新视野英语2复习题

新视野英语2复习题

passage

Passage 1

Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.

During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are "hot". That's tree. The time of day when you feel most energetic (精力充沛的) is when your cycle of body temperature is at this peak (高峰). For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar words as: "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is he is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.

You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually (习惯性的) staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start, which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn (呵欠) and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours.

1. Dr. Kleitman thinks that__________________.

A. getting up late in the morning means laziness

B. if your energy peak is in the evening, you might like getting up early

C. people can do nothing about energy cycle

D. spending some time yawning and stretching helps to keep you energetic

2. According to the passage, family quarrels may result from__________________.

A. the same energy cycle of family members

B. unawareness of different energy cycles

C. failing to get up early in the morning

D. knowledge of energy cycles

3. If you are used to getting up late in the morning, you are likely to be most energetic________.

A. in the morning

B. at noon

C. in the afternoon

D. in the evening

4. What's the likely relationship between energy cycle and body temperature?

A. Energy cycle and body temperature are the same things.

B. The higher your temperature is, the less energetic you are.

C. The higher your temperature is, the more energetic you are.

D. There is no direct relation between them.

5. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. One can change his energy cycle once he makes up his mind.

B. We still don't know why people have different energy cycles.

C. Habit will help to make our life fit energy cycles better.

D. If you rise earlier than usual, you will be more efficient at your low point in the morning.

Passage 2

The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth's resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the breakup of the family, and the pollution not only of local air but also of the earth' s atmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.

Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resource exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.

This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of lost morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves whole-heartedly.

This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and that we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive, This is a priceless opportunity.

To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting us and the world is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by-product of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no environmentalists’mere fears, no by-producing countries, no by-product of any present system of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a: sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world's children and future generation.

1. Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?

A) Lack of financial planning. B)The breakup of the family.

C) Natural disasters in ninny regions. D) The excessive growth of motors.

2. According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality?

A)Disregard for law. B)Lack of devotion.

C) Lack of cooperation. D)Exploitation of resources.

3. By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws attention to the

A) significance of this crisis B) inadequacy of government

C) similarity of the past to the present D) hopelessness of. the situation

4.. What contribution does the author feel people must now make.*

A) Search for new energy sources. B) Outlaw motor transportation

C)Accept a new lifestyle D)Adopt a new form of government.

5 .The word “revival ( Sentence 2, Para. 3) most probably means “_________”.

A) survival B) destruction

C ) removal

D )comeback

Passage 3

The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on Earth. In terms of man' s brief life it appears permanent and unchanging, but to the forester it represents the climax of a long succession of events.

No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements of temperature and moisture and, in ages past, virtually every part of Earth's surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions in favor of plant life, a fascinating sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.

First to colonize the barren land are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms

crack the rock surface,, plant debris accumulates, and mosses establish a shallow root-hold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination---closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may endure for thousands of years.

Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy its outright and settlers may cut it d own to gain land for pasture or cultivation. Of course the land is then abandoned, a secondary succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and lodged in the coats of mammals.

For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast machine storing energy and many elements essential for life.

1. Why does the forest strike mankind as permanent?

A)The trees are so tall. B).It is renewed each season.

C) Our lives are short in comparison. D) It is an essential part of our lives.

2. What has sometimes caused plants to die out in the past?

A) Interference from foresters. B) Variations in climate.

C) The absence of wooded land. D) The introduction of new types of plants.

3. In a "primary succession" (Line 5, Para. 2), what makes it possible for mosses to take root?

A) The type of rock. B) The amount of sunlight.

C) The amount of enclosure. D) The effect of lichens.

4. What condition is needed for shrubs to become established in the "secondary succession''?

A)Ferns must take root.

B) Their seeds were carried to the abandoned land.

C) More soil must accumulate.

D) The ground must be covered with grass.

5. Why is a "secondary succession" ( Para. 4) quicker?

A) The ground is more suitable. B) There is more space for new plants.

C) Birds and animals bring new seeds. D) It is supported by the forest.

Passage 4

The chief purpose of work is not to produce things but to build the man, It is not so important what shape or form our work may take; what is vitally important is our attitude toward that work..

Even if the particular duty is one which doesn't seem worth doing, if you must do it, it is important to do it right. Even if no one else will ever know whether you did it right or not, you will know. By making a commitment (承诺) to quality work, you make a commitment to yourself to develop your abilities and self-respect, to do the best you can do and be the best you can be. When you do as little as possible or just enough to get by, you are not merely cheating your employer, your customers, your clients, and your co-workers, but most importantly, you cheat yourself. You cheat yourself out of an opportunity to develop pride and self-worth. You cheat yourself out of an opportunity to meet a challenge and develop your own inner powers and abilities. You may be able to get away with cheating others, but you never get away with cheating yourself.

Thus, the key is a commitment to yourself to use every possible opportunity for self-development and treat every work assignment, no matter how small or boring, as a challenge

that can be used in your development.

Work is a projection (投影) of self. Consciousness (感觉、意识)can regard any job as a potential opportunity for self-expression, for play, for creativity, for the furtherance(推动)of social objectives, and it can arrange the factors in the job so that they form a means of self-expression.

Most jobs contain at least some limited options for creativity. To the extent that any job can be done in different ways, the job presents you with an opportunity to project your unique abilities and values into that job. Any type of communication, written or spoken, presents a significant opportunity for creative expression. Even if your efforts are reviewed and must be toned down to fit into the mold (模型) of your organization, there is always a slight opening through which you can project your unique personality. Use these

opportunities to express and confirm your existence.

1. The most important thing about work is ____________.

A. to produce things

B. the shape one's work takes

C. the amount of money it makes

D. one's attitude towards the work

2. If the work doesn't seem worth doing, you should ___________.

A. give it up

B. tell others to do it

C. stop in the middle

D. perform it carefully

3. What can work assignments offer people?

A. An opportunity to develop oneself.

B. A chance to get away with cheating themselves

C. Few options for creativity.

D. A way to get rid of your unique personality.

4. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. Sometimes you have to adjust yourself to your work.

B. There is space for you to show your creativity.

C. Work must be done in one way in order to be the most efficient

D. You may never cheat yourself.

5. The main idea of the passage is

A. how to improve your creativity

B. the importance of projecting your values into your job

C. when to express yourself

D. how to change one's personality

Passage 5

Human migrations (移居国外) within recorded history have transformed the entire character of lands and continents and the composition of their racial, ethnic and language groups. The map of Europe, for example, is the product of several major early migrations involving the Germanic peoples, the Slavs, and the Turks. The overseas migration of Europeans during this period totaled about 60 million people.

The largest migration in history has been called the Great Atlantic Migration from Europe to North America, the first major wave of which began in the 1840s with mass movements from Ireland and Germany. In the 1880s a second and larger wave developed from eastern and southern Europe; between 1880 and 1910 some 17 million Europeans entered the United States. The total number of Europeans reaching the United States amounted to 37 million between 1820 and 1980. From 1801 to 1914 about 7.5 million people moved from European to Asiatic Russia (i.e., Siberia), and between World Wars I and II about 6 million more chose to move there, not counting the vast number of deportees who were forced to go to Siberia's labor camps. Since World War II the largest migrations have involved groups from developing countries moving to the industrialized nations. Some 13 million people moved across borders to become permanent residents of Western Europe from the 1960s through the 1980s, and more than 10 million permanent immigrants were admitted legally to the United States in that same period, with illegal immigration adding several millions more.

Slave migrations and mass expulsions also have been part of human history for thousands of years. The largest slave migrations were probably those compelled by European slave traders operating in Africa from the 16th to the 19th century; perhaps 20 million slaves were taken to the Americas, though a large number died in terrible conditions of the trip across the Atlantic Ocean. The largest mass expulsions (驱逐) have probably been those imposed by Nazi Germany, which deported 7 to 8 million persons during World War II

(1939-45). The major trend in internal migration during the 20th century has been the movement from rural to urban areas. As a consequence, urban growth since World War II has been very rapid in much of the world, particularly in developing countries.

1．What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The map of Europe is the product of several major early migrations.

B. Human migrations within recorded history have changed the world.

C. The overseas migration of Europeans totaled about 60 million people

D. The first major wave of migration began in the 1840s.

2. The following statements are true EXCEPT _____________.

A. the largest mass expulsions have been those imposed by Nazi Germany.

B. the largest slave migrations were compelled by European slave traders.

C. the largest migration in history has been called the Great Atlantic Migration.

D. between World War I and II, about 6 million people migrated to Europe.

3. How many people moved across borders to become permanent residents of Western Europe from the 1960s through the 1980s?

A. More than 10 million.

B. Some 13 million.

C. 17 million.

D. 20 million.

4. Where did the people of the first major wave of the Great Atlantic Migration which began in the 1840s come from?

A. From England and Germany.

B. From Iceland and Germany.

C. From Ireland and Germany.

D. From Ireland and France.

5. What has been the trend of migration during the 20th century?

A. The movement from rural to urban areas.

B. The movement from urban to rural areas.

C. The movement from Europe to America.

D. The movement from Africa to America.

Passage 6

Somebody ought to defend the workaholic. These people are unjustly accused, abused, and defamed--often termed sick or morbid.

One-third of American business and commerce is carried on the shoulders of workaholics. The ratio might exist in art and science too.

Workaholics are the achievers, the excellent. There is a national conspiracy against excellence-------an undue admiration of commonness and mediocrity. It is as though we are against those who make uncommon sacrifices because they enjoy doing something.

Some popular psychologists say that the workaholic has an inferiority complex which leads to overcompensation. This is certainly not the case. Inferiority, or low esteem, describes laziness more accurately than it describes dedication.

We do not seem to realize that very little excellence is achieved by living a well-balanced life. Edison, Ford, Einstein, Freud all had single-minded devotion to work whereby they sacrificed many things, including family and friendship. The accusation is made that workaholics bear guilt by not being good parents or spouses. But guilt can exist m the balanced life also. Consider how many "normal" people find, at middle-age, that they have never done anything well, they are going to settle to less than what they could have become.

1. From this passage we know that workaholic is a term referring to those___________.

A)who enjoy work more than anything else

B)who make greater contributions than others

C) who make uncommon sacrifices in their personal life

D)all of the above

2. The author's main concern in this passage is to __________.

A) point out the role the workaholic plays in the American economy

B) defend people who are addicted to work

C) encourage us not to worry about our imperfection

D) consider the difficulties that confront as at middle-age

3. The author of this passage would most likely agree that the workaholic____________.

A)is mentally ill.

B) performs an insignificant proportion of American business.

C)will not have the regrets that many "normal" people face at middle-age.

D) suffers from low self-esteem.

4. According to this passage, ___________.

A) Freud led a well-balanced life

B) generally speaking, workaholics can be helped

C)workaholics should be admired

D)so-called "normal" people are truly the sick people among us

5. According to the author, one can hardly achieve excellence unless one __________.

A) lives as abnormal live B) sacrifices friendship and family

C) has total devotion to work D) ignores popular opinions

Passage 7

Evaluating employee performance is a key of management skills. The challenge is to

give the employees an accurate picture of chief accomplishments, and of the areas in which they need to improve. Both are important accomplishments because they give the employee a sense of pride in the work and basis on which to build future achievements, and areas for improvement, because they give the employee some goals to roach for.

Often, employees fear that the evaluation will be a negative experience. This fear alone can engender defensiveness and tension, which result in a serf-fulfilling prediction. The supervisor must take pains to relieve the employee's fear and make the evaluation a participatory event. An employee who contributes ideas to his or her evaluation will be much more likely to agree with the outcome and be willing to follow the recommendations.

The employees must always bear in mind that the sole legitimate domain of an employee appraisal system is to improve employees' performance. While areas needing improvement must be reviewed, this should always be done in the spirit of discovering goals that the employee can work toward. This holds true for reviewing successes as well. While praise for past achievements may be used as reward, to engender loyalty, or for other reasons, at the time of evaluation, the primary reason to look at the person's successes is to determine areas in which he or she can continue to excel; perhaps, the most effective way to make the evaluation a participatory event is to ask the employee to come prepared to the meeting. The employer and the employee each should carefully review the job description prior to the evaluation meeting and should make notes on areas in which the employee had difficulty or has made a contribution. At the evaluation meeting, the employer must establish a positive and comfortable mood. The employee should be invited to review and comfortable mood. The employee should be invited to review his or her lists first. Almost always the employee's notes will be very similar to what the employer has written. If the employer simply verifies what the employee has said, the employee will be much less anxious about the procedure, and much more likely to work toward the goals.

1. Evaluation is often a negative experience because __________.

A) the employee has defend himself

B) the employee is tense and the employer does not relieve this

C) the employee has done a bad job

D) the employer is going to give up employee some goals that he cannot reach

2. Evaluation should focus on ___________.

A) accomplishments B) areas that need improvement

C) a sense of pride in the work D) both A) and B)

3. One way to relieve employee's anxiety is ___________.

A) to set easy goals

B) to ask the employee to contribute ideas

C) to praise the employee's success but say nothing of what he has not done

D) not to invite the employee to the meeting

4. The sole legitimate domain of evaluation is to ___________.

A) improve employees' performance

B) tell employees how well they have done

C) gain participation in the process

D) tell employees what they should have done

5. The key to participatory evaluation is that both parties ___________.

A) are comfortable in the setting

B) get to talk

C) contribute ideas and agree on the outcome

D) know in which areas the employee has made a contribution

Passage 8

Every day, we are influenced by mass media. Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used mostly to control our thinking and get us to buy products we don't need, they agree that the media also contributes to keeping people informed. In other words, while risks do exist, the benefits of the media are far more than the disadvantages. Most of the messages are designed either to inform or entertain—and neither of these goals can be considered risky or harmful.

If consumers of the media could be taught at an early age to examine messages critically, i.e., to think carefully about what is being communicated—they would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recognizing the motives of the news item or writers, the advertisers, and so on. Are both sides of the issue being presented'? Have enough facts about the product being advertised been presented?

Furthermore, citizens need the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs. Information about current events is presented in depth on publicly funded TV channels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete their education. Recent immigrants, for example, can improve their command of English through TV and radio, and in addition, some college courses are taught on educational television.

Another recognized advantage of the media is that it gives people information they need for their daily lives: weather and traffic reports are good examples. While commercials and advertising do not necessarily present accurate information, they do make people aware of the availability of products that could improve their lives. In addition, they create a larger demand for some items, which may lead to a fall in their price.

While the media can be a valuable means of educating the public, when most people turn on the TV set or the radio, they want to be entertained. As a result most programming consists of movies, plays, music, humorous shows, game shows, and sports events. Some of these offerings are of low quality, but on the other hand, many are fun to watch and interestingly written and well presented.

Even though the mass media can be misused, most of its effects are positive. We are all influenced by television, and radio as well as movies, magazines and newspapers. If we are careful to examine their message critically they can all be of benefit to our lives.

1. What is the main point of the author?

A. Advertising is harmful when it presents inaccurate information.

B. The positive effects of the mass media are more than the negative ones.

C. People should learn to take advantage of the media's benefits.

D. Television is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing

information.

2. According to the author, the two main purposes of mass media are to_____________.

A. control our thinking and get us to buy useless products

B. provide people with information and entertainment

C. make people aware of the availability of products and create a large demand for some

items

D. express the views of the public and help improve recent immigrants' English

3. The author feels that consumers of the mass media should be taught at an early age to___________.

A. bring their imagination into full play when watching programs of low quality

B. buy products advertised in commercials so that the demand increases

C. turn off the TV set when a ridiculous program comes on

D. think critically about the messages brought to them

4. It can be learned from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better position to express their views and make their choices if they are

___________.

A.highly educated through TV and radio

B. well protected by the government

C. highly paid by their employers

D. well informed by the media

5. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

A. The mass media offers information needed in our daily lives.

B. Publicly funded broadcasting does not present information about current wants in

depth.

C. Information provided by commercials and advertising is always accurate.

D. Many TV and radio programs are not interesting.

Passage 9

When dining in restaurants, Americans usually order drinks first, then soup, salad, main course or entree, and dessert at last. This is somewhat a different order way from that in Europe.

Until about the middle of the nineteenth century, Americans didn't have to worry about whether the salad came before, or after the main course since they didn' t eat salad at all. Chomping on greens was once considered sissy, and Americans preferred to get their greens indirectly, after they had been processed by rabbits or deer. The shift of public taste toward the salad may be attributed to New York's Delmonico brothers, who originally introduced smorgasbord from Europe, and served it in their restaurant. Such novelties became so popular that by the end of the nineteenth century, the Waldorf salad has swept the country.

Europeans still chomp on greens after the main course, as a way of clearing the palate, and being ready for the cheese. Why Americans eat their salad first is uncertain. The following joking suggestions might make sense: the custom may be related to the slimming craze, for "salad first" may fill you up without any worry about fattening; to avoid customers' impatience with waiting, the restaurant serves salad first to keep them busy while the main courses are being prepared; eating raw food while one is waiting for the cooked food may be a way of announcing that one is not wasting time, which is seen as a virtue; or probably unfair to the restaurant, this custom has been encouraged by the merchant as a trick--the meagreness of a meal is less noticeable if it comes after "free" salad-after all, rabbit food is much cheaper than the rabbit.

1. In American restaurants, people are usually served in the order of __________.

A) soup, salad, main course, drinks and dessert

B) drinks, salad, main course, soup and dessert

C) drinks, soup, salad, main course and dessert

D) drinks, soup, main course, salad and dessert

2. Before the middle of the nineteenth century, ____________.

A) Americans ate the salad before the main course

B) Americans ate the salad after the main course

C) Americans ate the salad either before or after the main course

D) Americans didn't eat the salad at all

3. The sentence "Americans preferred to get their greens indirectly, after they had been processed by rabbits or deer" (Line 3, Para. 2) means ____________.

A) Americans preferred to eat vegetables cooked with rabbits or deer

B) Americans preferred vegetables digested by rabbits or deer

C) Americans preferred meat to vegetables

D) Americans preferred vegetables to meat

4. In the last sentence of the passage, "rabbit food" refers to __________.

A) the salad B)food made of rabbit meat

C) junk food D)food prepared for the rabbit

5.Which of the following statements is true?

A)Salad first appeared in America, and then was introduced to Europe.

B)The American tradition of eating salad before the main course was formed mainly for the sake of health.

C)In less than fifty years, salad became popular throughout the United States.

D)Serving salad before the entree by the restaurants is a way of cheating the diners.

Passage 10

A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn't easy; marriage has always been

difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes, the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown the family into disorder. But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party.

Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one's fantasies, some of one' s legitimate desires, have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. "While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bonds," says Dr.

Whitaker, "Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow them to stop growing or changing".

A divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation for people who have grown hopelessly apart or are frozen in

patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be like the first cut of the surgeon's knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partners can stay past the breaking up of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals of the world. Marriages that do not fail but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself.

1. According to the author, an ideal marriage life _________.

A) requires considerable sacrifice on both partners

B) requires that the couple be emotionally involved

C) allows for the growth of the husband and wife as a couple and as two individuals

D)is only an illusion in today's society

2. The word "legitimate" most probably means ___________.

A) lawful B) biological C)personal D)reasonable

3. The second paragraph is mainly about __________.

A)the importance of serf-restraint on the parts of the husband and the wife

B) the sacrifice man should make to contribute to housework

C) the tolerance on the part of the wife of her husband's misbehavior

D) the difference in value put on marriage between the husband and the wife

4. In the author's opinion, a divorce is not an evil act __________.

A) if the marital life is imperfect

B) if it leads to a more worthwhile life for the two persons

C) if the couple later gets married again and finds real love

D) if the couple lives far away from each other

5. The author believes the real cause for the increase of divorces today lies in that _________.

A) people have too many sources of entertainment

B) people have less internal restraints

C) people no longer enjoy family life as they did before

D) people do not want to be confined by marital ties

Passage 11

The American common school differed from the European school in that it was from the outset an expression of the desire on the part of the American colonies to develop a type of intellectual freedom not prevalent in Europe. There was a further characteristic of the American common school, which distinguished itself from its European predecessors. The school was, from the beginning, controlled by local authority. Communities were indeed compelled by early legislation in the colonies to maintain educational institution of some kind for the young people, but the details of organization were left to the communities.

We find that there was the greatest variety in the method of controlling these schools. In New England the town meeting determined the policy of the school. It set the salary of the teacher, and very frequently went so far as to select teachers, although it commonly delegated supervision of the school to a trustee or to a committee. This committee often included the pastor of the church and one or more of the leading citizens.

1. One of the major differences between American and European schools was __________.

A) that American schools were colonial and therefore were under European control

B) that American schools desired to be expressive

C) that American schools emphasized the need of intellectual freedom

D) that American schools were for common citizens while European schools were for no-

bles.

2. The word "prevalent" (Sentence 1, Para. 1 )in this passage means ___________.

A) current " B) famous C) notorious D) acceptable

3. Another distinctive quality of American schools was that ___________.

A) the local government was free to organize its own educational system

B) the local government was compelled to follow the central authority

C) each community was free to decide whether to provide education or not

D) the school was controlled by the federal government

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Each community differed in the method of controlling the schools.

B) The salary of the teacher was determined by the local authority.

C)The supervising committee of the school was often composed of church people and some important figures of the town.

D) All communities carried the same principle in organizing these schools.

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A)The intellectual development of American schools.

B) The independence of American schools from Europe.

C) The central control of American schools.

D) The role of local authority in American schools.

Passage 12

Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.

No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs are his beliefs, and its impossibilities are his impossibilities.

1. The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world is that _________.

A) custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behavior

B) the study of social orders can replace the study of custom

C) people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming our world

outlook

D) custom has little to do with our ways of thinking

2. Which of the following is TRUE according to John Dewey?

A)An individual can exercise very little influence on the culture tradition into which he

is born.

B) custom is the direct result of the philosophical probing of a group of people.

C)An individual is strongly influenced by the culture tradition even before he is born.

D) custom represents the collective wisdom, which benefits the individual.

3. The word "custom" in this passage most probably means __________.

A) the concept of the true and the false of a society

B) the independently developed social orders

C) the adjustment of the individual to the new social environment

D) the patterns and standards of behavior of a community

4. According to the passage a person' s life, from his birth to his death, ___________.

A) is constantly shaping his cultural tradition of his people

B) is predominated by traditional custom

C) is continually influenced by the habits of other communities

D) is chiefly influenced by the people around him

5. The author' s purpose in writing this passage is

A) to urge individuals to follow traditional customs

B) to stress the strong influence of customs on an individual

C) to examine the interaction of man and social customs

D) to show man's adjustment to traditional customs

Vocabulary and Structure

1. The survival of civilization as we know is ________ threat.

A) within B) under C) towards D) upon

2. The change in government is a(n) _________ event of our time.

A) historic B) historical C) permanent D)eternal

3. The______________ search for the lost boys proved______________ and the search party returned home at nightfall quite_______.

A) exhaustive; exhausted; exhausting B) exhausting; exhausted; exhaustive

C) exhausted; exhaustive; exhausting D) exhaustive; exhausting; exhausted

4. Our son doesn't know what to_______ at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future.

A) take in B) take over C) take up D) take after

5. The doctor told Penny that too much ___________ to the sun is bad for the skin.

A) exposure B) extension C) exhibition D)expansion

6. With the population explosion, scientists will have to_________ new methods of increasing the world's food supply.

A) lead to B) live on C) live up D) come up with

7. _____________ his cold, he came first in the athletics meet.

A) Besides B) Despite C) Regardless D) In spite

8. England and America are ______________ in many ways.

A) like B) alike C) likely D) likewise

9. They were careful to seat important guests_________ the host so he could talk to them easily.

A) near to B) near C) next D) nearly

10. Jane is said_______ an opera singer in her youth.

A)being B) to be C) to have been D) having been

11. The story was told by a girl _________ in a small town on the west coast.

A) grows up B) growing up C) grew up D) grown up

12. Here is a message of importance to every man and woman who______________.

A) votes B) vote C) voting D) are voting

13. Franklin's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly__________ to his success in public life.

A ) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related

14. She never laughed,_________ lose her temper.

A) nor she ever did B) or she ever did

C) or did she ever D)nor did she ever

15. Finding a job in such a big company has always been____________ his wildest dream.

A) under B ) over C) above D ) beyond

16. The court is not ___________ hear your case.

A) competent for B) competent to C) capable of D) able to

17. It is not I but you who________________ the first run to the goal in that competition.

A) is B) was C) are D) is going to

18. They have ______________ on a journey round the world.

A) set off B) set back C) set up D) set aside

19. We ____________ paying you a visit but the bad weather prevented us from doing so.

A) had thought of B) have thought of C) were thinking of D) thought of

20. It is so difficult a question that I can't ____________ my students.

A) get it across to B) get away through

C) get it off D) get it over

21. Although they feel dissatisfied with the election results, they have to become reconciled

______________ the decision made by our fellow countrymen.

A) for B) on C) to D) with

22. The question then _________ what are we going to do when we graduate from the university?

A) raises B) arouses C) arises D) rises

23. He loves doing some reading at home_________ to the cinema.

A) than to go B) than going C) more than going D) rather than to go

24. Henry is so indifferent to his appearance that he never has his clothes___________.

A) pressed nor shine his shoes B) pressed or his shoes shined

C) to press or his shoes to shine D) pressing or his shoes shine

25. She never regretted paying $ 200 for the bookcase. As a matter of fact she would gladly have paid________________ for it.

A) as much twice B) as twice much

C) much as twice D) twice as much

26. Close your book and____________ a piece of paper.

A) to take out B) you take out C) take out D) taking

27. This water has been boiling ___________ for over an hour.

A) continual B) continuously C) continually D) continuous

28. ______right now, she would get there on Sunday.

A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) Were she to leave D) If she had left

29. There was no point ________ out until the storm had really stopped.

A) in going B) by going C) of going D) to go

30. She does n’t normally behave like that; she is __________.

A) putting it up B) putting it down C) putting it out D) putting it on

31. The story was told by a girl ___________ in a small town on the west coast.

A. grows up

B. growing up

C. grew up

D. grown up

32. John didn’t feel well yesterday; otherwise, he __________ to see his friend off at the airport.

A. came

B. would come

C. would have come

D. should be coming

33. Ann never dreams of ____________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.

A. there being a chance

B. there to be a chance

C. there be a chance

D. being a chance

34. These two cities are similar _________ they both have plenty of rainfall during this season.

A. except that

B. in that

C. besides that

D. to that

35. The speech which he made ___________ the project is really boring.

A. concerned

B. being concerned

C. concerning

D. be concerned

36. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our _____________.

A. identification

B. identity

C. similar

D. concerned

37. His ______________ the project upset his colleagues who were trying every possible means to have it carried out.

A. indifference for

B. indifference to

C. difference from

D. lack of interest to

38. The newcomers found it impossible to ___________ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.

A. coordinate

B. adopt

C. suit

D. adapt

39. He was for many years the ___________ of strong criticism, but he never bothered to answer his critics in public.

A. target

B. purpose

C. aim

D. objective

40 At the dinner party last night, a heated discussion __________ as to whether men were brave than women.

A sprung up B. jumped up C. sprung out D. sprang up

41. The __________ man merely swallows .the theory that the earth is round because there is something about it that appeals to the

twentieth-century mentality.

A ) regular B) average C ) normal D) usual

42. It is hard to believe that when she was ___________ the chance to study in Paris for a year,

Janet should have given it up.

A) presented B) granted C) provided D ) introduced

43. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed ___________ and means of packing.

A) specifications B ) inspections C ) specimens D) specializations

44. Let us hope that ___________ a nuclear war, the human race might still survive.

A) in the case of B) at the mercy of

C) in the event of D) with reference to

45. If I could find some way of slowing my father down, I would; he is _________ far too much work these days.

A)taking in B)taking along C)taking over D)taking on

46. The newcomers found it impossible to __________ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.

A) coordinate B) adopt C) suit D) adapt

47. The developments in organ transplantation have led to a far higher proportion of successful operations and this, ___________, has led to greater demand for transplants.

A)in turn B)by turn C)at the mm D)take turns

48. It is _________ that the total expenses in the trial manufacture of the new products will come to $ 30,000.

A) deducted B) estimated C) expected D) anticipated

49.As a president, Lincoln had _________ patience and tolerance for those who disagreed with him and showed great generosity to his opponents.

A)infinite B) definite C) magnificent D)domestic

50. His _________ the project upset his colleagues who were trying every possible means to have it carried out.

A) indifference for B) indifference to

C) difference from D) lack of interest to

51. Football, baseball and basketball are __________ sports, that is, only a few people actually take part in them while many more only watch them.

A) spectacle B) spectator C) spectacular D) specific

52. One hundred years later, the Negro still lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material ____________.

A) prosperous B)prospect C)prosperity D)preparation

53. When reformer in the northern states put pressure on Congress not to permit slavery in western __________ that later became states, some of the southern states wanted to secede from the United States.

A ) territories

B ) terrorism

C ) terrorists D) terrific

54.The Italian people were so civilized, so sophisticated, so down-to-earth that deep in their hearts, they had never, like the Germans, _________ Fascism, but had merely suffered it.

A ) embodied B) include C) embraced D) exclude

55 .A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our ________.

A) identification B) identity C) identical D) identify

56. That politician was too closely __________ with the former administration to be given a post in this one.

A) identical B) identified C)similar D) concerned

57. It pains me to see the sale of our company ___________, We must act promptly to make our products more competitive on the world market.

A) contract B) recoil C) shrink D) reflect

58. The presence of the former general at the military parade is proof that he still __________ high respect in the army and his influence on the country's military strategy is not to be dismissed yet for some time to come.

A ) commands B) comments C) commences D) commends

59. She is one of those extremely old-fashioned women who will never tolerate from rules and traditions in any way.

A ) department B) indifference C) dependence D) departure

60. It took her quite a time to _________ the only lady in the office.

A) get accustomed to being B) get used to be

C) adapt herself to D) be adopted by

61. As a commander, you should not _________ the soldiers to unnecessary danger.

A) face B) explode C) present D) expose

62. The question then ______: what are we going to do when we graduate from the university?

A) raises B) arouses C) arises D) rises

63. Beijing has ________ confident about its bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games after receiving good marks in an International Olympic Committee (IOC) report assessing the technical merits of each bid city.

A) reasons to be B) a reason to be

C) reason to be D) masons for being

64. Metals expand when they are heated and ______________ when cooled.

A) contact B) condense C) contrast D) contract

65. It must have mined last night, for the ground is wet now, ___________ it?

A)isn't B)wasn't C)hasn't D)didn't

66. The article opens and doses with description of two new reports, each __________ one major point in contrast with the other.

A)makes B)made C)is to make D)making

67. All things _______, her paper is of greater value than mine.

A) having considered B) considering

C) being considered D) considered

68. About how many elements ________ make up most of the substances we meet in everyday life?

A)it is that B)is it that C)it is which D)is it this

69. Our national flag is __________ now.

A)being risen B)being raised C)raising D)arisen

70. The construction of the new teaching building ________ by the end of this year.

A) must be completed B) will complete

C) must have been completed D) will have been completed

71. She become a British citizen ________ her marriage to an Englishman.

A)by virtue of B)by the way C)result in D)as a result

72. The car _________ outside the station.

A ) pulled up B) broke up C) broke in D) broke off

73. You are heading ___________ an accident if you drive after drinking.

A)to B)for C)against D) toward

74. It took a long flute for the excitement to __________.

A)die out B)die down C)die off D)die

75.All the money __________ spent.

A)have been B)is C)are D)h~ being

76. His honesty is ___________ question and we trust him.

A) beyond B) out of the

C) in question D) called into question

77. _________ might be expected, the Christmas party will turn out to be a great success.

A)That B)As C)It D)Which

78. I have told you everything ___________ I know.

A)which B)about that C)that D)all that

79.After _________ by the manager, he is asked to fill a form.

A) interviewing B) interviewed

C) having interviewed D) being interviewed

80. It is so difficult a question that I can't __________ my students.

A) get it across to B) get away through

C)get it off D)get it over

81. I'd have come with you _________ I was so busy.

A)except for B)but that C)provided that D)so long as

82. Bubonic plague broke out __________ the organism being conveyed from one individual to another by lice.

A)because B)thanks to C)as to D)owing to

83. Don't let them talk you _________ giving them more than they are entitled

A) about ... to B)into... to C) into… by D)into... with

84. The 1ecturer spoke so fast that I found it hard ________ what he was saying.

A)to take in B)to take up C)to take over D)to take on

85. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure

A)than more on efficiency B)and more on efficiency

C) than efficiency D) and more efficiency

86. An object weighs __________ from the surface of the Earth.

A) less the farther it gets B)the farther it gets, the less

C)less than it gets farther D)less than it, the farther it gets

87. This water has been boiling __________ for over an hour.

A) continual B) continuously C) continually D) continuous

88. Robert is said __________ abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in.

A)to have studied B)to study

C)to be studying D)to have been studying

89. Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.

A)didn' t hear B)hasn't been hearing

C)hasn't heard D)hadn't heard

90. The conference ___________ a full week by the time it ends.

A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted

91. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _________ trouble.

A)making B)to make C)to have made D)having made

92. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys __________ to go to school.

A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged

93. The new appointment of our president __________ from the very beginning of the next semester.

A)takes effect B)takes part C)takes place D)takes turns

94. It is useful to be able to predict the extent ________ which a price change will affect supply and demand.

A) from B)with C)to D)for

95. Finding a job in such a big company has always been _________ his wildest dream.

A) under B) over C ) above D ) beyond

96. Their performance to be a great success.

A) turned away B) turned off C) turned out D) turned down

97. It is wise of you to __________ well-trained workers _________ untrained ones on the assembly lines.

A) substitute… for B) substitute… with

C) replace… by D) replace… with

98. __________ by the car, the child was unconscious for two days.

A) Hit B) being hit C) After being hit D) He being hit

99. __________ the student decided to go for an outing.

A)A fine day B) Being a fine day

C)A fine day as it was D)It being a fine day

100. Peter said that he felt ____________.

A) like seeing a film B) like to see a film

C) to see a film D) about seeing a film

Cloze

In the United States, parents do not 1_ marriages for their children. Teenagers begin dating in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social 2 .

3 young people feel free to choose their friends from different groups, most choose a mate of similar

4 .

This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot 5 spouses for their children, but they can usually 6 choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable.

7 , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are 8 , probably because of the greater mobility of today's youth and the fact that they are 9 by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their home towns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, 10 pursue a career in a bigger city.

1. A ) arrange B) engage C) manage D) propose

2. A) position B) association C) contract D) contacts

3. A) Since B) Though C) If D) Hence

4. A) background B) situation C) circumstance D) condition

5. A) oppose B) reject C) select D) approve

6. A) influence B) make C) afford D) provide

7. A) Therefore B) However C) Moreover D) likewise

8. A) declining B) prohibiting C) increasing D) reducing

9. A ) restrained B) retained C) reserved D) restricted

10. A) but B) or C) so D) otherwise

Because there are so many different nationalities(国籍)in America, visitors can 1 almost any kind of restaurant in most of the larger cities, 2 telephone book lists restaurants for each city 3 to name, area of the city, or kind of 4 . Restaurants in large cities vary greatly 5 price. Many restaurants post their menus (菜单)in the window 6 you can have some idea of the 7 and kind of food before you 8 . If the menu is not posted, and 9 are uncertain about how expensive the place is, ask to 10 a menu before you are seated at a 11 ,or else just ask about the price range. 12 form the outside can be misleading—13 looks like a small, informal restaurant may really be very 14 ,and what looks like a large, expensive restaurant 15 be very reasonable.

You can get a meal 16 about $ 2 or slightly more if you eat in snack bars or coffee shops, 17 in most city restaurants you should expect to 18 $ 6 to $ 8 a person for dinner, 19 alcoholic drinks and wine extra. Prices in New York City are even 20 .

1. A) go B) find C) look D) get

2. A) The B) A C) This D) That

3. A) thanks B) owing C) according D) contrary

4. A) business B) serving C) price D) food

5. A) at B) of C) in D) by

6. A) so B) that C) but D) since

7. A) food B) price C) service D) place

8. A) eat B) buy C) enter D) leave

9. A) we B) they C) these D) you

10. A) watch B) see C) look D) stare

11. A) seat B) chair C) desk D) table

12. A) Appearances B) Differences C) Impressions D) Resemblances

13. A) it B) that C) what D) which

14. A) expensive B) cheap C) high D) low

15. A) must B) may C) should D) would

16. A) on B) in C) with D) for

17. A) since B) for C) but D) or

18. A) pay B) cost C) take D) get

19. A) for B) with C) about D) at

20. A) less B) more C) lower D) higher

Every year, when the Nobel Prizes are__1__there as a great deal of publicity about the __2__. They are interviewed and articles are written about them. This is because winning the Nobel Prize is considered by most people the highest__3__that can be achieved in certain particular__4__of work such as chemistry, physics, medicine, and literature. There is also a Nobel Prize, __5__for efforts on behalf of peace.

The__6__thing about these prizes is that they were started by a man who did a great deal to help the science of destruction. Alfred Nobel invented and__7__dynamite blasting gelatin and a new kind of detonator for explosives.

It may well be that having created such__8__explosives, Nobel felt a__9__to do something "noble" for the world. He was__10__in establishing peace, and a plan he thought would__11__war. By the way, besides being a__12__scientist, Nobel was also a poet. He thought that literature and science were the most important__13__in human progress.

When he died, Nobel left a__14__of $ 9,000,000. The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and the advancement of world ~e. The prizes__15__about $ 40,000 each, and were first awarded on December 10, 1901, the anniversary of Nobel's death. Up to now, many great people have won Nobel Prizes.

1. A) published B) revealed C) announced D) approved

2. A ) honor B) winners C) fames D) prizes

3. A) honor B) reputation C) fame D) prize

4.A) kinds B) fields C) types D) ranges

5. A) offered B) awarded C) provided D) rewarded

6. A) curious B) critical C) cautious D) casual

7. A ) patented B) debited C ) credited D) enjoyed

8. A) dying B) dead C) death D) deadly

9. A) need B) dependence C) demand D) request

10. A) dedicated B) assured C) interested D) contributed

11. A) cause B) reduce C) cancel D) prevent

12. A ) brilliant B) excellent C) outstanding D) prominent

13. A) members B) sectors C) portions D ) factors

14. A ) foundation B) reward C ) price D) fund

15. A) divided B)varied C) averaged D) amounted

Translation

1.关于薪水我没有什么可抱怨的,不过这里的工作环境远不尽如人意。(as to ,far from)

2.这项协议为该地区的持久和平铺平了道路。(pave the way to )

3.两国之间在平等互利的基础上建立了外交关系。(establish, mutual, diplomatic)

4.让我借此机会代表全家人向你表示衷心的感谢。（on behalf of）

5.你怎么能对身边的人所受的苦难如此的漠然呢？（be indifferent to）

6.我在一大早儿总是状态极为糟糕。（at one’s worst）

7.北京将主办2008年奥运会。（host）

8.很多工厂都已经用机器代替了人的体力劳动。（substitute---for）

9.从长远角度来看，购买高质量的商品是划算的。（in the long run）

10.在任何情况下我们都不能试图以牺牲个别人的利益为代价来满足自己的欲望。（on no account, seek to , at the expense of）

11.乍一看，那个问题似乎很难，但经过仔细思考，我们终于设计出了一个解决方案。（at first glance, work out）

12.很多教育家们认为当学生们对自身及自己的能力获得了自信的时候，他们就不大可能在考试中作弊了。（confidence, be likely to）

13.对他的话你别太认真，因为他无论说什么总是在开玩笑。（take…too seriously）

14.她把她的成功归功于运气好，可是谁能否认她比这里任何一个人都要辛苦得多这个事实呢？（attribute…to, deny）

15.美国人对诚实和豁达极为重视。（place emphasis on）

新视野大学英语一试卷

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