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应试考试的听力部分是一个巨大的挑战。众所周知，应试听力的练习，需要对历年真题进行反复精听，也就是常说的“挺烂磁带”。笔者根据多年的应试考试培训经验，介绍一种在较短时间内，攻克应试听力的方法——五步精听法。此方法针对一切英美听力考试，并且在练习过程中帮助考生听说共同促进。

第一步：看完题目，认真听完

看完题目：按照题目设计要求“预读”题干或选项。多数听力考试在预读题目这一部分都会有明确的“时间限制”，考生在练习是尽量不要“超时”。这实际上是考查考生的快速阅读能力，或是跳读查读能力。考生在练习中，应给自己在实战中的应试压力，越贴近实战，练习效果越好。

认真听完：预读完题目后，在中途不被干扰的情况下，播放听力材料，将题目认真做完。题目做完后，不要马上核对答案，做以下处理：1. 若感觉不好，进入“第二步”；2. 若感觉好，进入“第三步”。所谓“感觉”即，是否都听出来的还是盲目地猜测或“蒙”，是否有核对答案的勇气。

第二步：再听一遍，选出答案

考生若感觉不好，说明题目较难，不宜马上核对答案，否则题目测试的价值就不大了。所以，可以再按照题目的要求，再听一遍，选出答案。这一步的必要性在于，再给自己一次机会，这套题仍然具有测试的价值。因为真题题目有限，要珍惜每一套题。

第三步：对答案，将答案分三类

1 对题

2 错题

3 蒙对的题目

错题需要重视，这一点毋庸置疑。但是，最容易忽视的是第三类---蒙对的题目。练习中，考生很对这一类题目抱乐观心态，认为“蒙对的题目”就是自己听懂而做对的题目。其实，真正到了考试的时候，就不一定“蒙对”了。所以，要将蒙对的题目当成错题一样处理。

第四步：反复精听，整理Notes

1. 精听三遍

2. 浏览原文

3. 精听三遍

4. 精读原文，整理Notes

5. 将Notes朗读或背诵

1. 精听三遍：这是对完答案之后的第一次精听练习，目的在于：一是将“对题”再感受一下，看是否依然能够做对；二是将“错题”和“蒙对的题目”再认真听一下，看能不能听懂把题目做出来。

2. 浏览原文：精听三遍后，若依然不知所云，可以将听力原文迅速浏览。浏览就是快速阅读，视觉接受信息的能力比听觉敏感，所以这样做可以“看懂”一些之前听不懂的信息。

3. 精听三遍：由于之前的浏览或快速阅读只建立了对信息的模糊印象，所以材料依然具有很大的练习价值。再次精听若干遍，又可以通过耳朵听出一些信息。

4. 精读原文，整理Notes：关键是Notes是什么？Notes就是那些通过听甚至是通过阅读都不能理解、难以理解、形成误解的语言片段。（Something NOT, LESS, and MIS understood through LISTENING & even READING）

urgent business 紧急事务多数人能听到business，但若听不到urgent，business很可能错误理解成“某种业务”

second best-seller 其次畅销的产品多数人能听到second，却对best-seller不知所云，可能错误理解成“卖家”

an inexpensive price 一个便宜的价格Expenseive是多数人可以听到的，但是听不到in的话，信息把握就完全相反了。

如果对上述语言片段不能充分理解的话，那么就不可能理解下面的句子了。

I’ve been called away on urgent business.

MusicMate has been our second best-seller, with a reputation based on quality design at an inexpensive price.

5. 将Notes朗读或背诵：听力学习不能“只听”，要采用“有声复习”，就是边听边读，先听后读，读完再听。以上总结的Notes可以说是在听力方面考生语言的盲点，最低标准是朗读并熟练，最好能背诵并脱口而出。这样，口语和听力可以在练习中共同促进了。

第五步：“裸听”N遍

所谓的“裸听”，就是不用开题目，将材料反复精听，也就是人们常说的“磨耳朵”。它不同于“泛听”，前提是已经消灭了材料中的一切语言盲点，而后者只了解其大意，而不知细节。按照以上方法对真题进行精听练习，步步为营，假以时日，考生应试听力能力会稳步提高

mini lecture 是一个将听力和做笔记填空结合的考试项目。该项目是一个900字左右的讲座，考生边听边做笔记，然后完成填空练习。听讲座记笔记是学生学习生活中不可缺少的环节，这一题型正是考查学生根据听力材料做笔记并整理笔记完成工作的能力。该项目实际上分为理解、找出要点、笔录和填空等步骤。值得注意的是考试中考生所须填空的单词或词组均是有关讲座内容的实词，而不是语法功能词，因为该项目的目的是考查考生对讲座内容的理解。

在平时训练时可选择听一些就某一问题进行探讨、有一定深度的录音材料，一边听一边就重要情节做笔记，然后根据笔记写出一篇摘要。如果能成功地做到这一点，就无须担心考试中的这一项目，因为考试中用于填空的文字材料也就是基于听力录音的一篇内容提要。

笔记填空是较为复杂的听力测试项目，有其自身特点，掌握这些特点对考生大有好处。该部分录音通常是一篇具有较强逻辑性的篇章，从几个方面论证或叙述一个问题。因为考生须填空的词或词组是基于整个问题要点及其重要细节的实词，所以考生在做笔记时应重点关注这些内容，而非繁文缛节。举个例子，如果录音中出现了关于一个问题的三四个例证，如为了说明fast food而列举了Kentucky Fried Chicken, McDonald's, Pizza Hut等等，考生最多记住一两个即可。另外，用于填空的词或词组不一定非得是录音中出现的词或词组，凡是在语义上与原文一致且语法上与填空短文相适应的单词或词组均可。

填空时，考生一定要注意所填内容的词性准确无误。我们发现，有的考生能找出一个相应的词或词组，但不是很注意词性，因为该填动词的地方一定要填动词，如不能用intense 来代替intensify。另外，倘若所填单词在句首，该单词首字母要大写。

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