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水污染课程设计

河南城建学院

城市管网课程设计

题目:上海市城区污水雨水管网布置课程设计

姓名:包勋

学号:

班级:

专业:环境工程

指导教师:冯兴华张霞

2013年 12 月26日

目录

一排水管网设计说明书........................................ 错误!未定义书签。

1总论........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

1.1 设计依据.............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

1.2 城市概况原始资料...................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.3 设计原则.............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

1.4 设计范围和任务........................................ 错误!未定义书签。

2方案选择和确定 (3)

2.1 排水体制的确定 (3)

2.2 污水处理方式的选择 (4)

3污水管网工程设计 (4)

3.1 污水管网定线 (4)

3.2 污水设计流量.......................................... 错误!未定义书签。

3.3 污水管道的水力计算 (6)

3.4 污水管道水力计算成果 (10)

4雨水管网工程设计 (10)

4.1 雨水管网定线.......................................... 错误!未定义书签。

4.2 雨水设计流量 (11)

4.3 雨水管道的水力计算 (12)

4.4 雨水管道水力计算成果.................................. 错误!未定义书签。

二个人体会 (14)

三参考书籍 (14)

四排水管网设计计算书

1污水管道设计计算 (15)

1.1污水管道水力计算 (15)

1.2 污水总干管水力计算 (16)

2 雨水管水力计算 (18)

2.1雨水管道设计流量和水力计算 (18)

附表

1.街区面积表 (19)

2.污水干管设计流量计算表 (21)

3.污水干管水力计算表 (22)

4.污水总干管设计流量表 (23)

5.污水总干管水力计算表 (24)

6.雨水管道水力计算表 (25)

7.污水雨水管道部分系统平面图 (26)

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the results of the construction. Col orf ul in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

一排水管网设计说明书

1总论

1.1 设计依据

1.1.1 主要规范

(1)《城市排水工程规划规范》(GB50318-2000),国家质量技术监督局、建设部

(2)《室外排水设计规范》(GB50014-2006),国家计委、建设部

1.1.2 参考书籍

(1)《给水排水设计手册(1、5)》(第二版)(2000年) 中国建筑工业出版社

(2)《给水排水工程快速设计手册(2、5)》(第一版)(1996年) 中国建筑工业出版社

(3)《全国通用给水排水标准图集(S1、S2)》(1996年) 中国建筑标准设计研究所

(4)《排水工程》(上册,第四版)(1999年) 中国建筑工业出版社孙慧修主编

1.2 城市概况原始资料

1) 城市(包括工业区)总平面图一张,比例为1:10000,等高线间距1m。

(2) 城市设计人口

第一区:10万人;第二区:10万人;第三区:20万人;

(3) 根据城镇规模依据综合标准定;

(4) 公共建筑

表1.1 工厂工业废水量表

工厂类型最大班排水量日排水量水质特征备注

甲25 25 污水

乙30 30 污水

(5)暴雨强度公式

(6)水文气象资料

①城市位于我国的华东地区;②地下水位距地表8米;

③水体特征:最高水位:5.38米,最低水位:0.69米;

④气象资料:年平均气温16℃,年最高气温40.2℃;年最低气温-5℃,冰冻深度0.1米

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the r esults of the construction. Col orful in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

(7)其它资料

该市交通发达;电力可以保证供应;各种建筑材料和管道制品均可供应;雄厚的施工技术力量。

1.3 设计原则

执行国家关于环境保护的政策,符合国家有关规范和标准的要求,在城市总体布局的基础上,结合地形和环境保护要求统一规划城市排水管道系统。既技术先进,又切合实际,安全适用,具有良好的环境效益,经济效益和社会效益。做到技术可靠,经济合理。

1.4 设计范围和任务

某市规划的城区范围。根据给予的城市总平面图和设计原始资料,独立完成该城市排水管道系统的设计。包括:绘制排水管道总平面图一张,污水主干管纵断面图一张,说明书、计算书一份。

2方案选择和确定

2.1 排水体制的确定

排水系统的体制一般分为合流制和分流制。二者的优缺点比较见表2.1。

表2.1 合流制和分流制的比较

合流制分流制

直流分散式截留式完全分流式不完全分流式

环保角度排污口多,水未

处理,不满足环

保要求

晴天污水可以全

部处理,雨天存

在溢流

污水全部处理,初

降雨水未处理,但

可以采取收集措施

污水全部处理,初

降雨水未处理,但

不易采取收集措施

工程造价角度低管渠系统低,泵

站污水厂高,

管渠系统高,泵站

污水厂低

初期低,长期高,

灵活

管理角度不便,费用低管渠管理简便,

费用低,污水厂

泵站管理不便

容易容易

通过上述比较,完全分流制体系工程造价虽然稍高,但是环保效果好,管理方便结合该市的地形,气候等因素考虑,本市的排水系统的体制选择完全分流制(雨污分流制)。

2.2 污水处理方式的选择

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the results of the construction. Col orf ul in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

该市污水处理可有分散式和集中式两种选择方式,即江两岸各单建一座污水处理厂分别对各区的污水进行分散处理以及通过过江倒虹管将污水合并到第一区进入同一污水厂的集中处理。综上所述,方案确定为:在江两岸各单建一座污水处理厂,第三区的污水通过倒虹管输送到第一区进行集中处理。

3污水管网工程设计

3.1 污水管网定线

(1) 污水管道定线的基本原则

充分利用城市地形、地质、地貌特点,尽可能在管线较短和埋深较小的情况下,让最大区域的污水能自流排出。

布置管线是确定污水管道系统总体布置的重要步骤。在定线时应考虑地形等因素的影响。根据地形,污水厂和出水口位置布置污水管道,依次定出主干管、干管、街道支管,并考虑设置泵站的合理位置。

(2) 污水管道定线考虑的因素

污水管道定线考虑的因素有:地形和用地布局;排水体制和线路数目;污水厂和出水口位置;水文地质条件;道路宽度;地下管线及构筑物的位置;工业企业和产生大量污水的建筑物的分布情况。

(3) 排水流域的划分

定线前首先根据地形划分排水流域。排水流域划分一般根据地形及城镇(地区)的竖向规划进行。

在丘陵及地形起伏的地区,地形变化较显著,可按等高线划出分水线,通常分水线与流域分界线基本一致。在地形平坦无显著分水线的地区,或向一方倾斜时,可依据面积的大小划分,使各相邻流域的管道系统能合理分担排水面积,使干管在最大合理埋深情况下,流域内绝大部分污水能以自流方式接入。不设泵站或少设泵站。

(4) 污水主干管定线

本市的地形属于丘陵地带,布设排水管段的区域具有明显的坡度走向和分界,又因为B 江从两区间通过,为排水创造了很好的条件和可能,经分析,本市的排水管道采用分流式的排水体制。

(5) 污水干管定线

由于各区具有明显的坡度走向,故各区污水干管的布置宜充分利用这种地形顺坡铺设,使每个小区的污水能够自流排出。各区污水经支管系统进入污水干管收集并经污水主干管汇

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the r esults of the construction. Col orful in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

流至污水处理厂处理达标后排放。具体布置请参看某市排水管道设计布置总平面图。

(6) 出水口的形式

排水管渠排入水体的出水口的位置和形式,应根据污水水质、下游用水情况、水体的水位变化幅度、水流方向、波浪情况、地形变迁和主导风向等因素确定。

污水排水管渠的出水口通常采用淹没式,见图 3.1。以使污水与水体水混合较好,其位置处考虑上述因素外,还应取得当地卫生主管部门的同意。如果需有污水与水体水流充分混合,则出水口可长距离伸入水体分散出口,此时应设标志,并取得航运管理部门的同意。

图3.1 淹没式出水口

3.2 污水设计流量

1)划分设计管段

根据管道平面布置,划分设计管段(定出检查井的位置并编号),量出主干管的设计管段长度。

2)街坊排水面积的划分

根据污水管道的布置,划分各设计管段服务的街坊排水面积,编上号码并按其平面形状计算面积(以公顷计),用箭头表示污水流向。

3)设计流量

Adhere to pe ople -orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance , creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the results of the construction. Col orf ul in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

1. 本次设计采用的平均污水量每人每天120L 则每公顷居住区面积的生活污水平均流量(比

流量)为0.72L/(s.hm2)。

2. 生活污水量总变化系数

根据《室外排水设计规范》(GB50014-2006)相关部分内容,采用的居住区生活污水量变

化系数值见表3.1。

生活污水量总变化系数也可用下式进行计算:

z 0.11

2.7K Q = 式中 Q ――平均日平均时污水量(L/s)。

当Q<5 L/s 时,z K =2.3;当Q>1000 L/s ,z K =1.3。

表3.1 生活污水量总变化系数 污水平均日流量(L/s)

5 15 40 70 100 200 500 ≥1000 总变化系数(z K ) 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.

6 1.5 1.4 1.3

注:1 当污水平均日流量为中间数值时,总变化系数用内差法求得。

2 当居住区有实际生活污水量变化资料时,可按实际数据采用。

3.3 污水管道的水力计算

3.3.1水力计算公式

1) 流量公式 Q A V =?

2) 流速公式 v C R I =??

Q ――流量(m 3/s);A ――过水断面面积 (m 2);

v ――流速(m/s);R ――水力半径(过水断面面积与湿周的比值)(m);

I ――水力坡度(等于水面坡度,也等于管底坡度);C ――流速系数或称谢才系数。

C 值一般按曼宁公式计算

16

1C R n =?

将上面的两式综合可得:

2132

1v R I n =??

Adhere to pe ople -orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance , creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the r esults of the construction. Col orful in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn 2132

1Q A R I n =???

3) 排水管槽粗糙系数:由于采用钢筋混泥土管,所以n 取0.14。

3.3.2 设计参数

1) 设计充满度

在设计流量下,污水在管道中的水深h 和管道直径D 之间的比值称为设计充满度(或水深

比),如图3.2示。 H D

图3.2 充满度示意

雨水管道按满流设计,污水管道按非满流设计。我国最大设计充满度的规定如表3.3。

表3.3 最大设计充满度 管径(D )或暗渠高(H )(mm ) 最大设计充满度(h/D 或h/H )

200~300

0.55 3504~50

0.65 500~900

0.70 ≧1000

0.75 2) 设计流速

根据国内污水管道实际运行情况的监测数据并参考国外经验,污水管道的最小设计流速

定为0.6m/s ;金属管道的最大设计流速为10 m/s ,非金属管道的最大设计流速为5 m/s 。

3) 最小管径

一般在污水管道系统的上游部分,设计污水流量很小,若根据流量计算,则管径会很小。

根据养护经验证明,管径过小极易堵塞,比如150mm 支管的堵塞次数,有时达到200mm

支管堵塞次数的两倍,使养护管道的费用增加。而200mm 与150mm 管道在同样埋深下,施工

费用相差不多。此外,采用较大的管径,可选用较小的坡度,使管道埋深减小。

因此,为了养护工作的方便,常规定一个允许的最小管径:城市街道下的生活污水管

300mm 。在进行管道水力计算时,上游管段由于服务的排水面积小,因而设计流量小,按此流

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the results of the construction. Col orf ul in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

量计算得出的管径小于最小管径,此时就采用最小管径值。

4) 最小设计坡度

在污水管道系统设计时,通常使管道埋设坡度与设计地区的地面坡度基本一致,但管道坡度造成的流速应等于或大于最小设计流速,以防止管道内产生沉淀。

5) 控制点埋深和覆土厚度的确定

在污水排水区域内,对管道系统的埋深起控制作用的地点称为控制点。因此控制点埋深的确定对对管道系统的埋深有很大影响。本设计确定控制点埋深为2.5m。

①荷载要求:必须防止管壁因地面荷载而受到破坏

最小覆土在车行道下不小于0.7m

②冰冻要求:必须防止管道内污水冰冻和因土壤冻胀而损坏管道

ⅰ无保温措施时,管内底科埋设在冰冻线以上0.15m

ⅱ有保温措施或水温较高的管道,可根据经验埋得较浅一些

③必须满足街区污水连接管衔接的要求

④最大覆土:不宜大于7~8m,理想覆土:1~2m

减小埋深采取的措施:

①加强管材强度;

②填土提高地面高程以保证最小覆土厚度;

③设置泵站提高管位等方法,减小控制点管道的埋深,从而减小整个管道系统的埋深,降低工程造价。

6) 采用的管材

采用钢筋混凝土圆管排水,粗糙系数n=0.014。

8) 控制点的确定

控制点可能的位置:

①各条管道的起点大都是这条管道的控制点。

②这些控制点中离出水口最远的一点,通常就是整个系统的控制点。

③具有相当深度的工厂排出口或某些低洼地区的管道起点,也可能成为整个管道系统的控制点。

控制点确定的原则:

确定控制点的标高,一方面应根据城市的竖向规划,保证排水区域内各点的污水都能够排出,并考虑发展,在埋深上适当留有余地。另一方面,不能因照顾个别控制点而增加整个

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the r esults of the construction. Col orful in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

管道系统的埋深。

9) 管道衔接方式的确定

管道在衔接时应遵循两个原则:

①尽可能提高下游管段的高程,以减少管道埋深,降低造价;

②避免上游管段中形成回水而造成淤积。

管道衔接的方法,通常有水面平接和管顶平接两种。如图3.3所示。

水面平接是指在水力计算中,使上游管段终端和下游管段起端在指定的设计充满度下的水面相平,即上游管段终端与下游管段起端的水面标高相同。一般同管径时采用。优点:能减少下游管段的埋深。缺点:容易在上游管段形成回水。

管顶平接是指在水力计算中,使上游管段终端和下游管段起端的管顶标高相同。一般不同管径时采用。优点:不致于在上游管段产生回水。缺点:下游管段的埋深将增加。

污水管道衔接总原则:无论采用哪种衔接方法,下游管段起端的水面和管底标高都不得高于上游管段终端的水面和管底标高。

跌水连接:当管道敷设地区的地面坡度很大时,为了调整管内流速所采用的管道坡度将会小于地面坡度。为了保证下游管段的最小覆土厚度和减少上游管段的埋深,可根据地面坡度采用跌水连接。如图3.4所示。

图3.3 管道的衔接方式

(1)水面平接;(2)管顶平接

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the results of the construction. Col orf ul in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

图3.4 管段跌水连接

1—管段;2—跌水井

3.4 污水管道水力计算成果

从水力计算表中摘录主干管的管段编号、管长、管径、充满度、流速、坡度、埋深(上、下端)列成表格,有倒虹管时应在表中注明倒虹管的管段编号,有泵站时应说明泵站的设计流量和扬程以及在表中标明泵站位置所对应的编号,在备注栏注明。

4雨水管网工程设计

4.1 雨水管网定线

(1) 雨水管道定线的基本原则

雨水管渠的布置遵循以下原则:

①充分利用地形,以最短的距离,靠重力流就近排入水体。

②根据城市规划布置雨水管道。

③合理布置雨水口,以保证路面雨水排除通畅。

④雨水管道采用明渠或暗管应结合具体条件确定。

⑤设置排洪沟排除设计地区以外的雨洪径流。

(2) 划分排水流域和雨水管道定线考虑因素

根据地形划分排水流域,划分干渠的集水面积,注意面积划分时汇水面积的增加应大致均匀。标出水流方向,布置管渠、雨水管渠布置时应充分利用地形,使雨水能以最短距离就近排入水体。

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the r esults of the construction. Col orful in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

(3) 雨水管道定线

该市的雨水采用管道收集后直接排入就近水体的方式处理,因为各区汇水分界明显,坡度走势清晰,部分区域有逆坡现象,故雨水管道布置采用沿街顺坡布置,使雨水能够被很好的收集与排放。具体雨水管道布置请参看某市排水管道设计布置总平面图。

(4) 出水口的形式

雨水排水管的出水口可以采用非淹没式,具体形式见图4.1和图4.2。其底标高最好在水体最高水位以上,一般在常水位以上,以免水体水倒灌。当出口标高比水体水面高出太多时,应考虑设置单级或多级跌水。

图4.1 一字式出水口

图4.2 八字式出水口

4.2 雨水设计流量

(1) 采用的流量公式

Q?

?

q

F

式中 Q ——雨水设计流量(L/s);

ψ——径流系数,其值小于1;

F ——汇水面积(ha);

q ——设计暴雨强度(L/s.ha)。

(2) 暴雨强度公式

Adhere to pe ople -orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance , creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the results of the construction. Col orf ul in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

(3) 设计重现期的选取理由和数值

暴雨强度随重现期的不同而不同。本设计中选择P=1a 。

(4) 集水时间选取数值

对管道的某一设计断面来说,集水时间t 由地面集水时间t 1和管内流行时间t 2两部分组

成:

t =t 1 + mt 2

式中 t ——降雨历时(min);

t 1——地面集水时间(min),视距离长短、地形坡度和地面铺盖情况而定,一般采用

5~15 min ;

m ——折减系数,暗管m=2,明渠m=1.2,在陡坡地区,暗管m=1.2~2;

t 2-管渠内雨水流行时间(min)。

∑=v L t 602 式中 L ——各管段的长度(m);

v ——各管段满流时的水流速度(m/s);

60——单位换算系数,1min=60s 。

本设计中选择t 1=10min 。

(5) 径流系数的计算公式和数值

由于影响因素多,要精确求定ψ值较为困难。因此目前径流系数通常采用按地面覆盖种

类确定的经验数值。径流系数ψ值见表4.1。

表4.1 径流系数ψ值 地面种类

ψ值 各种屋面,混凝土和沥青路面 0.85-0.

95

大块石铺砌路面和沥青表面处理的碎石路面 0.55-0.

65

级配碎石路面 0.40-0.

50

干砌砖石和碎石路面 0.35-0.

Adhere to pe ople -orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance , creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the r esults of the construction. Col orful in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn 40 非铺砌土路面 0.25-0.

35

公园和绿地 0.10-0.

20

i i F F av ψψ?=∑

式中 Fi ——汇水面积上各类地面的面积(ha);

ψi ——相应于各类地面的径流系数;

F ——全部汇水面积(ha)。

市区地面种类:屋面占36%,混凝土路面占16%,碎石路面占10%,非铺砌路面占20%,

绿地占18%

根据市区地面覆盖情况

av

ψ=0.9×0.36+0.9×0.16+0.4×0.1+0.3×0.2+0.15×0.18=0.595 (6) 折减系数的选取说明

我国《室外排水设计规范》建议:暗管:m=2,明渠:m=1.2。在陡坡地区,暗管的m=1.2~2。

在本设计中,选取m=2。

4.3 雨水管道的水力计算

4.3.1 水力计算公式

雨水管渠水力计算仍按均匀流考虑,其水力计算公式与污水管道相同,但按满流即h/D

=1计算。在实际计算中,通常采用根据公式制成的水力计算图或水力计算表。

4.3.2 设计参数

(1) 设计充满度

①雨水管道设计充满度按满流考虑,即h/D =1。

③街道边沟应有等于或大于0.03m 的超高。

(2) 最小设计流速

①满流时最小流速不得小于0.75m/s 。

②起始管段地形平坦,不小于0.6m/s 。

(3) 最大设计流速

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the results of the construction. Col orf ul in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

雨水管渠的最大设计流速规定为:金属管最大流速为10m/s;非金属管最大流速为5m/s。管渠设计流速应在最小流速与最大流速范围内。

(4) 最小管径和最小设计坡度

最小管径和最小设计坡度见相关规范。

(5) 覆土厚度

覆土厚度要求同污水管。

(6) 采用的管材

采用钢筋混凝土圆管排水,粗糙系数n=0.014。

(7) 起点埋深的确定

在污水排水区域内,雨水管道起点是对管道系统的埋深起控制作用的地点。本设计确定起点埋深为0.7m。

(9) 衔接方式

雨水管道在管径、坡度、高程、方向发生变化及支管接入的地方都需要设置检查井。在设计时必须考虑在检查井内上下游管道衔接时的高程关系问题。雨水管道一般采用管顶平接。

污水管道衔接总原则:无论采用哪种衔接方法,下游管段起端的水面和管底标高都不得高于上游管段终端的水面和管底标高。

跌水连接:当管道敷设地区的地面坡度很大时,为了调整管内流速所采用的管道坡度将会小于地面坡度。为了保证下游管段的最小覆土厚度和减少上游管段的埋深,可根据地面坡度采用跌水连接。如图3.3所示。

4.4 雨水管道水力计算成果

从水力计算表中摘录所计算干管的:管段编号、管长、管径、流速、坡度、埋深(上、下端),列成表格。

三个人体会

通过此次课程设计,使我更加扎实的掌握了有关排水管网布置方面的知识,在设计过程中虽然遇到了一些问题,但经过一次又一次的思考,一遍又一遍的检查终于找出了原因所在,也暴露出了前期我在这方面的知识欠缺和经验不足。实践出真知,通过亲自动手制作,使我们掌握的知识不再是纸上谈兵。

课程设计给了我很多专业知识以及专业技能上的提升,同时又给了我许多道,给了我很

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the r esults of the construction. Col orful in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

多思,给了我莫大的空间。同时,设计让我感触很深。使我对抽象的理论有了具体的认识。

回顾起此课程设计我感慨颇多,从理论到实践,在这几天里,可以说得是苦多于甜,但是可以学到很多很多的东西,同时不仅可以巩固了以前所学过的知识,而且学到了很多在书本上所没有学到过的知识。通过这次课程设计使我懂得了理论与实际相结合是很重要的,只有理论知识是远远不够的,只有把所学的理论知识与实践相结合起来,从理论中得出结论,才能真正为社会服务,从而提高自己的实际动手能力和独立思考的能力。

四参考书籍

1.《给水排水设计手册》(第1、5册),建工版,2000年或1985年版

2.《给水排水快速设计手册》(第2、5册),建工版,1996年

3.孙慧修等,《排水工程》(上册,第四版),建工版

4.《室外排水设计规范》,中国计划出版社,2006

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the results of the construction. Col orf ul in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

第一区服务面积

街区号服务面积街区号服务面积街区号服务面积

1 7.78 14 4.63 27 1.29

2 12.37 15 4.67 28 1.20

3 6.17 16 4.65 29 2.88

4 6.20 17 4.5

5 30 2.27

5 5.91 18 4.69 31 1.96

6 5.80 19 6.99 32 2.35

7 5.29 20 2.50 33 1.19

8 2.98 21 1.18 34 1.11

9 1.29 22 1.18 35 1.80

10 1.31 23 2.88 36 2.27

11 3.33 24 2.27 37 3.07

12 2.27 25 2.92 38 1.36

13 3.45 26 2.47 39 1.40

40 1.40 41 3.27 42 2.53

43 3.39 44 2.77 45 3.76

46 3.76

第二区服务面积

街区号服务面积街区号服务面积街区号服务面积街区号服务面积

1 2.81 17 1.30 33 2.45 49 2.43

2 2.81 18 3.15 34 1.41 50 1.03

3 2.81 19 3.15 35 3.52 51 1.45

4 2.16 20 3.1

5 3

6 8.00 52 4.12

5 2.81 21 2.52 37 4.15 53 4.60

6 2.16 22 3.15 38 3.90 54 6.81

7 2.16 23 2.52 39 3.61 55 4.04

8 2.16 24 2.52 40 3.15 56 8.76

9 2.75 25 2.27 41 0.68 57 2.63

10 2.38 26 3.66 42 2.08 58 5.04

11 1.99 27 3.96 43 1.22 59 3.24

12 1.75 28 212 44 1.27 60 6.08

13 1.20 29 4.82 45 0.57 61 4.46

14 1.39 30 1.82 46 1.03 62 6.02

15 1.86 31 3.43 47 2.13 63 5.58

16 1.62 32 1.51 48 2.17 64 12.27

65 8.05

Adhere to pe ople-orie nted Outl ook, is on the premise of respe cting the interests a nd power of people, cre ating a popular, warm hearts, stea dy heart performance, creating "serv e for one officer, the be nefit of" achieveme nts, and overall construction of well-off society a nd pr omoting t he all-r ound development of pe opl e's performa nce. Achi evement evaluati on i n both economic a ccomplishments, take a nother look at t he effectiveness of social pr ogress; changes i n both ur ban a nd r ural cha nge; both hard e nvironme nt to strengt hen a nd take a nother look at the soft envir onment impr ovement momentum of devel opment at pre sent, depending on the potenti al for sustai nabl e devel opme nt. Leave people to talk about "value s" are worthle ss a nd leave people to talk about "Outlook" is not w hat the performance.

4. people responde d to the starti ng poi nt of the questi on, a nd re plied t o que stions point. M an is t he sum of socia l relationshi ps. We cannot leave t he chichua nyong du, housi ng, touri sm and entertainme nt, entertai ning, a nd eve n certai n political, e conomi c, cultural and social e nvironment, and so on. Due to human ne eds, all walks of life will come into being. Pe ople create for their survival, and continue e njoyi ng the r esults of the construction. Col orful in t he transformation of the people of the w orld, community vitality in the creation of man. T herefore, any w ork we do, the starti ng poi nt is huma n, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the nee ds of people, including survival ne eds, emotional nee ds a nd self-act ualizati on needs. It shoul d be noted t hat pe ople are not machine s, not the slave of an object, not to be controlle d. People have their own persona lity, ha s its ow n per sonality, has its own dignity. Person in nee d of care, you ne ed to understand, nee d to meet. It is said that in the "agricultural soci ety, people pla nt"; in "industrial soci ety, man i s an a nimal"; "the information society, ret urn

第三区服务面积

街区号服务面积街区号服务面积街区号服务面积街区号服务面积

1 3.16 20 3.16 39 6.3

2 58 1.88

2 2.74 21 2.74 40 1.95 59 2.93

3 3.58 22 3.58 41 3.16 60 2.72

4 3.16 23 3.16 42 2.74 61 2.95

5 3.58 24 3.58 43 3.58 62 4.83

6 316 25 1.68 44 3.16 63 6.63

7 3.74 26 2.95 45 3.58 64 5.05

8 3.58 27 2.95 46 1.68 65 4.33

9 3.16 28 0.95 47 2.95 66 3.95

10 3.58 29 3.16 48 2.95 67 5.03

11 3.16 30 2.74 49 2.95 68 4.58

12 2.74 31 3.58 50 4.19 69 4.67

13 3.58 32 3.16 51 5.17 70 3.75

14 3.16 33 3.58 52 4.23 71 3.10

15 3.58 34 1.68 53 3.16 72 3.79

16 1.68 35 2.95 54 2.74 73 4.18

17 2.95 36 2.95 55 3.58 74 6.56

18 2.95 37 2.95 56 3.16 75 8.96

19 2.95 38 4.26 57 3.58

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