四六级翻译练习

1. 孔子

孔子 (Confucius) 是一位思想家、 政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学 (the Ru School) 思想的创始人。儒学 (Confucianism) ，这个道德和 宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔 圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上 20世纪伟大的权威之一， 把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作 西方的苏格拉底。

参考译文 : Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru

School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of

Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on

the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius 's influence in

Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.

2. 京剧

京剧(Beji ng Op era)是中国的国粹。

作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装 (costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类型反映不同的人

物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣 ; 穷困者的服装则简单朴素，少有装 饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要 手段，它是用不同的颜色 在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色 (portray) 的善恶。比如白色 代表奸诈

(treachery) ， 黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林 好汉(rebellious fighters) ，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)

参考译文: Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the

costumes of nobles ， while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different

colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a

villain by the colors of the masks. In general usually represents treachery, black

represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent

rebellious fighters gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism. 3. 茶马古道 茶马古道 (Tea-horse

Ancient Road) 两边，生活着 20 多个少数 民族。不同的 地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化， 比 如: 大理，丽江古城，香格 里拉 (Shangrila), 雅鲁藏布江 大峡谷和布达拉宫 (Potala Palace) 。古道的两旁 有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站 (post house), 古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民 族服装。时至今天， 虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了， 但它的文化和历史价值仍然 存在。

参考译文：Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minorities. Concentrations

of beautiful and mysterious natural Iandscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites , including

Dali old city, Facial ，white

，while

Lijia ng old city, Sha ngrila, Yarlu ng Zan gbo River Grand Canyon, Po tala P alace. The road features tempi es, rock pain ti ngs, p ost houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many n ati onal min orities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fadi ng away, its cultural and historic values rema in.

4.八大菜系

中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独

特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素

的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、

粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。

参考译文:China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast

territory and abundant resources, and every eth nic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regi onal cuis ines have take n sha pe after Ion g-history evolutio n un der the in flue nee of geogra phical en vir onment, climate, cultural traditi on, folk customs and other factors. The most in flue ntial and representative ones are Lu, Chuan ，Yue, Min, Su ，Zhe, Xiang and Hui

Cuis in es, which are com monly known as “ Eight Major Cuis ines ” . Dishes in the

“ Eight Major Cuisines ” in China are characterized by diversified cook ing skills, with each hav ing its strong poin ts.

5.四合院

四合院是从明代的北京延续下来的古典建筑风格的住宅。四合院之间的狭窄的

街道被称为“胡同”。一个四合院有园林包围着四个房子，有高高的围墙保护。四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的，有超过700多年的历史，但是由于现在的城市改造和中国经济的发展，四合院慢慢地从北京消失。

参考译文:Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential hous ing of Beiji ng citize ns dated from the Ming Dyn asty. The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called “Hutong ” . A single impi eme ntati on of Si He Yua n comp rises of garde n surroun ded by four houses and p rotected by high walls. Si He Yua n with Hutong which have bee n very familiar to people ，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the urban renovation and economic development of China, and they are slowly disa pp eari ng from Beiji ng.

6.少林功夫

少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfii) 是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和尚们练习的一

种武术(martial arts) 。少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty) 太和期

（Taihe Period ）十九年，是少林功夫发展的文化空间。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侣 练习的，他们的职责是保护寺庙。 现在经过1500多年的发展，少林功夫已逐

步发展成为一种完美技术和丰富含义相融合的艺术，在全世界享有声誉。

参考译文：Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monksunder the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province. The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development

of the Shaolin Kungfu. The Shaolin Kungfii, which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to p rotect the temple, has bee n gradually devel oped into an art of p erfect tech no logy, abundant meanings and high repu tatio n in the whole world after more tha n 1500 years of devel opment.

7.秧歌

秧歌是农历正月的主要的民族花市形式。 在这种活动中，两人都盛装打扮，轮 流唱歌跳舞， 其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣（gong ）鼓按照节奏敲打；唢呐 （suo na ）或其他传统的弦乐 器、木管乐器作为背景音乐。

参考译文:Yan gge, which is one of the ma in forms of folk flower fair

actions in the first mon th of the lunar year. In this activity,

two people

are dressed up, singing and dancing in an ti phonal style, others act as

singing and dancing partn ers. The gong and drum are beate n in rhythm; traditi onal stri nged and woodw ind in strume nts are dubbed in backgro und music. 8.筷子

说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的

国家，用筷子 吃饭已经有至 少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单， 只有两根小细棒，但 它有很多功能，比如挑选， 移动，夹，搅拌或 者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格 便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的 餐具(tableware)。使用筷子的人，无论是

中国人还是外国人，都无不

钦佩筷子的发明者。

参考译文:As the origin world to use chopsticks meals

with chop sticks. and thin

sticks, but it

moving, nipping, mixing and

digg ing; moreover and

cheap in price.

world. Anyone using chop

sticks without exce pti on admire the inven tor of cho psticks.

9.扇子 中国扇子的历史可以追溯到 3000多年前的商朝(the Sha ng Dy nasty)。第一种 扇子叫作 of cho psticks, China is the first country in the and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have Chop

sticks seems quite simple with only two small is in possession of manyfunctions, such as picking, ,it is convenient for use Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the , no matter Chin ese or foreig ners, would

精品文库“扇汗” (Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮

around the Shang Dyn asty. The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the p asse ngers from the rain fall. The Sha nhan was a bit like today ' s umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a Ion g-ha ndled fan made of thi n and tough silk or

birds5 feathers, called a Zhan gsha n fan, which was mai niy used by the emperor ' s honour guard as decoration.

10.中国茶

中国是茶的故乡。 据说早在五六千年前， 中国就有了茶树(tea- shrub), 而且 有关茶树的人类 文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的茶和丝绸、瓷器 (Porcelain)—样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国重要的出口产品。 目前世界上40多个国家种植茶，其中亚 洲国家的产量占世界总产量的90%。 其他国家的茶树都直接或间接地起源于中国。

参考译文：China is the homeland of tea. shrubs as early as five to six thousand of tea pants

can date back two thousand her silk and po

rcela in, bega n to be known the world over

more tha n a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export. At p rese nt more tha n forty coun tries in the world grow tea with Asia n countries producing 90% of the world ' s total outp ut. All tea trees in other coun tries have their origi n directly or in directly in Chi na. 11.丝绸之路

丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要

贸易路线。因 为这条路上的 丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在1877年它 被德国的一位地理学家 命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始，

经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线， 中部路线和北部路线。 这三条 路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjia ng Uygur Auto no mous Regio n) ， 然后扩展到 巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度， 甚至罗马。

参考译文:The Silk Road is a historically important international trade

route between China and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a large prop orti on of trade along this road, in 1877, it was n amed the Silk Road by an eminent Germa n geogra pher. This ancient road beg ins at Chang ' an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor ， and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route, Central Route and Northern Route. The three routes spread all over the 雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来

或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称为中山扇

仪仗(honour guard)装饰。

参考译文:The history of Chinese fan “扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸 (Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的 can be dated to over 3,000 years ago .

It is believed that China has tea- years ago ，and humancultivation years. Tea from China ，along with

Xinjiang Uygur AutonomousRegion, and then they exte nd as far as P akista n, In dia and eve n Rome.

12.经济水平多样化的中国

中国是一个文化、语言、风俗和经济水平都很多样化的地方。经济格局尤其多

样化。大城市如北京，广州和上海是现代的，相对富裕的。然而，约50%的中国

人仍然生活在农村地区，尽管中国只有10%的土地是可耕地(arable Iand)。数

百万农村居民仍然依靠体力劳动或役畜(draft animal)耕作。两三百万农民迁到城镇寻找工作。一般来说，南部和东部沿海地区比内陆地区更富有，西部和北

部，以及西南部是非常不发达的地区。

参考译文:China is a very diverse place with large variations in culture, Ianguage, customs and economic levels. The economic Iandscape is

p articularly diverse. The major cities such as Beiji ng, Guan gzhou and

Shan ghai are mode n and comp aratively wealthy. However, about 50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of Chin a ' s land

is arable. Hundreds of millions of rural residents still farm with manual

labour or draft animals. Some200 to 300 million former peasants migrated to tow nships and cities in search of work. Gen erally the souther n and easter n coastal regi ons are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and no rth, and the southwest are much less devel op ed.

13.中国对外贸易

对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边(bilateral) 贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的问题已经引发了关注。尤

其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达到了3150亿美元，这个数字是十年

前的三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute) 也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(dumping)、知识产权和人民币的估价。

参考译文：For manycoun tries around the world, Chi na is rap idly beco ming their most important bilateral trade partner. However ，there have been concerns over large trade imbala nces betwee n China and the rest of the world. The US in p articular has the largest trade deficit in the world with Chi na at $315 billi on, more tha n three times what it was a decade ago. There have also bee n a grow ing nu mber of trade dis pu tes brought aga in st, mainly for dumping, in tellectual property and the valuati on of the yua n.

14.中国的假日

中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期，其中包括104天的周末和11天的节假日。中国一年中有7个法定假日，包括元旦(NewYear' s Day),春节(Spring Festival), 清明节(Qingming Festival), 五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon

Boat Festival), 中秋节(Mid- Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有 5 至15天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。 在中国，暑假一般约 在7月1日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在1 月或2月

参考译文：Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals. China has seven legal holidays in a year ，including NewYear ' s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, MayDay, Drag on Boat Festival, Mid-Autu mn Day and Nati onal Day. Empio yees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave. Students and teachers have summer and win ter vacati ons for about three mon ths. The summervacati on in China gen erally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st ，and the

win ter vacatio n usually falls on January or February accordi ng to the date of the Spring Festival.

15.信用卡

信用卡(credit card) 是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险 的信用工具。 通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些

负担不起的物品，同时, 银行也将对此征收比一般贷款要高的利率(interest rate)

。遗憾的是，信用 卡现巳成为资本主义体制(capitalist system) 的重要组成部分，而该体制就得 依赖消费

(consumption)的持续增长。 参考译文:Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever created by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most dangerous. They allow people

to buy things they

，otherwise, couldn

afford ， with money created by the banks and, charged out at interest

rates than normal loans. Unfortunately, credit cards

an esse ntial part of the cap italist system which only survives on the con ti nued growth in consump ti on.

16.老龄化 根据全国老龄工作委员会(the China National Committee On Aging)

看，到2053年，中国60岁及以上的老人数量预计 会从目前的1.85亿一跃 变为4.87亿，或者说是占总人口 的35%。扩张的比例是由于寿命的增加和计 划生育政策(family planning policies) 限制大部分城市家庭只生一个孩子。 快速老龄化对社会和经济稳定 造成了严重威胁。

参考译文:The number of people aged 60 and above in China is expected

to jump from the current 185 million to 487 million, or 35 percent of the population, by 2053， according to figures from the China National Committee On Aging. The expanding ratio is due both an in crease in life expectancy and by family planning policies that limit most urban families to a single child. Rapid aging poses serious threats to the

country ' s t much higher have become

的数据来