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Practise Questions

Practise Questions (Optional)

(Note: As additional materials, the quick answers are given and assist you to understand concepts and some calculations. You are encouraged to work out procedures by yourself. You should review that week lecture notes and text chapter/s.)

1. List three types of traders in futures, forward, and options markets

1.(i) .................

2.(ii) ................

3.(iii) ...............

1.hedgers, speculators, arbitrageurs

2. A trader buys 100 European call options with a strike price of $20 and a time to maturity of one year. The cost of each option is $2. The price of the underlying asset proves to be $25 in one year. What is the trader's gain or loss? ............

2. $300 gain

3. A one-year call option on a stock with a strike price of $30 costs $3; a one-year put option on the stock with a strike price of $30 costs $

4. Suppose that a trader buys two call options and one put option.

(i) What is the breakeven stock price, above which the trader makes a profit? ……….

(ii) What is the brea keven stock price below which the trader makes a profit? ……….

3. (i) $35; (ii) $20.

4. Which of the following is not true (circle one)

(a) Futures contracts nearly always last longer than forward contracts

(b) Futures contracts are standardized; forward contracts are not.

(c) Delivery or final cash settlement usually takes place with forward contracts; the same is not true of futures contracts.

(d) Forward contract usually have one specified delivery date; futures contract often have a range of delivery dates.

4. (a)

5. In the corn futures contract a number of different types of corn can be delivered (with price adjustments specified by the exchange) and there are a number of different delivery locations. Which of the following is true (circle one)

(a) This flexibility tends increase the futures price.

(b) This flexibility tends decrease the futures price.

(d) This has no effect on the futures price

5. (b);

6. A company enters into a short futures contract to sell 50,000 pounds of cotton for 70 cents per pound. The initial margin is $4,000 and the maintenance margin is $3,000. What is the futures price above which there will be a margin call? ………..

6. 72 cents;

7. A company enters into a long futures contract to buy 1,000 units of a commodity for $20 per unit. The initial margin is $6,000 and the maintenance margin is $4,000. What futures price will allow $2,000 to be withdrawn from the margin account? …………..

7. $22

8. Who determines when delivery will take place in a corn futures contract (circle one)

(a) The party with the long position

(b) The party with the short position

(d) The exchange specifies the exact delivery date.

8. (b);

9. Which of the following is true (circle one)

(a) Both forward and futures contracts are traded on exchanges.

(b) Forward contracts are traded on exchanges, but futures contracts are not.

(d) Neither futures contracts nor forward contracts are traded on exchanges.

9. (c)

10. On March 1 the spot price of a commodity is $20 and the July futures price is $19. On June 1 the spot price is $24 and the July futures price is $23.50. A company entered into a futures contracts on March 1 to hedge the purchase of the commodity on June 1. It closed out its position on June 1. What is the effective price paid by the company for the commodity? ……….

10. (a)

11. Suppose that the standard deviation of monthly changes in the price of commodity A is $2. The standard deviation of monthly changes in a futures price for a contract on commodity B (which is similar to commodity A) is $3. The correlation between the futures price and the commodity price is 0.9. What hedge ratio should be used when hedging a one month exposure to the price of commodity A? …………..

11. 0.6

12. Futures contracts trade with all delivery months. A company is hedging the purchase of the underlying asset on June 15. Which futures contract should it use (circle one)

(a) The June contract

(b) The July contract

(d) The August contract

12. (b);

13. A company has a $36 million portfolio with a beta of 1.2. The S&P index is currently standing at 900. Futures contracts on $250 times the index can be traded. What trade is necessary to achieve the following. (Indicate the number of contracts that should be traded and whether the position is long or short.)

(i) Eliminate all systematic risk in the portfolio …………

(ii) Reduce the beta to 0.9 …………..

(iii) Increase beta to 1.8 …………….

13. (i) 192 short; 48 short; 96 long

14. The spot price of an investment asset that provides no income is $30 and the risk-free rate for all maturities (with continuous compounding) is 10%. What is the three-year forward price? ………

14. $40.50

15. Repeat question 14 on the assumption that the asset provides an income of $2 at the end of the first year and at the end of the second year………..

15. $35.84

16. An exchange rate is 0.7000 and the six-month domestic and foreign risk-free interest rates are 5% and 7% (both expressed with continuous compounding). What is the six-month forward rate? …………

16. 0.6930

17. The spot price of an asset is positively correlated with the market. Which of the following would you expect to be true (circle one)

(a) The forward price equals the expected future spot price.

(b) The forward price is greater than the expected future spot price.

(d) The forward price is sometimes greater and sometimes less than the expected future spot price.

17. (c);

18. The one-year Canadian dollar forward exchange rate is quoted as 1.4000. What is the corresponding futures quote? ………………

18. 0.7143

19. Which of the following is a consumption asset (circle one)

(a) The S&P 500 index

(b) The Canadian dollar

(d) IBM shares

19. (c)

20. Consider an exchange traded put option to sell 100 shares for $20.

Give (a) the strike price and (b) the number of shares that can be sold after

(i) A 5 for 1 stock split (a) ………….(b) ……………

(ii) A 25% stock dividend (a) ……….. (b) ………….

(iii) A $5 cash dividend (a) ………. (b) ……………

20. (i) $4 and 500; (ii) $16 and 125; (iii) $20 and 100

21. Which of the following are always positively related to the price of a European call option on a stock (circle three)

(a) The stock price

(b) The strike price

(d) The volatility

(e) The risk-free rate

(f) The magnitude of dividends anticipated during the life of the option

21. (a), (d), and (e);

22. What is the lower bound for the price of a two-year European call option on a stock when the stock price is $20, the strike price is $15, and the risk-free interest rate is 5% and there are no dividends? ……

22. $6.43

23. What is the lower bound for the price of a six-month European put option on a stock when the stock price is $40, the strike price is $46 and the risk-free interest rate is

6%? …………

23. $4.64

24. A call and a put on a stock have the same strike price and time to maturity. At 10:00am on a certain day, the price of the call is $3 and the price of the put is $4. At 10:01am news reaches the market that has no affect on the stock price, but increases its volatility. As a result the price of the call changes to $4.50. What would you expect the price of the put to change to? ………….

24. $5.50.

25. A stock price is currently $100. Over each of the next two three-month periods it is expected to increase by 10% or fall by 10%. Consider a six-month European put option with a strike price of $95. The risk-free interest rate is 8% per annum

(i) What is the risk-neutral probability of a 10% rise in each quarter? ………………

(ii) What is the value of the option? ……………..

(iii) What is the value of the option if it is American? ………………

(iv) What is the value of the option if it is a call rather than a put? …………..

25. (i) 0.601; (ii) 2.14; (iii) 2.14; (iv) 10.87.

26. Consider a six month put option on a stock with a strike price of $32. The current stock price is $30 and over the next six months it is expected to rise to $36 or fall to $27. The risk-free interest rate is 6%.

(i) What is the risk-neutral probability of the stock rising to $36? ……………

(ii) What position in the stock is necessary to hedge a long position in 1 put

option? ……………

(iii) What is the value of the put option? …………

26. (i) 0.435; (ii) Long position in 0.556 shares; (iii) 2.74; 2.

27. For a call option on a non-dividend-paying stock, the stock price is $30, the strike price is $29, the risk-free interest rate is 6% per annum, the volatility is 20% per annum and the time to maturity is three months. Expressed in terms of the cumulative normal function, N(x),

(i) What is the price of the option? …………………………………………….

(ii) What is the price of the option if it is a put? …………………………….

27. (i) 30N(0.5390)?28.57N(0.4390);(ii) 28.57N(?0.4390)?30N(?0.5390)

28. A portfolio of derivatives on a stock has a delta of 2400 and a gamma of ?100.

(i) What position in the stock would create a delta-neutral portfolio?.....................

(ii) An option on the stock with a delta of 0.6 and a gamma of 0.04 can be traded. What position in the option and the stock creates a portfolio that is both gamma and delta neutral?.................

28. (i) Short 2,400; (ii) Long 2,500 options; Short 3,900 shares

29. The delta of a European call option on a non-dividend-paying stock is 0.6, its gamma is

0.04 and its vega is 0.1

(i) What is the delta of a European put option with the same strike price and time to maturity as the call option?....................

(ii) What is the gamma of a European put option with the same strike price and time to maturity as the call option?....................

(iii) What is the vega of a European put option with the same strike price and time to maturity as the call option?........................

29(i) ?0.4; (ii) 0.04; (iii) 0.1.

30. As time passes, the spot price and the futures price do not necessarily change by the same amount, a decrease in basis is referred to as?

(a) strengthening

b) improving

(d) none of the above

30 (c)

新标准大学英语综合教程第三单元reading_practise

The Internet is overwhelmingly a power for good. It provides cheap and easy access every moment of every day to a vast reservoir of information and entertainment and it is transforming the nature of commerce and government. However, with approximately one billion users worldwide accessing almost 75 million websites, there is bound to be some offensive, and even illegal, use of the net. There is a dark side to the Internet. It would be naive to deny it. Crime on the net takes many forms including hacking, viruses, fraud and so on. While the Washington State Attorney General's Office can help propose legislation to protect consumers against Internet crime and while we can fight Internet crime through our high-tech unit using the state's Consumer Protection Act, when it comes to other types of crimes, our efforts are limited by the office's lack of original criminal jurisdiction (司法权). If you are a victim of an Internet crime, we encourage you to contact IC3—The Internet Crime Complaint Center—a partnership between the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C). IC3's mission is to serve as a vehicle to receive, develop, and refer criminal complaints regarding the rapidly expanding arena of cyber crime. The IC3 gives the victims of cyber crime a convenient and easy-to-use reporting mechanism that alerts authorities of suspected criminal or civil violations. For law enforcement and regulatory agencies at the federal, state, local and international level, IC3 provides a central referral (参照) mechanism for complaints involving Internet related crimes. The IC3 has received complaints crossing the spectrum (围) of cyber crime matters, to include online fraud in its many forms including Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) matters, computer intrusions (hacking), economic espionage (theft of trade secrets), online extortion, international money laundering, identity theft, and a growing list of Internet facilitated crimes. 1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The Internet can provide a large amount of information. B. The Internet is controlled by the government.

“的、地、得”用法分析及练习(后附答案)

“的、地、得”用法分析及练习（后附答案）一、的、地、得用法分析： “的”后面跟的都是表示事物名称的词或词语，如：敬爱的总理、慈祥的老人、戴帽子的男孩、珍贵的教科书、鸟的天堂、伟大的祖国、有趣的情节、优雅的环境、可疑的情况、团结友爱的集体、他的妈妈、可爱的花儿、谁的橡皮、清清的河水...... “地”后面跟的都是表示动作的词或词语，如：高声地喊、愉快地唱、拼命地逃、疯狂地咒骂、严密地注视、一次又一次地握手、迅速地包围、沙沙地直响、斩钉截铁地说、从容不迫地申述、用力地踢、仔细地看、开心地笑笑......” “得”前面多数是表示动作的词或词语，少数是形容词；后面跟的都是形容事物状态的词或词语，表示怎么怎么样的，如：走得很快、踩得稀烂、疼得直叫唤、瘦得皮包骨头、红得发紫、气得双脚直跳、理解得十分深刻、乐得合不拢嘴、惊讶得目瞪口呆、大得很、扫得真干净、笑得多甜啊...... 二、的、地、得用法补充说明： 1、如果“de”的后面是“很、真、太”等这些词，十有八九用“得”。 2、有一种情况，如“他高兴得一蹦三尺高”这句话里，后面的“一蹦三尺高”虽然是表示动作的，但是它是来形容“高兴”的程度的，所以也应该用“得”。

三、的、地、得用法总结： 1、“的”前面的词语一般用来修饰、限制“的”后面的事物，说明“的”后面的事物怎么样。结构形式一般为：修饰、限制的词语+的+名词。 2、“地”前面的词语一般用来形容“地”后面的动作，说明“地”后面的动作怎么样。结构方式一般为：修饰、限制的词语+地+动词。 3、“得”后面的词语一般用来补充说明“得”前面的动作怎么样，结构形式一般为：动词（形容词）+得+补充、说明的词语。四、的、地、得用法例句： 1. 蔚蓝色的海洋，波涛汹涌，无边无际。 2. 向日葵在微风中向我们轻轻地点头微笑。 3. 小明在海安儿童公园玩得很开心。五、“的、地、得”的读音： “的、地、得”是现代汉语中高频度使用的三个结构助词，都起着连接作用；它们在普通话中都各自有着各自的不同的读音，但当他们附着在词，短语，句子的前面或后面，表示结构关系或某些附加意义的时候都读轻声“de”，没有语音上的区别。但在书面语中有必要写成三个不同的字，这样可以区分他们在书面语用法上的不同。这样做的好处，就是可使书面语言精确化。

practice 和 practise 的用法区别

英语中存在很多的单词因为拼写的一点差异而容易被误用，例如：advice 和advis，dependent 和 dependant等，还有 practice 与 practise，但是它们的区别与 advice 和 advise 的区别不一样。一、在美式英语中，practice 被用作名词和动词，而在英式英语中，practice 只能被用作名词，例如： practice 作名词，意为“实践；实际行动；通常的做法；惯例；常规；惯常做的事；习惯；习俗”，常用介词 in 连用为 in practice，例如： You need more practice. 你需要更多的实践。 It is common practice in the States to tip the hairdresser. 在美国给理发师小费是很普遍的做法。 What can European companies learn from Japanese business practices? 欧洲企业能从日本的商业实践中学到什么？ practice 作动词，意为“练习，实习，实行”，例如： I’m good at tennis but I need to practice my serve. 我网球打得很好，但我需要练习发球。 The firm has been practicing law for over a hundred years. 这家公司从事法律业务已有一百多年了。二、在英式英语中，practise 被用作动词，意为“练习，训练，经常做，从事”，例如： She's practising for her piano exam. 她在练习准备钢琴考试。 I've been practising my serve for weeks. 我练发球有好几周了。 Do you still practise your religion? 你还奉行你的宗教信仰吗？三、两者的区别在美式英语中，practice 被用作名词和动词，不用 practise，而在英式英语中，practise 被用作动词，而 practice 被用作名词，所以不管是美式英语还是英式英语，把 practice 当作名词用都是正确的，但是在英式英语中，只能用practise 当动词。

新标准大学英语综合教程第五单元reading-practise

There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-term and long-term goals. Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less or two weeks, or possible months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, our long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. Medium-term goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. They might deal with just one semester of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase. Long- term goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Yet life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1.Our long-term goals do not mean anything ________________. A. unless we complete our short-range goals B. unless we remember them all the time C. unless we write down the dates D. unless we put forward some plans 2.When we complete each step of our goals, ________________. A. we will win final success B. we are overwhelmed C. we will build up confidence of success D. we should have strong desire for setting new goals

专四练习5

Test Twenty Seven 近义词辨析 recall, remember, remind, recollect 这组词都有“(使…)想起”之意。 recall 意为“想起”，强调有意识地去“回忆，回想”，常与can, could等词连用，强调一次性回忆。 remember 表示“想起”，指事物自然地在记忆中出现，不强调努力或意志。 remind 表示“使…想起”，指人受到一定媒介的启发或提醒而慢慢地唤起对往事的记忆，常用在remind sb. of sth.的结构中。

recollect 意为“回想”，指把已经遗忘的事情重新想起，强调回忆过程。 I can’t recall having met him before.我记不起以前曾见到过他。 I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆了。 Your telling me that story reminds me of another.你给我讲的故事使我想起了另一个故事。 She thought back and tried to recollect the exact wording of the letter.她回忆着，试图回想起那封信的准确字眼。 shift, move, remove, transfer 这组词均含有“移动，转移”的意思。 shift 含有“轻易地更动”或出于不正当的动机把罪过“转”到他人身上的意思。

move 应用范围很广，其中主要意思是“从一处移到另一处”。 remove 意为“拿开，移动，消除”，强调离开原来的、正常的地方或职位等做一种新的、有时是暂时的安排或改变。该词还含有把不利的东西“取消”的意思。 transfer 意为“调动，移交”，强调从一处转到另一处。 It’s no use trying to shift the blame to anybody else.想把过错推到别人身上是没用的。 Please help me move the desk to the corner.请帮我把桌子搬到墙角。 The obstacle has been removed; the two countries continued their dialogue.障碍已经排除，两国又继续对话。 The head office of the company has been transferred to

标点符号用法分析

标点符号用法一、标点符号标点符号：辅助文字记录语言的符号，是书面语的有机组成部分，用来表示语句的停顿、语气以及标示某些成分（主要是词语）的特定性质和作用。句子：前后都有较大停顿、带有一定的语气和语调、表达相对完整意义的语言单位。复句：由两个或多个在意义上有密切关系的分句组成的语言单位，包括简单复句（内部只有一层语义关系）和多重复句（内部包含多层语义关系）。分句：复句内两个或多个前后有停顿、表达相对完整意义、不带有句末语气和语调、有的前面可添加关联词语的语言单位。陈述句：用来说明事实的句子。祈使句：用来要求听话人做某件事情的句子。疑问句：用来提出问题的句子。感叹句：用来抒发某种强烈感情的句子。词语：词和短语（词组）。词，即最小的能独立运用的语言单位。短语，即由两个或两个以上的词按一定的语法规则组成的表达一定意义的语言单位，也叫词组。二、分类标点符号分为点号和标号两大类。

点号的作用是点断，主要表示说话时的停顿和语气。点号又分为句末点号和句内点号。句末点号用在句末，表示句末停顿和句子的语气，包括句号、问号、叹号。句内点号用在句内，表示句内各种不同性质的停顿，有逗号、顿号、分号、冒号。标号的作用是标明，主要标示某些成分（主要是词语）的特定性质和作用。包括引号、括号、破折号、省略号、着重号、连接号、间隔号、书名号、专名号、分隔号。（一）句号 1.用于句子末尾，表示陈述语气。使用句号主要根据语段前后有较大停顿、带有陈述语气和语调，并不取决于句子的长短。 2.有时也可表示较缓和的祈使语气和感叹语气。请您稍等一下。我不由地感到，这些普通劳动者也是同样值得尊敬的。（二）问号主要表示句子的疑问语气。形式是“？”。 1.用于句子末尾，表示疑问语气（包括反问、设问等疑问类型）。使用问号主要根据语段前后有较大停顿、带有疑问语气和语调，并不取决于句子的长短。 2.选择问句中，通常只在最后一个选项的末尾用问号，各个选项之间一般用逗号隔开。当选项较短且选项之间几乎没有停顿时，选项之间可不用逗号。当选项较多或较长，或有意突出每个选项的独立性时，也可每个选项之后都用问号。 3.问号也有标号的用法，即用于句内，表示存疑或不详。马致远（1250？―1321）。使用问号应以句子表示疑问语气为依据，而并不根据句子中包含有疑问词。当含有疑问词的语段充当某种句子成分，而句子并不表示疑问语气时，句末不用问号。

practise和practice的区别二者有什么不同

practise和practice的区别其实非常小，但是正因为两个单词的区别很小，所以有很多同学都不明白二者有什么不同，下面就让小编来告诉大家吧。 practise和practice的不同应用范围不同，practice比practise的应用范围广。practice有两种词性，既能做动词使用，也能做名词使用。例句： practice speaking English.练习说英语;do some practice.做一些练习。 practise只有动词词性，用法和意思与practice相同。例句：practise speaking English.练习说英语。 practise造句 Lauren practises the piano every day. 劳伦每天练习钢琴。 Acupuncture was practised in China as long ago as the third millennium BC. 中国早在公元前3,000年就已开始采用针灸疗法。 There are consistent reports of electrical torture being practised on inmates. 一直有报道称犯人被施以电刑。 In Belgium only qualified doctors may practise alternative medicine. 在比利时只有资质合格的医生才能从事非传统医学工作。

When she wanted to get something right, she would practise and practise and practise. 她想做好一件事的时候，就会练习、练习、再练习。 practice造句 Some firms have cut workers 'pay below the level set in their contract, a practice that is illegal in Germany. 一些公司把工人薪水减至低于合同规定的水平，这种做法在德国是非法的。 She was taking all three of her daughters to basketball practice every day. 她每天都带3个女儿进行篮球训练。 I eventually realized I had to change my attitude toward medical practice. 我终于认识到自己不得不改变对医务工作的看法。 The new doctor's practice was miles away from where I lived. 新开的诊所离我住的地方有几英里远。 In practice, workers do not work to satisfy their needs. 事实上，工人工作并不是为了满足本身的需要。 It is normal practice not to reveal details of a patient's condition. 不透露患者病情的细节是惯常的做法。

定语从句用法分析

定语从句用法分析定语从句在整个句子中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 eg. The boys who are planting trees on the hill are middle school students 先行词定语从句 #1 关系词：关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as (句子中缺主要成份:主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补语)，关系副词：when, where, why （句子中缺次要成份：状语）。 #2 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。 1）who, whom, that 指代人，在从句中作主语、宾语。 eg. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） ^ He is the man who/whom/ that I saw yesterday.（who/whom/that在从句中作宾语） ^ 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。eg. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. = the cover of which/of which the cover is green. 3）which, that指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 eg. The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. ^ （which / that在从句中作宾语,可省略）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 eg. Is he the man who want s to see you? #3.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句，代替先行词（时间、地点或理由），并在从句中作状语。 eg. Two years ago, I was taken to the village where I was born. Do you know the day when they arrived? The reason why he refused is that he was too busy. 注意： 1）关系副词常常和"介词+ which"结构互换 eg. There are occasions when （on which）one must yield (屈服). Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer? * 2）在非正式文体中，that代替关系副词或"介词+ which"，放在时间、地点、理由的名词，在口语中that常被省略。 eg. His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born. He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.

练字 practise calligraphy

练字practise calligraphy 今年一放暑假，妈妈就给我报了练字班。 As soon as the summer vacation is over this year, my mother reports to me for a calligraphy class. 去练字班的第一天，我随便找了一个座位坐下来。然后，老师说：同学们，大家今天是第一次来，大家要互相关照，不要吵架、打骂。记住了吗？大家异口同声的回答：知道了。于是，老师布置了今天的作业，便说：作业写完了，拿来老师跟前，让老师检查作业。嗯。我们说。我写完了作业，拿到老师跟前，老师看了看，说：你写的字太大了；而且横都往下面斜。以后要注意写的字都再小一圈，横往上斜五度。我说：知道了，我会注意这些问题的。 On the first day of the class, I found a seat to sit down. Then, the teacher said: students, today is the first time for us to come. We should take care of each other and not quarrel or scold. Remember? Everyone said in unison, I see. So, the teacher assigned todays homework, then said: the homework has been finished, bring the teacher to the front, let the teacher check the homework. Well. We said. After I finished my

comparison的用法解析大全

comparison的用法解析大全 comparison的意思是比较，比喻，下面我把它的相关知识点整理给大家，希望你们会喜欢！释义 comparison n. 比较;对照;比喻;比较关系 [ 复数 comparisons ] 词组短语 comparison with 与…相比 in comparison adj. 相比之下;与……比较 in comparison with 与…比较，同…比较起来 by comparison 相比之下，比较起来 comparison method 比较法 make a comparison 进行比较 comparison test 比较检验 comparison theorem 比较定理 beyond comparison adv. 无以伦比 comparison table 对照表 comparison shopping 比较购物;采购条件的比较调查 paired comp arison 成对比较同根词词根： comparing adj. comparative 比较的;相当的 comparable 可比较的;比得上的 adv. comparatively 比较地;相当地 comparably 同等地;可比较地 n.

comparative 比较级;对手 comparing 比较 comparability 相似性;可比较性 v. comparing 比较;对照(compare的ing形式) 双语例句 He liked the comparison. 他喜欢这个比喻。 There is no comparison between the two. 二者不能相比。 Your conclusion is wrong in comparison with their conclusion. 你们的结论与他们的相比是错误的。 comparison的用法解析大全相关文章： 1.by的用法总结大全

基于语料库的“人家”用法分析

基于语料库的“人家”用法分析 “人家”是北方方言中口语化的指称代词，语义非常丰富。不同的指称用法蕴含说话人不同的情感态度，如称羡讽刺、同情自怜，从而达到不同的语用效果，即语用移情或语用离情的效果。本文借助于语料库，为分析“人家”的用法及语用效果提供了科学的支撑和有力的支持。标签：“人家” 语用效果语用功能一、引言 “人家”既可以用作旁指代词，虚指除自己以外的“别人”，又可以用作第三人称代词，实指“他”或“他们”，也可以和“人家”后面的名词性成分构成同位语，有复指的用法。此外，“人家”还可以用来指称自己或是听话人“你”或“您”。“人家”有如此丰富的指称用法蕴含了说话人怎样的情感态度？本文从语用学的角度，借助语料库这一工具对“人家”一词的用法进行具体分析。（一）研究内容本文要探讨的问题如下：1.“人家”的具体用法有哪些？哪些常用，哪些不常用？2.“人家”在不同的语境、不同的用法中主要表达说话人怎样的情感态度？ 3.“人家”在使用中语用移情功能多还是语用离情功能多？笔者认为，“人家”不同指称义的使用，直接体现着言者对不同人际关系的评判，蕴含着言者不同的情感态度。过去对“人家”的研究主要集中在句法层面和语义层面，从语用层面进行分析研究的相对匮乏，并且大多只是从少量例子出发，作出概括分析，带有强烈的主观色彩。因此借用语料库这一工具，对“人家”的用法及语用效果进行科学客观的分析，是本文的根本出发点。（二）研究方法本文首先利用国家语委现代汉语平衡语料库检索出1794个包含“人家”的语料。其次，利用Concordance Sampler抽样软件，抽取出500个样本逐个进行分析，剔除不符合条件的名词用法，剩余404个“人家”作代词的语料。再次，通过人工标记的方法，按照指称对象的不同，对“人家”的用法进行分类。最后，由于“人家”的基本义“别人”使用时比较客观，不带感情色彩，因而笔者对“人家”其余四种用法的166个语料一一分析了其表达的说话人的情感倾向，进而分析其语用表达效果。二、“人家”的用法分析 “人家”的归属问题，历来备受争议。本文综合各家之言，将“人家”的用法分为5类：1.旁指；2.复指；3.第一人称；4.第二人称；5.第三人称。通过对所得语

JAVA练习题含答案-answers to practise 1

Chapter 1 Getting Started Multiple Choice 1)Java is an object-oriented programming language. An object-oriented language (a)Uses structured programming. (b)Views a program as consisting of objects which communicate through interactions. (c)Functionally breaks down problems into smaller, more manageable problems. (d)All of the above. Answer:B (see page 3) 2)In Java, the equal sign is used as the ___________ operator. (a)increment (b)decrement (c)assignment (d)negation Answer:C (see page 7) 3)In Java, source code is compiled into object code called ______________. (a)Bit-code (b)Class code (c)Method code (d)Byte-code Answer:D (see page 9) 4)The hardest kind of error to detect in a computer program is a: (a)Syntax error (b)Run-time error (c)Logic error (d)All of the above Answer:C (see page 12) 1

虚词“了”的用法分析

虚词“了”的用法分析摘要：现代汉语中，虚词“了（le）”不论是在口语中，还是书面语中，使用频率都比较高。虚词“了”有两个，语气词“了”和助词“了”。两者字形、读音相同，但具体用法和语法作用却不相同。关键字: 虚词“了”、语气词、助词、具体用法、语法作用正文：注意：语气词“了”和助词“了”可同在句末。且都在句子末尾，可能是助词“了”，也有可能是语气词“了”，但意思有区别。如：她写了。（“了”若是语气词，则表示动作在进行，若“了”是助词，则表示动作已经完成）一、助词“了”。 1.紧跟在动词之后，表示动作的完成。如:1)王春生从来没有忘了他爹的惨死跟妈的眼泪。（周立波《暴风骤雨》） 2）还没有等到发榜，全国高校统考开始了，我当然还应该参1《谈谈句末的“了”》张兰英-《东岳丛林》-2005

加。（余秋雨《霜冷长河》）也可以表示将要发生的事情或假设可能发生的事情的完成。如：跟他们谈话就是我的工作，你要有什么话等我闲了再谈吧。（《赵树理选集》） 2.如果动词之后紧跟着另外一个动词或形容词作补语时，“了”就放在了补语之后。如:1) "祥哥！"她往前凑了凑，"我把东西都收拾好了。"（老舍《骆驼祥子》） 2）他决定去拉车，就拉车去了。（老舍《骆驼祥子》） 3) 整整的三年，他凑足了一百块钱！（老舍《骆驼祥子》） 3. “了”放在由两个动词构成的并列词组后面（表示两个动词同时或者连续完成）。如：这项政策的实施进一步巩固和加强了海内外中华儿女大团结。 4. 连谓句、兼语句中，助词“了”一般用在后一动词之后2。如：她找我借了两本书。连谓句强调前一动作完成后才开始后一动作时，兼语句前一动作完成时，助词“了”可在前一动词后。如：临时组织了一些人去支援五车间。 5. 有些动词后面的助词“了”表示动作有了结果，即加在动词后面的“掉”很相似。这类动词有：泼、扔、放、碰、砸、捧、磕、撞、踩、伤、杀、宰、切、冲、卖、还、毁、忘、丢、关、喝、吃、咽、吞、涂、抹、擦等。这个意义的“了”可以用在命令句和‘把’字句。2吕叔湘《现代汉语八百词》（1981商务印书馆）第315页。

机械原理Practise2

2-11如图所示为一简易冲床的初拟设计方案。设计者的思路是：动力由齿轮1输人，使轴A连续回转；而固装在轴A上的凸轮2与杠杆3组成的凸轮机构将使冲头4上下运动以达到冲压的目的。试绘出其机构运动简图．分析其是否能实现设计意图?并提出修改方案。题2-11图解：机构运动简图如下：

此设计方案简图是不合理的。因按此设计方案图，其自由度为0： )0 1 4 2( 3 3 ) 2( 3 = - - + ? - ? = ' - ' - + - =F p p p n F h l 即不能动。可将机构简图修改为如下方案之一：方案1

方案2 方案 3

2-13 图示为一新型偏心轮滑阀式真空泵。其偏心轮1绕固定轴心A 转动，与外环2固连在一起的滑阀3可绕固定轴心C 转动的圆柱4中滑动。当偏心轮1按图示方向连续回转时，可将设备中的空气吸入，并将空气从阀5中排出，从而形成真空。试绘制其机构运动简图，并计算其自由度。题2-13图解：机构运动简图：自由度计算： 1 0-)0-042(-33-)-2(-3=+××= ′+=F p p p n F h l

2-14 图示是为高位截肢的人所设计的一种假肢膝关节机构。该机构能保持人行走的稳定性。若以胫骨1为机架，试绘制其机构运动简图，计算其自由度，并作出大腿弯曲时的机构运动简图。解：机构运动简图如下：自由度计算： 1 0-)0-072(-53-)-2(-3=+??=''+=F p p p n F h l

2-17图a、d为齿轮-连杆组合机构；图b为凸轮-连杆组合机构（图中D处为铰接在一起的两个滑块）；图c为一精压机构；图e为一楔块机构；图f为一齿轮系机构。试计算图示各机构的自由度，并问在图d所示机构中，齿轮3、5和齿条7与齿轮5的啮合高副所提供的约束数目是否相同，为什么？

“是”的用法分析

“是”的用法分析序言 “是”的一些用法在古代有，但是现代已经不用或使用频率很低，还有些现代才出现，古时候没有。现代汉语中“是”在书面语和口语中出现的频率也是比较高的，但目前相关研究有的从“是”的词性分析有的从语法成份方面分析。为了尽量全面深入的了解并应用“是”，从而正确熟练的使用，使我们所学理论更好的联系实际应用，所以有必要对“是”的用法进行分析。第一章：“是”的词性分析汉语中，词性往往决定了一个字或词的用法与含义。所以我们首先从词性角度对“是”进行研究，从而分析它的用法。一：“是”作形容词。（一）：表示对的，正确的。例如： 1：陶渊明《归去来兮辞》中：“实迷途其未远,觉今是而昨非”。（实在是误入迷途还不算太远，已经觉悟到现在是对的而过去是错的。） 2：斗争历史短的, 可以因其短而不负责; 斗争历史长的, 可以因其长而自以为是。对于诸如此类的东西, 如果没有自觉性, 那它们就会成为负担或包袱。(《毛泽东选集》第901页) （二）：表示概括，凡是，任何。比如： 1：“是个有良知的人都会这么做”。 2：“是学生就要用心学习。” 二：“是”作代词。表示此这。例如 1：林嗣环《口技》中“当是时，妇手拍儿声，口中呜声，儿含乳啼声，大儿初醒声，夫叱大儿声，一时齐发，众妙毕备”（这时候，妇人用手拍孩子的声音，口中呜呜哼唱的声音，小孩子含着乳头啼哭的声音，大孩刚刚醒来的声音，丈夫大声呵斥大孩子的声音，同时都响了起来，各种声音都表演得惟妙惟肖）。中的是可以解释为此或这的意思。 2：明朝张岱的代表作《湖心亭看雪》中：“是日更定，余拿一小舟，拥毳衣炉火，独往湖心亭看雪。”（这一天初更以后，我乘着一只小船，穿着毛皮衣，带着火炉，独自前往湖心亭欣赏雪景。）三：“是”作名词。（一）：表示特定组织的事物或业务。比如范晔的《后汉书?桓谭冯衍列传》中“君臣不合,则国是无从定矣”。 “国事”与“国是”是近义同音词，二者都是名词，都指国家的政务、政事。但二者同中有异：

practise的用法和短语例句

practise的用法和短语例句 practise有练习;实践;实行;开业等意思，那么你知道practise的用法吗?下面跟着一起来学习一下，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! practise的用法： practise的用法1：practise的基本意思是“练习,实习”,即为达到熟练或完美而反复进行某动作,也可表示习惯性或经常性地做或进行某活动。引申可表示“从事某行业”“养成某种习惯”。 practise的用法2：practise既可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接名词、代词、动名词或疑问词从句作宾语。可用于被动结构。 practise的用法3：practise是英式拼法，美式拼法为practice。 practise的用法4：在英式英语中, practice是名词, practise是动词; 在美式英语中, practice既可用作名词又可用作动词,而practise用得较少。 practise的常用短语： practise in (v.+prep.) practise on〔upon〕(v.+prep.) practise的用法例句： 1. To improve hand-eye co-ordination, practise throwing and catching balls.

要想提高手眼协调能力，就练习投球和接球。 2. They righteously maintain that they do not practise rationing. 他们一本正经地坚称不实行定量配给制度。 3. In Belgium only qualified doctors may practise alternative medicine. 在比利时只有资质合格的医生才能从事非传统医学工作。 4. He ought to practise what he preaches. 他应该以身作则。 5. The ways in which solicitors practise are varied. 事务律师的从业方式是多种多样的。 6. Practise throwing a ball underarm. 练习低手投球。 7. To this day young Zulu boys practise fighting. 直到现在年轻的祖鲁男孩还练习格斗。 8. Jews and Moslems practise circumcision for religious reasons. 犹太教徒和穆斯林教徒因宗教原因施行割礼。 9. We must practise the strictest frugality and economy. 我们必须实行最严格意义上的俭省节约。 10. You need to practise every day. 你需要每天练习。