(完整版)强调句
特殊句式
Section 1 倒装句
句子的正常语序是主语在前，谓语在后。有时为了强调句子的某一成分或其他原因，谓语需要部分或全部移到主语的前面，这种语序就叫作倒装。在英语中，倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。把谓语全部放在主语之前，称为完全倒装。只把助动词、情态动词或连系动词等放到主语之前，称为部分倒装。
一．完全倒装
1. 以here, there 开头的句子，句子的主语是名词，谓语用一般时态时，要用完全倒装。
Eg. Here comes Michael now. 这位就是迈克尔。There goes a very worried man. 走进一个忧心忡忡的男人。
易错点析
①当主语是人称代词时，句子不倒装。Here she comes. 她来了。
②当句子用进行时态时，句子不倒装。I’m coming here. 我正往这儿来。
2.（考频）方位副词out, in, down, up, away, upstairs, downstairs, outside 等位于句首时，用完全倒装。
Eg. Out ran all the workers. 工人们都跑了出来。Away flew the bird. 鸟儿飞走了。
3. （考频）表示地点状语的介词位于句首时，用完全倒装。
Eg, On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters. 远山上有个写着20 英尺见方的汉字指示牌。
From the valley came a frightening sound. 一个吓人的声音从山谷传来。
4. There be 句型也用了完全倒装。在There be 句型中，谓语动词除了be 以外，还有stand, lie, live, go, exist等。
Eg, There lies a beautiful small town at the foot of Mount Li. 在骊山脚下有一座美丽的小城。
二．部分倒装
1.only 位于句首且修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，用部分倒装
Eg. Only very rarely will it attack larger mammals.（修饰副词）只有在极其罕见的情况下，它才攻击比自己大的哺乳动物。
Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.（修饰状语从句）只有人们失去自由时，方知其珍贵。
易错点析
①当only 修饰状语从句时，从句用正常语序，而主句用部分倒装。
②当only 修饰主语时，句子不能倒装。
2.含有否定意义的词，如not, never, seldom, little, barely, in no way 等位于句首时，用部分倒装。
Eg. Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 她从未见过有人打网球像罗伯特那样打得好。
Seldom had he seen such beauty. 他以前很少见过这样的美景。
Little did he know what impact he was going to make.
3.在“not until…”“not only…but also…”“Hardly/Scarcely….when…”“no sooner…than…”等句式中，not until, not only, hardly/scarcely,
no sooner 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
Eg, Not only he came back did we have supper. 直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。
Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, but also they want reduced hours. 护士们不仅要求提高工资，还要求缩短工作时间Hardly had he arrived home when he began to do his homework. 他一到家就开始做作业了。
No sooner had he sat down than the phone rang. 他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。
易错点析
①“not only…but also…”连接并列主语时，句子不倒装。
Eg, Not only you but also he has been to Qingdao. 不仅你去过青岛，而且他也去过。
4.在if 引导虚拟条件句，并且句中的谓语动词为had, were, should, 此时省略if, 将had, were, should提前，句子为部分倒装。Eg, Had Mark invited me, I would have been glad to come. (If Mark had invited me, I would have been glad to come.) Were she not busy in writing a book, she would have gone to the party. (If she were not busy in writing a book, she would have gone to..) Should it rain, the crops would be saved. (If it should rain, the crops would be saved.)要是下雨，庄稼就有救了。
5.（考频）“so/such….that….”引导的结果状语从句中，如果so/such 修饰的部分位于句首时，从句用正常语序，而主句用部分倒装Eg. So absorbed was he in the novel that he did not notice his father at the door. 他沉浸在了小说中，以至于没有注意到父亲在门口。
So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given extra money.
6.(考频) as/although 引导让步状语从句时，从句用部分倒装，其结构为“表语、状语、动词原型+as/though +主语+助动词/be/情态动词”。Although 引导状语从句时，不用倒装。
Eg, Child as the little girl, she knows several foreign languages. （child 作表语，提至句首，其前不加冠词）Cold as/though it was, he decided to go swimming.
7. so, neither/nor 引导的倒装结构：这种句型用于说明前句所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物。前句是肯定句时，用“so+助动词/be/情态动词+主语”结构，表示“某人或某物也。。。”；前句是否定句时，用“Neither/Nor+助动词/be/情态动词+主语”结构，表示“某人或某物也不。。。。”前后两句的时态及谓语动词必须一致。
Eg, I loved this movie and so did all my friends. 我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友也喜欢。
I hadn’t been to New York before and neither had Jane. 我以前没有去过纽约，简也没去过。
She can hardly drive a car. Neither/Nor can I.
易错点析
“So+主语+助动词/be/情态动词”表示同意前者的观点。这种结构中的主谓是正常语序。
Eg, ---It’s very cold today. -----So it is. 的确很冷。
Section 2 强调句
强调就是通过某种手段使句子的某一部分乃至全句所包含的信息比一般情况下显得更加重要。
1.“It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who….”能强调句子的主语、宾语和状语。强调人时可用who或that, 强调其他部分时只用that,而且that/who 不能省略。构成强调句的it 本身没有词义。
Eg. It was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.（被强调的内容是Haydn）
It was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time.(被强调的内容是on a cold November night)
It is physics that I dislike most.
2. 谓语动词除了用is/was 外，有时还可以用“It might be/must have been/can’t be….”等句式。
Eg. It is Tom who gets to school earliest. It was because it rained heavily that I came late.
It must have been Mary who waited for you yesterday. 昨天准是玛丽在等你。
3. 被强调部分若是句子的主语，that/who 之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。
Eg. It is I who am to blame for the fault.(强调句的主语是I，所以谓语动词为am)
It is you who are likely to win the contest. 可能赢得这次竞赛的人是你。
4. 当强调“not…until…”句式时，应把not 与until一起放在被强调部分。Until 引导的时间状语从句用陈述语序；that后面是主句，
也用陈述语序。
Eg. It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
5.强调句型用于一般疑问句时，是“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who。。”结构；用于特殊疑问句时，是“疑问词+is/was it (that)。。？”
结构。
Eg, Was it not until yesterday that it was made public? 直到昨天才予以公布吗？
Where was it that you picked up the wallet? 你是在哪里捡到了这个钱包？
易错点析
强调句的特殊疑问句中只有特殊疑问词可以被强调。
二．用助动词do/does/did 强调谓语
强调句型“It is/was….that/who…”不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do的不同形式，后接动词原形。
Eg. She did at last write to say thank you. (助动词did 强调谓语动词write.)
Adversity does best discover virtue. 逆境最易见美德。（助动词does 强调谓语动词discover）
易错点析
do 表示强调时，只用于肯定句中，它只有现在时和过去时两种形式。
三．判断是否是强调句的方法
把强调句型中的“It is/was….that/who….”去掉，如果句子依然成立，句意依然正确，说明该句是强调句。
Eg. It was John who broke the window. 去掉It, was, who 变成John broke the window. 句子依然成立，说明该句是强调句。