is the study of meaning in isolation.

( )22. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken language.

( )23. According to the Swiss linguist Saussure, langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.

( )24. The English sound[m] is a bilabial nasal.

( )25. The phrase “green house” with the first element stressed means “ a house which is green in colour.”

( )26. The morphemes such as “room” and “help” are free morphemes.

( )27. The meanings of compound words generally can not be worked out by looking at the meanings of the constituent words.

( )28. The words of a sentence are only structured in the linear order.

( )29. The word “man” is analyzed as comprising the semantic features of [+human,+adult,+male].

( )30. In general, the right hemisphere of brain controls the right side of the body, the left hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body.

( ) 31. Language is entirely arbitrary.

( ) 32. The description of a language at some point in time is a syntacticstudy.

( ) 33. Articulatory phonetics studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view.

( ) 34. Syntactically, the part of speech of the compound is generally determined by the part of speech of the second element.

( ) 35. Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.

( ) 36. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences.

( ) 37. The two clauses in a complex sentence have equal status.

( ) 38. In a pair of gradable antonyms, the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the other.

( ) 39. All utterances take the form of sentences.

( ) 40. The protolanguage is the original form of a language family thatstill exists.

第四部分名词阐述(5X4’=20 points)

【做题要求】从下列试题中选出5个题目,每题4分。打印时不要改变原有序号。

1. parole:

2. broad transcription:

3. allophones:

4. phrase structure rules:

5. context

6. perlocutionary act

7. predication analysis

8. the conceptualist view

9. inversion rule

10. coordination rule

11.sepuential rules

12.XP rule

第五部分写作(I)

以“春天的故事”为主题,写一篇发生在(公元前2000—公元2800之间)春天里的一个故事。

要求(1):有主题;有情节;有人物;有对话;围绕春天时光;不准写夏天、秋天和冬天。字数不限,风格不限,

要求(2):用纯英文写作,注意语法与修辞。

第六部分写作(2)

以“我的班啊我的班”为题目,写一篇文章。文体不限、风格不限、字数不少于300字。

要求(1):一定要写自己的班级,不可以写其他班级;

要求(2):可以用英语写作,也可以用中文写作,还可以用双语写作;

要求(3):有中心、有观点、有思想或主见;

要求(4):构思缜密、条理清晰、逻辑性强;

要求(5):或赞美或提出意见或抨击或批评或设想;但是不得损人或针对一个人。

语言学概论期末考试试卷2

语言学概论期末考试试卷2 一、填空题(每空1分,共15分) 1、人与人的口头交际过程是非常复杂的,从通信理论的角度可以将之理解为和的过程。 2、符号包含的两个方面是、。 3、到目前为止,语言学家的研究主要有三种不同的角度,分别是着眼于语言的、、。 4、共时语法指的是从某一时期存在的语法现象的角度地、 地研究语法,研究的重点是某一语言在特定范围的语法表现形式和语法规则系统。 5、义素分析的要求一是,二是。 6、文字改革有三种不同的情况:一种是;一种是;还有一种是。 二、单项选择题(每小题1分,共10分) 1、下列国家中不是以单一民族,单一语言为基础建立起来的是() A.瑞士B.法国C.西班牙D.英格兰 2、语言是一种() A.形式和内容相统一的视觉符号系统B.音义结合的听觉符号系统C.用于交际的触觉符号系统D.集视觉、听觉、触觉为一体的符号系统 3、普通语言学从理论上讲是研究() A.个别民族语言的特殊规律B.人类各种语言一般与个别的规律 C.几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律D.汉语普通话的发展规律 4、噪音是() A.振幅固定而有规则的声波B.频率最低、振幅最大的音 C.具有周期性重复的复合波形的音D.不具备整数倍的不规则的音 5、把语法分成词法、句法两个部分,是()提出来的。 A.结构语法学B.形式语法学C.现代语法学D.传统语法学 6、语义的基本特征是() A.概括性B.民族性C.模糊性D.同语言形式的结合 7、词的()是词义的基本的和核心的部分 A.通俗意义B.非通俗意义C.理性意义D.非理性意义 8、“我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中,“光”的语义指向是() A.我B.吃C.盘子里的菜D.盘子 9、日文的假名是典型的() A.辅音文字B.音节文字C.表意文字D.意音文字 10、四川人在公开场合讲普通话,在家里讲四川话,这是一种()

语言学概论题目及答案

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