人教版高中英语选修八Unit1知识点梳理(原创)

英语选修八U1

词汇

单词

△California 加利福尼亚（州）——→△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人

△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明

★ 说明性

◆ an illustrated textbook 有插图的课本

illustrate sth with sth

◆ His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition. 他在演讲中使

用了探险时拍摄的照片。

★ to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, etc.（用示

例、图画等）说明，解释

◆ To illustrate my point,let me tell you a little story.为了说明我的观点，让我来

给你们讲个小故事。

◆ Last year's sales figures are illustrated in Figure 2. 图 2 显示了去年的销售数字。

★illustrate how, what, etc…

◆ Here's an example to illustrate what I mean. 这儿有个例子可以说明我的意思。

◆ The incident illustrates the need for better security measures.这次事件说明

了加强安全措施的必要。

★ illustrate that…表明…真实；显示…存在（to show that sth is true or that

a situation exists ）

拓展

Referring to a chart, graph or table 描述图或表

■ This bar chart ILLUSTRATES how many journeys people made on

public transport over a three-month period.

这个柱状图显示三个月期间人们乘坐公共交通往来的次数。

■ This table COMPARES bus, train, and taxi use between April and June.

这个表比较了四月至六月公交车、火车和出租车的使用情况。

■ The results ARE SHOWN in the chart below.

结果显示在下面的图表中。

■ In this pie chart, the survey results ARE BROKEN DOWN by age.

在这个饼分图中，调查结果按年龄划分。

■ This pie chart BREAKS DOWN the survey results by age.这个饼分图按年龄对调查结果进行分类。

■ AS CAN BE SEEN FROM these results, younger people use buses

more than older people.

从结果可以看出，年轻人比老年人乘坐公交车的频率更高。

■ ACCORDING TO these figures, bus travel accounts for 60% of public

transport use.

从这些数字看，乘坐公交车出行占公共交通使用率的60%。

■ FROM the data in the above graph, IT IS APPARENT THAT buses are the most widely used form of public transport.

从上图的数据明显看出：公交车是公共交通中使用最广泛的类型。

distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的——→distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著

1. easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc. 清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的

◆ There was a distinct smell of gas.

有一股明显的煤气味。

◆ His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.

他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。

2 .clearly di?erent or of a di?erent kind 截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类的

◆ The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.

调查结果分为截然不同的两组。

★distinct from sth

◆ Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues.牙买加的雷盖音乐完全不同于北美的爵士乐或布鲁斯音乐。

◆ rural areas, as distinct from major cities

完全不同于大城市的农村地区

3 [only before noun ] used to emphasize that you think an idea or situation

definitely exists and is important 确定无疑的；确实的；确切的

◆ Being tall gave Tony a distinct advantage.

托尼个子高是个明显的优势。

◆ I had the distinct impression I was being watched.

我确实感到有人在监视我。

◆ A strike is now a distinct possibility.

目前罢工确有可能发生。

? dis·tinct·ly

◆ I distinctly heard someone calling me. 我清楚地听到有人在叫我。

◆ a distinctly Australian accent 明显的澳大利亚口音

◆ He could remember everything very distinctly . 他什么事都能记得清清楚楚。

△immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）——→immigration n. 移民；移居入境—

—→△immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民

★immigrate(to…)\ (from…)

to come and live permanently in a country a er leaving your own country （从外地）移居；移民

比较

emigrate (from…)\ (to…)

to leave your own country to go and live permanently in another country 移居国

外；移民

strait n. 海峡

生义

a very di?icult situation especially because of lack of money （尤指经济拮据引

起的）困境，境况窘迫

◆ The factory is in dire straits. 工厂岌岌可危。

◆ She found herself in desperate financial straits. 她发觉自己经济状况极为窘

迫。

△Bering 白令海峡

Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的

the Arctic 北极

means n. 手段；方法

★ [countable ] means(of sth/of doing sth)

1.an action, an object or a system by which a result is achieved; a way of

achieving or doing sth 方式；方法；途径

◆ Television is an e?ective means of communication.

电视是一种有效的传播途径。

◆ Is there any means of contacting him?

有没有什么办法和他取得联系？

◆ We needed to get to London but we had no means of transport.

我们需要去伦敦，但却没有任何交通工具。

2 [plural ] the money that a person has 财富；钱财

◆ People should pay according to their means.

人们应该按照各自的负担能力来消费。

◆ He doesn't have the means to support a wife and child.

他无钱养活妻小。

◆ Private school fees are beyond the means of most people (= more than they can a?ord).

私立学校的费用是大多数人无力支付的。

◆ Are the monthly repayments within your means (= can you a?ord them)?

这样按月还钱，你负担得了吗？

◆ Try to live within your means (= not spend more money than you have).

要尽可能量入为出。

◆ a man of means (= a rich man) 有钱人

IDIOMS

★by ?all means

used to say that you are very willing for sb to have sth or do sth 可以；当然行；没问题

◆?Do you mind if I have a look?? ?By all means.?

“我看一眼行吗？”“当然可以。”

★ by means of sth

( formal) with the help of sth 借助…手段；依靠…方法

◆ The load was lied by means of a crane.

重物是用起重机吊起来的。

★by no means | not by any means

not at all 决不；一点也不

◆ She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.

她绝不是个毫无经验的教师。

◆ We haven't won yet, not by any means.

我们离成功还远着呢。

★ a means to an end

a thing or action that is not interesting or important in itself but is a way of

achieving sth else （本身并不重要或有趣的）达到目的的手段

◆ He doesn't particularly like the work but he sees it as a means to an end.

他不怎么喜欢这项工作，只是把它看作达到目的的手段而已。

△prehistoric adj. 史前的

majority n. 大多数；大半

ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责

Catholic adj. 天主教的

n. 天主教徒

△Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州）

△San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山）△adventurer n. 冒险家

△despite prep. 尽管；不管

1 used to show that sth happened or is true although sth else might have

happened to prevent it 即使；尽管

◆ Her voice was shaking despite all her e?orts to control it.

尽管她竭尽全力控制自己，声音仍然在颤抖。

◆ Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.

尽管他申请了数百个工作，但仍然在失业中。

◆ She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.

尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。

2 despite yourself used to show that sb did not intend to do the thing mentioned 尽

管（自己）不愿意

◆ He had to laugh despite himself. #续写

他不想笑，但还是忍不住笑了出来。#续写

★ in spite of

hardship n. 苦难；困苦

elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人

VERB

1 to choose sb to do a particular job by voting for them 选举；推选

◆ an elected assembly/leader/representative 选出的议会╱领导人╱代表

◆ the newly elected government 新选的政府

◆ She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.

她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。

★ elect sb/sth

★elect sb to sth

★elect sb (as) sth | elect sb + noun

◆ He was elected (as) MP for Oxford East.

他被选为牛津东区的议员。

2 ( formal) to choose to do sth 选择，决定（做某事）

★ elect to do sth

◆ Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays.

现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。

ADJECTIVE

1 used aer nouns to show that sb has been chosen for a job, but is not yet

doing that job （用于名词后）当选而尚未就职的，候任的

◆ the president elect 候任总统

federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的

rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条

percentage n. 百分比；百分率

△Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶

Italy n. 意大利

Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语adj. 意大利人的；意大利语的

Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）

△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业

boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期

NOUN

in business/economy 商业；经济

1 a sudden increase in trade and economic activity; a period of wealth and success

（贸易和经济活动的）激增，繁荣

◆ Living standards improved rapidly during the post-war boom.

在战后那段繁荣昌盛的时期里，生活水平得到了迅速提高。

◆ Business is booming!

生意兴隆！

★ boom in sth

◆ a boom in car sales 汽车销售额的巨增

◆ a boom year(for trade, exports, etc.) （贸易、出口等）兴盛的一年

◆ a property/housing boom 房地产╱住房的迅速发展

◆ a chaotic period of boom and bust

经济繁荣与经济萧条交替出现的混乱时期

n. ? see also baby boom 婴儿潮

2 popular period 风靡期

◆ The only way to satisfy the golf boom was to build more courses.

满足这场高尔夫球热的唯一途径是增建球场。

4 [usually singular ] a loud deep sound 深沉的响声

◆ the distant boom of the guns 远处隆隆的炮声

?see also sonic boom音爆，声震

VERB

1 [intransitive ] to make a loud deep sound 轰鸣；轰响

◆ Outside, thunder boomed and crashed.

外面雷声隆隆，霹雳炸响。

2 [transitive , intransitive ] to say sth in a loud deep voice 以低沉有力的声音说话

+ speech

◆ ?Get out of my sight!? he boomed. “别让我再见到你！”#续

写他低沉而有力地说。#续写

boom (out)

◆ A voice boomed out from the darkness. #续写

黑暗中传来低沉有力的嗓音。#续写

◆ He had a booming voice. 他的嗓音低沉洪亮。

aircra n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机

△Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语

Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜

Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语adj. 韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦

Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的n. 巴基斯坦人

racial adj. 人种的；种族的

crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道

vice n. & adj. 代理；副职

nephew n. 侄子；外甥

pole n. 地极；电极；磁极

applicant n. 申请人

★ applicant for sth

a person who makes a formal request for sth (= applies for it), especially for a

job, a place at a college or university, etc.

申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）

◆ There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有 500 多人申请这份工作。customs n. 海关；关税；进口税

★to pay customs on sth为某物缴纳关

税◆ customs duty/duties 进口税

socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人adj. 社会主义者的

socialism n. 社会主义

occur vi. 发生；出现

1 [intransitive ] ( formal) to happen 发生；出现

◆ When exactly did the incident occur?

这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？

◆ Something unexpected occurred.

发生了一件出乎意料的事。

2 [intransitive ] + adv./prep. to exist or be found somewhere 存在于；出现在

◆ Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.

水果天然含糖分。

PHRASAL VERB

★ occur to sb

(of an idea or a thought 观念或想法 ) to come into your mind 被想到；出现在头脑中

◆ The idea occurred to him in a dream. #续写

这个主意是他在梦中想到的。#续写

★ occur to do sth

◆ It didn't occur to her to ask for help.

她没想到请别人帮忙。

cattle n. 牛（总称）

a herd of cattle 一群牛

twenty head of cattle (= twenty cows) 二十头

牛△Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人

indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示

1 [transitive , intransitive ] to show that sth is true or exists 表明；标示；显示

★ indicate sth

◆ Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy.

零售市场上有史以来的最高利润显示出经济的突飞猛进。

★ indicate that…

◆ Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.

研究显示，饮食习惯正迅速改变。

◆ Kingston-upon-Thames, as the name indicates, is situated on the banks

of the Thames.

泰晤士河畔金斯顿区，正如其名称所示，位于泰晤士河畔。

★ indicate how, what etc…

◆ Our results indicate how misleading it could be to rely on this method.

我们的结果表明，依赖这种方法可能产生多么严重的误导。

2 [transitive ] to be a sign of sth; to show that sth is possible or likely 象征；暗示

◆ A red sky at night oen indicates fine weather the next day.

夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。

◆ Early results indicate that the government will be returned to power.

早期的结果预示这个政府将重新执政。

3 [transitive ] to mention sth, especially in an indirect way 暗示；间接提及；示意★ indicate to sb that …

◆ In his letter he indicated to us (that) he was willing to cooperate.

他在信中向我们透露他愿意合作。

★indicate sth (to sb)

◆ He indicated his willingness to cooperate.

他暗示愿意合作。

◆ Has she indicated yet whether she would like to be involved?

她表明了她是否愿意参加吗？

?synonyms at declare

[transitive ] to state sth firmly and clearly 表明；宣称；断言

4 [transitive ] ( formal) to make sb notice sb/sth, especially by pointing or moving your head 指示；指出

★ indicate sb/sth (to sb)

◆ She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us.

她拿出一张地图，给我们指出最快捷的路线。

★ indicate where, which, etc…

◆ He indicated where the furniture was to go.

他指示了家具要如何摆放。

5 [transitive ] indicatesth ( formal) to represent information without using words 显示（信息）；标示

◆ The results are indicated in Table 2.

结果列在表2中。

6 [transitive ] ( formal) to give information in writing 写明；注出

◆ You are allowed 20kgs of baggage unless indicated otherwise on your ticket.除非票上另有注明，否则可携带行李为20公斤。

◆ Please indicate clearly which colour you require.

请标明您要求的颜色。

7 [intransitive , transitive ] ( BrE) to show that your vehicle is going to change direction, by using lights or your arm

（用灯光或手臂）打行车转向信号

◆ Always indicate before moving into another lane.

开入其他车道前一定要打转向灯。

◆ He indicated le and then turned right.

他打出的是左转信号，然后却向右转了。

8 [transitive , usually passive ] indicatesth ( formal) to be necessary or recommended

有必要；被建议

◆ A course of chemotherapy was indicated.建议进行化疗。

luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）

shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；

剃△cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆

△cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆

车△Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁·海

利迪 tram n. （有轨）电车

apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的

1[not usually before noun ] easy to see or understand 显而易见；明白易懂；

显然 SYN ——→ obvious

◆ Their devotion was apparent.

他们的忠诚显而易见。

◆ Then, for no apparent reason,the train suddenly stopped.

接着，不知什么原因，火车突然停了下来。

★ apparent from sth that…

◆ It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.

从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。

★ apparent to sb that…

◆ It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing.

很快大家就看出来他不会唱歌。

?synonyms ——→ clear\ illustrate

2 [usually before noun ] that seems to be real or true but may not be 貌似的；

表面上的；未必真实的SYN ——→ seeming

◆ My parents were concerned at my apparent lack of enthusiasm for school.

我看来对上学不感兴趣，使父母担心。

apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地

brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速

conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥

slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑动；滑倒

1 [intransitive ] slip(over) to slide a short distance by accident so that you

fall or nearly fall 滑倒；滑跤

◆ She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg.

她在冰上滑倒把腿摔断了。

◆ As I ran up the stairs, my foot slipped and I fell.

我跑上楼梯时失脚摔倒了。

2 [intransitive ] (+ adv./prep.) to slide out of position or out of your hand 滑落；滑离；脱落

◆ His hat had slipped over one eye.

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人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译 选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the

高中英语必修1—选修8所有知识点总结

必修1 Unit 1 Friendship 语法点直接引语与间接引语Ⅰ（陈述和疑问语序) 考点1. 辨别宾语从句 2. 宾语从句连接词选用。 3. 宾语从句用陈述语序。 存在的问题1.分不清主句和宾语从句。 2. 不能根据句意选择正确连接词。 3. 疑问语序和陈述语序的辨别。 Unit 2 English around the world 语法点进行时用法总结 考点1. 进行时表正在进行的动作或存在的状态 2. 进行时表将来 存在的问题1. 进行时的正确结构不明确。 2. 进行表将来和将来表将来的异同点不明确。 Unit 3 Travel journal 语法点进行时用法总结 考点1. 进行时表正在进行的动作或存在的状态 2. 进行时表将来 存在的问题1. 进行时的正确结构不明确。 2. 进行表将来和将来表将来的异同点不明确。 Unit 4 Earthquakes 语法点定语从句Ⅰ(关系代词)

考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系代词。 存在的问题1. 主从复合句中分不清主句和定语从句。 2. 找不出定语从句的先行词 3. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 语法点定语从句Ⅱ（关系副词） 考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系副词。 存在的问题1. 找不出定语从句的先行词 2. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分 必修2 Unit1 Cultural relics 语法点限制定从和非限定从 考点1. 辨别定从和非限定从 2. that 不能用于非限定从 3. as与which 引导非限定从的区别 存在的问题1. 关系代词和关系副词的选择 2. 分不清关系副词也能引导非限定从 Unit 2 The Olympic Games 语法点一般将来时的被动语态